The water resource situation in Xi’an area was investigated. According to relevant literatures and statistic yearbooks, the causes of water resource shortage in Xi’an area was analyzed. The results show that the problem of water resource shortage in Xi’an area is the result of both natural restriction and impact of the human activities, natural restriction being the minor factor and human activities being the major factor. Countermeasures for improving the situation of water resources shortage were put forward: to protect water source, to limit the exploitation of groundwater strictly, to plan and construct water conservancy engineering reasonably and set up a platform of water resources management and water environment monitoring, to increase the number of sewage treatment plant and improve the technology of sewage treatment.