In response to the increasingly serious urban waterlogging problem in recent years, the MIKE FLOOD model was used to simulate the flooding and inundation status of the Yuehu New District in Yingtan City when it encountered rainfall during the return periods of 1.a, 3.a, 5.a, 10.a and 20.a. The complete process of the formation and recovery of urban waterlogging under different return periods of rainfall was investigated. According to the simulation results, the number of submerged grids in the study area after rainfall in each return period were counted. Based on the system performance analysis, the waterlogging elasticity of the Yuehu New District was studied, and the research area’s defense and recovery capabilities against rainfall disasters in each return period were further analyzed. The results show that under different return periods of rainfall, the accumulated waterlogging area in the study area basically reaches the maximum at about 65 minutes. The drainage system of the study area is more sensitive to rainfall during the low return period from 1a to 3a. The lower the return period of rainfall, the faster and better the recovery level of the system performance.