In order to optimize the shape of aeration devices and study their hydraulic characteristics, based on previous research achievements and engineering application experience, the mechanisms of flow aeration on mitigating cavitation erosion, dynamic characteristics of aeration flow, and shape and arrangement of aeration devices are reviewed in this study. Aiming at the shortcomings of the current research, it is suggested that research on the microcosmic mechanism of multi-bubble interaction such as cavitation bubble-air bubble-boundary interaction, the evolution law of aeration concentration and bubble characteristics in near-wall(floor, side wall)water body, and the optimization of aeration facility shape under complex conditions should be further strengthened.