Ecological environmental problems, such as ecological degradation caused by river and lake barriers, accelerated wetland shrinkage caused by lake reclamation, ecological imbalance caused by mountain forest damage, increased pressure of ecological restoration caused by agricultural non-point source pollution, and urban expansion threatening water ecological security, exist in the Chaohu Lake Basin. Focusing on the ecological protection and restoration objective of a peaceful, clear-water, ecological and beautiful Chaohu Lake from the perspectives of the integrity of the Chaohu Lake ecosystem and the river basin system, the paper puts forward engineering measures such as water diversion, hydraulic control, returning reclaimed land to wetland, restoring wetlands, mine restoration, construction of ecological conservation forests, water conservation, farmland conservation, structural adjustment, river regulation, cleaning water sources, and spatial control can promote the continuous optimization of the ecological pattern of the basin, steadily improve the ecosystem service function, effectively ensure that the water quality of Chaohu Lake is stable and reaches class Ⅳ, the nutritional status index is less than 55, and the fish biomass increases by more than 10%. The technical route and mode of pollution control, ecological restoration, and comprehensive control proposed in the implementation plan for the integrated protection and restoration of mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland in Chaohu Lake have reference value for the protection and restoration of similar lakes in terms of overall promotion ideas and priority arrangement of governance measures.