To quantitatively evaluate water resources security in mining areas, this study takes the X mining area in northern Shaanxi as the research object and constructs an evaluation index system comprising four dimensions (water quality status, water resources quantity, water use efficiency, and ecological sustainability) with a total of 16 secondary indicators, and classifies the risk levels of the indicators. The game theory combination weighting approach is employed to optimize the integration of indicator weights derived from the analytic hierarchy process and the entropy weight method. The combined weights are then incorporated into the TOPSIS method to analyze the multi-year water resources security of the mining area based on the closeness of each indicator to the ideal solution. The results indicate that the comprehensive water resources security level of the mining area from 2017 to 2023 is relatively safe, which is consistent with the actual conditions of the mining area. The primary factors affecting water resources security in the mining area are the surface water quality compliance rate, the wastewater discharge compliance rate of the mining area, and the groundwater pollution index.