In order to solve the problems of river environment pollution resulted from the development of city and excessive exploitation of river, and make people live in harmony with the river, taking the river management in Lake Biwa Basin as an example, the author of this paper thinks that the sustainable utilization of the water conservancy project should be considered from the angle of living environmentalism which is one of the theory of sociology; and during the river and basin management, people should put emphasis on the restoration of biodiversity, increasing the river vigor, implementing a policy that the management department and the local residents participate together.