In this study, a water poverty and urbanization evaluation index system for Xinjiang was established. A subjective and objective integrated weighting method was used to determine the weight of each index, and a coupling coordination degree model was constructed. The model was used to analyze the level of coupling coordination between water poverty and urbanization in Xinjiang from 2000 to 2014. The results show that the water poverty index of Xinjiang has increased gradually and the water resources conditions have been improved; the comprehensive development index of urbanization is gradually increasing, and the level of urbanization is increasing as well; and the degree of coupling coordination between water poverty and urbanization has gradually developed from a status close to disorder to intermediate coordination.