Construct an evaluation index system for the human-water system in Wuhan, calculate the coupling degree and coupling coordinated degree of the human-water system in Wuhan from 2003 to 2020, and identify obstacle factors to the coupling coordinated development of the human-water system. The results showed that during the research period, the overall development index of the human and social system in Wuhan's human-water system showed an upward trend, while the development index of the water system was relatively low and showed a fluctuating trend, with an overall increase. The human-water system is in a high-level coupling state, developing from low-level coordination to intermediate coordination. From 2003 to 2011, the obstacle level of the human and social system was slightly higher than that of the water system, and the main obstacle factors were population urbanization rate, per capita disposable income, and the proportion of science and technology expenditure to GDP. From 2012 to 2020, the obstacle level of the human and social system significantly decreased, while the obstacle level of the water system significantly increased. The main obstacle factors were per capita water savings, and the proportion of employees in the water conservancy, environmental, and public facility management industries.