Abstract:From a management perspective, this paper introduces to the construction of the TB Hydropower Project, with a focus on the achievements in the construction management in terms of organizational management, safety management, quality management, environmental and water protection management, schedule management, mechanical and electrical installation, technological innovation, intelligent construction, and corporate social responsibility. The TB Hydropower Project adopts the management mode of “integration of construction and management” and fully incorporates green and intelligent construction technologies, achieving comprehensive intelligent control over the project construction. The successful practice of the TB Hydropower Project provides valuable experience and insights for the construction of hydropower projects in China.

Abstract:The TB Hydropower Project is located in the canyon area of northwest Yunnan, with poor natural conditions, complex geological conditions, high technical difficulties, long construction lines, tight schedules, overlapping peak periods, short design cycles, and high technical requirements. To build a 158 m roller compacted concrete gravity dam project with high quality, the construction unit needs to carefully plan and organize. By reviewing the design technology management system, management mode, scientific research planning and breakthrough, design optimization, and other related work during the construction process of TB Hydropower Project, the innovation and practical process of project design and technology management has been analyzed and summarized, which can provide reference for the management of similar projects at home and abroad.

Abstract:On the basis of summarizing Lancang River Campany’s 20 years of hydropower project construction management, put forward the goal of “taking key technological innovation as the leader, supported by intelligent construction platform, and creating TB hydropower benchmarking project”, established the “1+3+ N ” scientific and technological innovation and green intelligent construction system, realized the comprehensive application of intelligent construction technology in hydropower projects. Through innovative technology and intelligent construction system and management system, it has played a great role in the safe, green, high-quality and efficient construction of the project, the TB Hydropower Project was put into operation one year ahead of the feasibility study schedule at last, creating huge economic and social benefits.

Abstract:Based on the “integrated construction and management” model, the TB Power Station has established a green intelligent construction system that covers all aspects, full flows, full processes, and the entire lifecycle. By implementing intelligent construction during the construction phase, such as smart dam construction, smart powerhouse construction, green and intelligent sand and gravel processing, and intelligent electromechanical installation, as well as business management systems covering various aspects of engineering construction involving safety, quality, environmental and water and soil conservation, progress, materials, equipment, contracts, and digital archives, it has addressed issues related to processes, techniques, and performance management across multiple stages, disciplines, and performance entities. The application of these systems has achieved favorable results in engineering practice, marking a transition from the traditional construction management model to the intelligent construction management model.

Abstract:TB hydroelectric project roller compacted concrete dam, concrete pouring duration of only 19 months, a new domestic and international crushed concrete dam construction speed. In recent years, roller compacted concrete dam construction technology continues to progress, the degree of mechanization continues to be high, the dam concrete pouring period is generally 3 years, while the TB Hydropower Project dam in the construction process, the owner gives full play to the leading role in the time of 19 months on the completion of the dam concrete 2.25 million m³ of the pouring task, and the quality of the best, the use of concrete pouring intervals, the preparation of the silo bin surface taken out of the 26.5m world’s longest The longest core sample in the world was taken out from the surface of the preparation bin during the break of concrete pouring. In the construction of TB Hydropower Project roller compacted concrete dam, the owner led the implementation of a series of advanced technology and effective management means, such as through the warehouse large oblique layer rolling pouring technology, 9m high rising layer construction, continuous tilting pouring, into the warehouse way planning arrangement, fast across the corridor layer construction, etc., which laid an important foundation for the rapid construction of the dam. Project examples have proved that through advanced technology and effective management, the construction period of the roller compacted concrete dam has been greatly shortened, which creates prerequisite conditions for water storage, power generation and commissioning, and is of great significance in engineering practice.

Abstract:In response to the complex geological and structural characteristics, as well as the difficulty of construction, of the underground powerhouse cavern group in the TB hydropower Project, the main construction techniques was summarized. The results show that the main construction technologies for the underground powerhouse cavern group include excavation technology for rock wall beams, deep hole pre splitting excavation technology for high side walls, one hole to bottom fine blasting technology, reserved rock cover method technology for the main powerhouse, slag removal technology for inclined shaft small excavators, rapid protection technology for secondary deformation cracking and block falling of large caverns, rope saw cutting technology for ventilation shafts of turbine oil depots, inclined shaft concrete sliding mode construction technology, high flow self compacting expansive concrete construction technology, plain concrete construction technology for water transmission and power generation system frame structure without decoration, circular and turning technology for pressure steel pipe tunnels, and intelligent welding technology for pressure steel pipes. In the intelligent construction process of underground powerhouse cavern group, a smart construction management platform was established using BIM and IoT technology, achieving refined management and intelligent control of construction technology.

Abstract:In response to the narrow site, high monthly peak intensity of refrigerated concrete, and difficult system layout of the TB Hydropower Project concrete production system, a “three-dimensional multi-level, planar multi module” approach was adopted according to local conditions. Intensive refrigeration equipment and other construction techniques that save space were utilized, combined with the production process flow to reasonably arrange the various components of the system, solving the problem of limited space, meeting the peak demand for concrete production, and ensuring the quality of concrete pouring.

Abstract:In order to realize the digital and intelligent transformation of hydropower construction under the background of digital transformation, further standardize the management of electromechanical equipment of hydropower station, and realize intensive management, this paper analyzes how to build a digital integrated management platform for the whole process of electromechanical equipment with the equipment ID code as the main line from the two aspects of digital infrastructure construction and whole process management module of electromechanical equipment. And through the platform to achieve the owner, design, manufacturers, supervision and construction units five-in-one intensive management.

Abstract:To achieve rapid construction of dams, an innovative large inclined layer continuous rolling placement technique was used in the TB Hydropower Project. This technique combines multiple dam sections into a single placement zone and utilizes the end-retreat method for swift opening and placement. The zone is managed in sub-sections, allowing for simultaneous preparation of adjacent zones during placement. This reduces the interval between placements, decreases the intensity of material supply demands on aggregate and mixing systems, ensures balanced production, and increases monthly placement volumes. The technique addresses challenges such as tight construction schedules, high placement intensity, and limited capacity of aggregate processing and mixing systems. It sets a new record for the construction timeline of roller compacted concrete (RCC) dams. The TB Hydropower Project completed its RCC placement in just 19 months, with a total concrete volume of 2.25 million m³. This provides valuable experience for the rapid construction of high RCC dams in the future.

Abstract:In view of the problems of high difficulty in construction management organization and high requirements for construction technology preparation in the TB Hydropower Station, combined with the actual situation of TB Hydropower Station, an analysis was conducted on the rapid roller-compacted concrete (RCC) dam construction technology in the new era. Research and application were carried out on key technologies such as the layout for material placement, the flat-layer continuous lifting technology, the inclined-layer cyclic construction technology, the rapid construction technology across gallery layers, the rapid construction technology across the middle outlet, the technology of synchronous lifting of the guide wall and the roller-compacted concrete, and the separate pouring of the spillway surface. Technical breakthroughs were achieved, such as the “continuous rise of 18 m at one time” in the flat layer during the low-temperature season and the adoption of the 6-meter inclined-layer construction with a cycle of 10.d for the placement area exceeding 10 000 m² in the high-temperature season, showing the advantages of the rapid construction of the RCC dam construction technology.

Abstract:In line with Huaneng Group’s vision of building the TB Hydropower Project into a “green and smart power station”, the construction of the underground power plant at the TB Hydropower Project was carried out in conjunction with the construction and application of intelligent construction projects. With the methods of internet of things, radio frequency identification (RFID), data acquisition, and cloud technology, intelligent ventilation of underground caverns, underground construction that operates akin to surface-level projects, as well as the visualization, informatization, digitization, and intelligentization of the construction site were achieved. These achievements have led to breakthroughs in intelligent construction technology for hydropower projects, improving the standards of construction and management. This progress has firmly established the groundwork for the TB Hydropower Project to realize its ambition of becoming a “green and smart power station”.

Abstract:To solve the problem of large elevation difference in aggregate transportation in the main sand and gravel system, meet the spatial and planar layout requirements of the coarse crushing workshop and the semi-finished material pile, and reduce the operating cost of the sand and gravel system, the TB Hydropower Project uses downward belt conveyor with large inclination to transport aggregates. This paper introduces the conveyor from aspects of design parameters, operating principle, structural design, construction and commissioning, and considers that the conveyor not only has a simple structure, but also its main components can be interchangeable with those of a general belt conveyor, which facilitates use and maintenance and at the same time can save investment and operating costs of transportation equipment, showing good comprehensive benefits.

Abstract:On the basis of introducing the basic parameters of the TB Hydropower Project turbine, the key control points of the turbine embedded parts such as the draft pipe, stay ring, spiral case, and pit liner pit lining are detailed, including determination of the reference points, control of key dimensions, control of welding and control of the concrete pouring process. Specific control measures are also provided.

Abstract:Taking the TB Hydropower Project as an example, this paper introduces the application and innovation of intelligent construction technology in the construction of roller-compacted concrete (RCC) dams. Based on the integration of “GIS+BIM+VR+IoT,” an intelligent construction platform was established. Utilizing a dual-network integration model of “intranet + 5G network”, the four systems of “intelligent mixing, intelligent rolling, intelligent grouting, and intelligent temperature control” were coordinated and unified, two core management threads of “intelligent pouring” and “intelligent temperature control” were constructed. Remarkable results were achieved: the dam rose by 126 m within a year, and a 26.5-meter-long core sample, the world’s longest for RCC, was extracted. The application of intelligent construction technology has made project construction management more precise and efficient, ensuring construction quality. Simultaneously, through deep integration with domestic universities in the “industry-academia-research” collaboration, new technological achievements were made in the fields of intelligent equipment systems, unmanned rolling, and dynamic temperature control, providing a solid foundation for the intelligent and high-quality development of large-scale hydropower project.

Abstract:The necessity, feasibility, difficulties, and corresponding measures of intelligent monitoring during the excavation period of large underground caverns are systematically introduced, and the results are analyzed, aiming to provide a reference for the automated monitoring of other hydropower project excavations.

Abstract:In current water conservancy and hydropower projects, anchor cable tensioning operations often rely on manual control of tension forces and measurement of elongation, leading to issues such as poor control accuracy, high variability, low construction efficiency, and challenges in quality management. Based on the TB Hydropower Project, an intelligent prestressed anchor cable tensioning system was developed, featuring centralized control via a central server. This system integrates functions such as parameter design, data recording, real-time monitoring, online evaluation, and stress monitoring, enabling intelligent management of the entire process and lifecycle of anchor cable tensioning operations. Validation through the TB Hydropower Project case study demonstrates that the system meets on-site construction requirements, helps ensure anchor cable construction quality, reduces labor intensity, improves construction management, and enhances intelligent construction capabilities, offering significant value for wider application and promotion.

Abstract:Based on the initially proposed closure scheme, a physical model test study was conducted for the TB Hydropower Project to analyze the hydraulic parameters of the closure gap under different operational conditions, and it was pointed out that the discharge index is the key factor determining the difficulty of river closure. Under the actual field condition before the closure, the numerical simulation method was used to analyze the hydraulic parameters of the river closure. The results shows that under the same inflow rate, a deterioration in the diversion conditions will significantly increase the difficulty of river closure. The river basin development company adopted the mode of controlling discharge to assist river closure, which effectively reduce the difficulty of river closure by decreasing the discharge from the upper cascade power station, thus completing the river closure successfully. Both the measured data in field and the inversion results from model test demonstrate that this mode can provide a successful reference for the design and implementation of similar projects in river basin cascade development.

Abstract:To achieve the goal of “zero counterweight” of TB Hydropower Project runner manufacturing, starting from the equipment procurement stage, they conducted advance planning, through innovative means such as raising standards, adding processes, and introducing new equipment and new technologies, and relying on measures such as organizational guarantee, technical feasibility, and process control, all four runners finally achieved “zero counterweight” manufacturing , making the TB Hydropower Project the first power station in China where all runners have achieved “zero counterweight” manufacturing so far.

Abstract:From the early stages of construction, the TB Hydropower Project has simultaneously implemented automated monitoring. In an environment with no permanent power supply, no conditions for wired communication, and significant construction interference, solutions were devised based on the on-site situation. Power supply issues were resolved using solar energy, temporary construction power sources, or batteries with low-power self-sleep modes. Communication issues were addressed using wireless communication, temporary optical cables, and LORA signal relays. These measures successfully realized high-frequency, long-duration automated observations during the construction period, ensuring the completeness of monitoring data throughout the entire construction period. Upon completion of construction, the related systems can be seamlessly transitioned into a permanent automated monitoring system, providing robust data support for guiding construction, monitoring, and early warning.

Abstract:The unmanned excavator technology was studied and applied in the construction of the inclined shaft for water diversion in the TB Hydropower Project for the first time. At the same time, through measures such as optimizing blasting parameters, strengthening the connection between processes, and improving blasting support time, the safety of construction was greatly improved, the construction progress was accelerated, the construction efficiency was increased, and the construction cost was reduced, creating considerable direct economic and social benefits, which can provide reference for inclined shaft excavation in similar hydropower projects.

Abstract:Aiming at the issues related to the single-set management of electronic archives for hydropower projects in terms of institutional construction, system construction, resource construction and security management, this paper develops a single-set collection and management system for infrastructure project documents. This system realizes the automatic collection of quality assessment forms, test inspection reports and their original records, as well as engineering receiving and dispatching documents into this system by seamlessly integrating three business systems of quality assessment, test inspection, and engineering receiving and dispatching. Within this system, after being sorted and inspected, the relevant data can be directly transferred to the digital archives by means of the one-click archiving function, thus meeting the requirements put forward in the Archives Law that electronic archives should have reliable sources, standardized procedures and compliant elements.

Abstract:Through the investigation of Lisu culture, the design of TB Hydropower Project fully absorbed the nutrients and essence of Lisu culture, summarized and refined the elements of local culture, and decorated the buildings with rustic shapes, exquisite patterns, rich patterns, beautiful meanings and clever dance shape. Lisu culture is fully reflected in the design schemes of the entrance tunnel gate, the railings on the top of the dam, the buildings in the dam area and the entrances in the hub area, which makes the whole project show a unique charm and spiritual temperament.

Abstract:In response to the current heavy construction task and tight construction period of pumped storage power stations, this study focuses on the construction period of the main project of large-scale pumped storage power stations, analyzes the influencing factors and their importance on the construction period of the main project, and based on field research and statistical analysis, constructs an explanatory structural model (ISM) of the influencing factors through the development of Boolean operation program code.The results indicate that terrain and landform conditions are important factors affecting the construction period. Specific schedule optimization measures have been proposed for different construction routes, including technical measures, organizational measures, management measures, and economic measures.

Abstract:In order to fully utilize the advantage of the rapid rise of roller-compacted concrete (RCC), this paper proposes a scheme of adopting continuous lift-up construction combined with intelligent construction technology during the low-temperature season to ensure the rapid lift of the dam. Before construction, the numerical simulation method is used to calculate the load distribution under different lift heights, and the stress and displacement states of the formwork during the lift-up construction process are analyzed, so as to ensure the stability and safety of the formwork during the lift-up process. The application practice in the TB Hydropower Station shows that this technology is convenient in construction, safe and stable, and can ensure that the cast concrete has excellent appearance quality.

Abstract:In response to the issues of early digital construction technologies for roller compacted concrete dams, such as outdated technology and incomplete application functions, a study on the key technologies of integrated intelligent construction was carried out, relying on the roller compacted concrete dam of the TB Hydropower Project. This aims to solve the challenge of ensuring compaction quality under conditions of high intensity and continuous construction. Focusing on the objectives of dam construction quality, safety, progress, and construction management, integrated intelligent construction technologies are applied from raw materials to each construction phase. This closely integrates intelligent tools with on-site construction, reducing reliance on human labor and achieving safe, efficient, and high-quality construction of the project.

Abstract:In order to solve the problem that the subjective control of artificial tensioning in the traditional anchoring tensioning system is arbitrary, which is easy to cause the prestressed construction quality to be greatly affected by external factors, the pretension method combined with intelligent tensioning system is used to realize the automatic tensioning control of prestressed anchor cable to improve the tensioning quality and efficiency. Combined with TB Hydropower Project, this paper introduces the intelligent construction technology of prefabricated beams from the aspects of construction preparation, pedestal design and layout, prefabricated beams reinforcement lashing, bellows positioning and installation, formwork installation, steel strand installation and tension. It is considered that the construction of pretensioned prestressed beams through steel structure tensioning pedestal is simple, and the construction quality and durability of prefabricated beams are improved. The intelligent tensioning system can improve the tensioning quality through the real-time monitoring of the sensor, so that the prestressed tensioning can be completed safely with high quality and high standard.

Abstract:In view of the fact that the traditional large warehouse surface flat layer paving process has the inter-layer interval time overtime, and the large warehouse surface needs to be divided into multiple small warehouse surfaces for construction, resulting in the waste of warehouse resources, combined with the sub-warehouse structure, climatic characteristics and warehouse intensity of TB Hydropower Project, the large inclined layer paving method is used to achieve long-term continuous pouring, so that it is not affected by rainfall, which maximizes the utilization rate of the equipment and ensures the quality of the interlayer combination.

Abstract:Construction surveying work is the fundamental work that runs through the entire process of engineering construction, playing a crucial role in ensuring the quality of engineering construction. The accuracy, layout principles, layout forms, and internal and external work of the construction surveying control network for large and medium-sized hydropower stations must comply with the requirements of the engineering project itself and relevant technical standards. Strict control and careful construction should be carried out at each step to establish a high-precision and user-friendly construction surveying control network.

Abstract:Aiming at the operation stability of Francis turbines at low and medium head, the paper presents the optimization directions and measures for the hydraulic stability of turbines at low and medium head, as well as engineering methods to reduce the pressure pulsation at partial load, in order to provide references for the design of power with similar head, so as to improve the operation efficiency and safety of turbines.

Abstract:The TB Hydropower Project has two diversion tunnels, with one planar stoplog gate with sliding reverse hook installed at the outlet of each diversion tunnel, which are used for flood control before diversion tunnel closure and to block downstream water during sealing construction. The embedded parts of the gate slot are composed of the main rail, bottom sill, door lintel, and end sill. The structural characteristics, installation process, welding process, etc. of the gate can provide reference and guidance for the installation of other similar planar laminated beam sliding anti hook gates.

Abstract:In view of the problems such as slurry leakage, low drilling efficiency and difficult hole formation in the construction of cutoff walls in the upstream and downstream cofferdams of TB hydropower project, based on the successful construction experience of cutoff walls in previous projects, From three aspects: construction scheme and process, quality control measures, quality inspection and evaluation, the pre-control measures and continuous improvement measures taken in the construction of cutoff wall of TB hydropower project are introduced. It is believed that the measures taken ensure the quality of the project and ensure the construction safety, quality and progress.

Abstract:The impact of surface water and confined groundwater in aquifers on the construction quality of manually excavated piles was explored. In combination with the characteristics of quality defects that emerged during the construction process, the effectiveness and limitations of detection methods such as the low-strain method, sonic transmission method, and core drilling method, were analyzed. Through analysis of two typical quality accident cases, suggestions for reasonably selecting detection methods during the inspection of manually excavated piles are put forward.

Abstract:There is no engineering experience to learn from the use of gabbro aggregate roller compacted concrete gravity dams, which is a new material and technology, so it is necessary to combine the engineering raw materials to carry out the research on the thermal diffusivity of roller compacted concrete. In this paper, the field sampling method is used to test the thermal diffusivity of two design indexes of crushed concrete in TB Hydropower Project, and the results show that: the thermal diffusivity of the roller compacted concrete with design indexes of C₉₀20W8F100 and C₉₀15W6F100 are 3.81×10^-3, 3.82×10^-3m²/h, respectively, and the values are close to each other; it was found that the thermal diffusivity of the roller compacted concrete decreased with the increase of the age of curing in the test

Abstract:A long concrete core sample with a diameter of 250 mm and a length of 26.5 m was taken from the 15 dam section at an elevation of 1 693.8 m in TB Hydropower Project. The core sample was intact, with a smooth and dense surface and good interlayer bonding. Based on the actual situation of drilling, research was conducted on the selection of drilling machines, material processing requirements, drilling process control, and other construction techniques during the construction process of the concrete long core. The results indicate that GQ-60 engineering drilling rig was selected for the construction process. The roller compacted concrete within the core range adopts inclined layer rolling construction technique. During the coring construction process, the same drill bit and reamer should be used, and the hardness of the drill bit body should match the strength of the concrete, which should meet the construction requirements.

Abstract:By utilizing technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, and AI recognition, the issue of material management informatization during the construction phase of basin-level hydropower projects is addressed. Firstly, technologies such as digital truck scales, intelligent mixing plants, and intelligent sand and gravel aggregate yards are integrated into individual hydropower stations to achieve intelligent collection of centrally supplied materials. Secondly, through the integration of multiple business processes, automated calculation is achieved for hydropower station demand planning, reconciliation and settlement, and centralized material verification and cancellation. Finally, big data technology is employed to enable intelligent “coordinated dispatch and supply” of centrally supplied materials for basin-level hydropower projects. The system boasts a high level of automation and intelligence, effectively enhancing material management efficiency while ensuring material supply and reducing material occupancy costs

Abstract:In response to the problems of large calculation workload and many duplication of work in the traditional method for calculating over-excavation volume of earth-rock in complex terrain, some functions of Civil 3D software were used for 3D modeling in the excavation process of TB Hydropower Project dam foundation to calculate the over-excavation volume, which can quickly, accurately and intuitively calculate the actual volume of earth-rock.

Abstract:When the roller compacts concrete dam adopts the belt machine feeding system or the full pipe feeding system to transport concrete, a storage hopper that can adjust the discharge volume is usually arranged at the beginning end of the feeding system. In the traditional hydropower construction, the positive conical storage hopper is mainly used. In the construction process of TB Hydropower Project, the positive conical storage hopper and the skewed storage hopper are respectively designed. Based on practical application effects, the problems in the application process of the positive conical storage hopper and the advantages of the skewed storage hopper were analyzed from multiple aspects. The results showed that the skewed storage hopper was better than the positive conical storage hopper in terms of adaptability to the tail of the belt conveyor, adaptability to the horizontal layout of the belt conveyor, and adaptability to the horizontal and vertical angles of the full pipe feeding system. It also had more advantages in material transfer efficiency.

Abstract:In view of the problems such as complex procedures, high construction difficulties, and high safety risks during the expansion excavation process of inclined shafts in the water diversion tunnels of pumped storage power stations, taking a pumped storage power station in Xiamen City as an example, this paper discusses the key technologies for the expansion excavation of long inclined shafts, including optimizing the construction procedures and methods for the expansion excavation of long inclined shafts, reasonably arranging the construction platforms and lifting systems for the expansion excavation, and formulating effective preventive and treatment measures for shaft blockage during the expansion excavation. Through the comprehensive application of these key technologies, the maximum monthly progress of the expansion excavation in this project reached 96 m, achieving the safe and rapid construction of the expansion excavation of the long inclined shaft in the water diversion tunnel.

Abstract:In view of the problems such as high quality requirements, significant construction difficulties and complex construction conditions for the concrete project of the rock wall crane beam in the underground powerhouse of pumped storage power stations, taking a certain pumped storage power station in Xiamen City as an example, this paper discusses the concrete construction technology of the rock wall crane beam. By employing strategies such as blocking alternate pouring and simultaneous construction across multiple work faces, the construction speed of the rock wall crane beam concrete was effectively increased. Additionally, by strictly controlling the concrete pouring temperature and the interval between blasting and excavation, the construction quality of the concrete was ensured. Engineering practice verification shows that the concrete construction technology of the rock wall crane beam performs well in the application in the underground powerhouse of the pumped storage power station.