In order to explore the impact of urbanization on shallow groundwater quality in Daxing District, nitrate, total hardness, and total dissolved solids (TDS) were selected as the evaluation indexes, and the spatial interpolation and regional analysis tool of ArcGIS was used to extract water quality values of the study area according to the administrative boundary based on the collected water quality data of shallow groundwater in Daxing District from 2006 to 2016. Then, set pair analysis was used to determine the groundwater quality grade of each region, and the dynamic evolution law of groundwater quality in Daxing District was evaluated and analyzed with partial connection number. Results indicated that the nitrate index was mainly related to water quality of Class Ⅰ to Ⅳ, the total hardness index was mainly related to water quality of Class Ⅲ to Ⅴ, and the TDS index was mainly related to water quality of Class Ⅲ and Ⅳ; the groundwater quality grade of the study area showed a slow growth trend, and groundwater quality had a deterioration tendency; in terms of the spatial distribution, the comprehensive groundwater quality grade and TDS index-based groundwater quality grade were the highest in northern region, followed by those in southern and central regions, the nitrate index-based groundwater quality grade was the highest in northern region, followed by that in central and southern regions, and the total hardness index-based groundwater quality grade was the highest in southern region, followed by that in central and northern regions. According to the analysis results of the dynamic evolution trend of groundwater quality in the study area based on partial connection number, the support degree to grade-Ⅱ groundwater quality of different indices was the highest; the support degrees to the comprehensive groundwater quality, total hardness index-based groundwater quality, and TDS index-based groundwater quality of grade-Ⅲ were higher than those of grade-Ⅰ from 2013 to 2016, demonstrating deterioration tendencies of the corresponding groundwater quality in this period; the support degree to nitrate index-based groundwater quality of grade-Ⅰ was higher that of grade-Ⅲ,demonstrating an overall trend of improvement in nitrate index-based groundwater quality, however, the nitrate index-based groundwater quality continued to deteriorate in northern region of Daxing District.