Aiming at the consumption of water and energy in economic and social development, this paper makes a bidirectional quantitative analysis on the energy consumption in the process of water resources development and utilization and the water consumption in the process of energy production. A bidirectional accounting method was used to estimate the total water consumption in the current production situation of major energy industries and the total energy consumption in water resources utilization in China, and explore the relationship between water and energy. The results show that there is a close relationship between water and energy; water consumption in thermal power generation is the largest, followed by those in hydropower generation and production of raw coal, crude oil, and natural gas, and water consumption in solar power generation is the smallest, with the calculated result of the water consumption in main energy production processes accounting for about 3.14% of the total national water consumption in 2016; in the process of water resources utilization, energy consumption in surface water intaking is the largest, and that of unconventional water source processing and utilization is relatively small, with the calculated result of the energy consumption in water resources utilization in China accounting for about 2.44% of the total national energy consumption in 2016. Keywords: water-energy nexus; water consumption in energy production; energy consumption in water resources utilization; quota method; bidirectional consumption calculation〖FL