Based on systematic analysis of the mechanisms of interaction between socioeconomic development and water conservancy development, as well as on the evolution and characteristics of water conservancy development, an evaluation index system for water conservancy development was designed systematically from four perspectives, including water resources utilization, water environment protection, water ecological restoration, and water disaster prevention. The integrated implementation degree of water conservancy development’s objectives in China is evaluated, and the main existing problems during the water conservancy development process are investigated comprehensively. The results show that the comprehensive implementation degree of water conservancy development’s objectives was 45％ in 2010, indicating that the natural water ecological deficit has begun shrink; that the forecasted comprehensive implementation degrees are 63％ for 2015 and 92％ for 2030, indicating that the local natural water ecological remainder will have begun to appear; and that the overall natural water ecological remainder will be realized in 2050, a human-water balance will be achieved, and water conservancy modernization will be realized.