To scientifically recognize the status of spatial equilibrium and spatial distribution characteristics of water resources in China, an evaluation system of water resources spatial equilibrium was constructed based on analysis on the connotation of water resources spatial equilibrium. Taking 333 prefectural districts and 4 municipalities directly under the central government in China as the study objects, the spatial equilibrium status of water resources in each region was measured and analyzed with spatial correlation. The results show that the spatial equilibrium status of each provincial district has the characteristic of large spatial differences. Among the 31 provincial administrative regions in China(excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan), a total of 17 provinces are in a state of spatial imbalance. The regions with poor spatial equilibrium are mainly located in the three Northeastern Provinces, the North China Plain, the Hexi Corridor, parts of South China and southern Xinjiang. There is a certain degree of aggregation in the spatial equilibrium of the study units, which are mainly in two patterns of high values aggregation or low values aggregation, with low-high aggregation and high-low aggregation patterns in scattered small regions coexisted.