A comprehensive review was made respectively to the research progress of pollutant migration characteristics and mathematical simulation in the following four different stages: the adsorption and settlement process from the entry point to the bed surface of sedimentation hydrophobic organic compounds, the migration and extension process of pollutants along the bed surface, the precipitation pollutants’ resuspension and release process to overlying water, the migration process of pollutants in overlying water including convective diffusion, adsorption-desorption, self-purification, volatilization and settlement. The purpose of this study is to provide the basic theory and technological references for water quality risk prediction after such kind of pollutants enter the surface water in accident cases.