Due to the importance of accurate finite element models in assessing and analyzing the safety performance of hydraulic structures and on the basis of in-depth analysis of relevant research results at home and abroad, this paper systematically reviews the development and latest research progress of finite element model updating technology for hydraulic structures based on vibration response, with reference to both matrix-based and parameter-based updating approaches. Key issues of current finite element model updating technology for hydraulic structure are discussed and summarized. It is pointed out that future research can be carried out by combining artificial intelligence technology, from the aspects of high-efficiency sampling strategy and high-precision surrogate model development, multi-source information fusion and accurate extraction of vibration characteristics, and real-time dynamic model updating for the whole life cycle, so as to improve the practicability of vibration response-based finite element model updating technology and provide technical support for intelligent operation and maintenance of hydraulic structures.