In response to the issue of the rising groundwater level in the front edge of the Bayin River alluvial fan in the Qaidam Basin, which seriously affects the daily life and safety of the people in the area, investigations on the current status of water resource utilization, hydrogeological supplementary drilling, hydrogeological exploration, and soil and water sample testing were conducted and the disaster characteristics of the rising groundwater level in the study area were clarified. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to study the weights of various influencing factors leading to groundwater rise disasters from the perspectives of hydrological meteorology, terrain and geomorphological characteristics, hydrogeological conditions, and human activities. The results show that the increase in runoff, increase in precipitation of the study area, water diversion irrigation and groundwater dynamic conditions are the main factors contributing to the increase in groundwater level, with a total weight of 0.7642.