This paper has reviewed the aggregation, sedimentation, dissolution and other behaviors and influence factors(pH, ionic strength, natural organic matter, inorganic colloid and hydrodynamic force)of typical ENMs that are likely to occur in aquatic environment. These water environment conditions affect the behaviors of nanoparticles by means of electrostatic interaction, steric hindrance, bridging and complexation with dissolved ions mechanism. In view of current insufficient research in this regard, future studies are proposed to focus on nanomaterials behaviors under natural environmental conditions, such as lower concentration of nanomaterials and the interactions between nanomaterials and natural colloids in order to provide a theoretical basis for further research and prediction of the fates of ENMs in water.