In order to improve the riprap identification ability of seismic data collected by seismic reflection method, the influence of three seismic acquisition parameters, including the sampling period, the peak frequency of source seismic wave and the offset on seismic data quality by seismic forward simulation was analyzed. The results show that selection of the sampling period is related to the peak frequency of the source seismic wave, and the sampling frequency should be greater than or equal to two times of the maximum frequency of the original signal. As the peak frequency of the source seismic wave increases, the minimum thickness of the riprap that can be identified and the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data decreases gradually. The offset magnitude influences whether the reflected waves at the top and bottom of the riprap can be distinguished, and it also determines whether the riprap thickness can be obtained. As the increase of the peak frequency of the source seismic wave and the water depth, the maximum offset also increases. In addition, the reliability of the seismic forward simulation results was verified by the example of underwater riprap detection in Baoding polder.