The Yellow River-to-Baiyangdian Water Transfer Project will be built in order to alleviate the groundwater over-exploitation in Hebei Province and to provide ecological water supplement to the Baiyangdian area. Using the relevant parameters regarding the Weishan Yellow River-to-Hebei Water Transfer Project and other related research results, analysis and simulation were carried out to examine six scenario plans developed in this study, in order to investigate the effect of the project on the surface water environment along the water transfer routes and in the Baiyangdian area. The results are as follows: after the implementation of water pollution control along the water transfer routes and when the water quality at the intake meets the requirements of the water function area, multi-year averages of water quality indicators at cross-sections along the route can meet all grade III standards except for total nitrogen. In addition, the Yellow River-to-Baiyangdian Water Transfer Project can effectively improve the surface water environment along the water transfer routes and in the Baiyangdian area. It is suggested that automatic water quality monitoring stations should be set up at the cross-sections in order to solve the existing problems in the initial period of operation. Once the water quality exceeds the standards, water transfer into the Baiyangdian area should be stopped immediately to ensure water safety during the initial period.