With a focus on many problems that exist in parameter sensitivity analysis, this paper first analyzes the model construction of hydrological model parameter sensitivity analysis and the main functions in the process of its application. This paper also focuses on the relationship between uncertainty analysis and parameter optimization. Three methods of classification of sensitivity analysis are summarized. Four key technological methods of analysis commonly used in hydrological models are discussed. The four key technological methods include the Morris screening method, regression-based analysis, the variance-based method, and surrogate modeling approaches. At the same time, we discuss the applicable conditions for different approaches in hydrological models, summarize the advantages and disadvantages of various methods, and review the research status of various methods used in the hydrological model. In addition, a synthesized evaluation framework for sensitivity analysis for hydrological modeling is introduced. Several future research issues are also proposed.