In order to uncover the evolution process of Yellow River’s riverbed in frozen period, we studied the analytical method of three-dimensional visualization on riverbed under ice of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia based on geographic information system(GIS). According to the results of field experiments, we analyzed the river terrain and plotted the riverbed contour maps, the vector topographic maps, and the typical cross sections of curved reach. In the process of visualization, we plotted the three-dimensional surface maps and shade relief maps, and made a quantitative calculation of riverbed’s scouring and silting changes in the frozen period and open period. Besides, we carried out a contrastive study of riverbed spatial under conditions of open channel flow and ice cover flow. The results showed that the GIS technology can be applied to the three-dimensional model-building of riverbed and the quantitative calculation of its scouring and silting changes at different times. It also can instantly reflect the change process of river channel, accurately calculate the scouring and silting volumes of riverbed, and explain the mechanism of interaction between sediment and flow movement in frozen period.