According to the characteristics and development trend of pipes and safety protection of water transfer engineering, the application advance and the main achievements of various pipes and safety protection technology of long distance water transfer pipeline engineering in Xinjiang were summarized and reviewed, combined with the special conditions of extremely cold, frequent earthquake, multiple sediment and complex erosion in Xinjiang. The problems existing in safety technology of water transfer pipeline were analyzed. The main factors considered in pipe selection and the technology development trend of water transfer engineering were proposed. Proposals for future development were also put forward.