A cascade reservoir joint operation model for optimizing the hydrodynamic environment of the Chinese sturgeon spawning ground was constructed to protect the Chinese sturgeon resources and restore the hydrodynamic environment of the spawning ground. The evolution trend of the hydrodynamic environment in the spawning ground downstream of the Gezhouba dam before and after the joint operation of the Three Gorges-Gezhouba cascade reservoirs was clarified by means of data investigation and numerical simulation. Through comparative analysis of the actual operation and optimal operation of the cascade reservoirs during the Chinese sturgeon spawning period in 2010(Oct. to Dec. ), it is concluded that the Three Gorges-Gezhouba joint optimal operation can effectively improve the Chinese sturgeon spawning fitness and can optimize the hydrodynamic environment of the spawning ground while meeting the conventional operation targets of the cascade reservoirs. The joint optimal operation can increase the natural breeding probability of the Chinese sturgeon and can effectively protect the Chinese sturgeon resources.