The driving mechanisms of atmospheric CO₂ concentration rise and climate change induced water eutrophication were reviewed. The increase of CO₂ concentration can promote the proliferation of phytoplankton. The increase of water temperature will aggravate the stratification of water body, make the bottom hypoxia more serious, intensify the release of sediment nutrients, and promote the growth of planktonic algae. The change of water ice age will be conducive to the change of algae population and structure. The increase of precipitation variability and the probability of heavy precipitation will aggravate the loss of nitrogen in soil and lead to the increase of nutrient concentration in water. The solar radiation weakening will lead to the reduction of underwater light, accelerate the decline and death of submerged plants, promote the growth of phytoplankton and further deteriorate the underwater light environment. The reduction of wind speed can prolong the stratification time of water body, improve the stability of water body, cause hypoxia at the bottom and increase the release of sediment nutrients. Strong winds and waves caused by tropical cyclones such as typhoons can promote the release of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body, which is conducive to the increase of cyanobacteria cell clusters and greater buoyancy. The rainstorm will also bring the surrounding nutrients into the water body and promote the growth of algae. The above main characteristics of climate change will also interact to increase the risk of water eutrophication, and then have a series of indirect effects on the whole aquatic ecosystem. The key points of future research are pointed out, which include the impact of climate change on aquatic ecosystem, the interaction mechanism between the main characteristics of climate change and aquatic ecosystem, contribution rate of internal and external source pollution and climate change to water eutrophication, countermeasures of aquatic ecosystem to deal with climate change, etc. Keywords: climate change; CO₂ concentration; water temperature rise; solar radiation; precipitation variability[FL