Based on the analysis of the precarious status of water resources in China and the formation of a strictest water resources management system, general requirements for implementing the strictest water resources management system are summarized, and the latest advances in implementing the strictest water resources management system is tracked and investigated. According to the current demands of water policy, key next steps toward implementing the strictest water resources management system are proposed: further strengthening of supervision and management; further prioritization of water conservation, and promotion of the construction of a water-saving society; further strengthening of brand characteristics, and promotion of the construction of water ecological civilization; and removal of three major obstacles (measurement and monitoring capabilities, grassroots management capability, and law-based water management capability), and establishment of three safeguard mechanisms (the national water resources monitoring capacity building project, grassroots water resources management capability, and water resources legislation