Based on the ecological footprint model, the spatial-temporal characteristics of ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of water and land resources in nine provinces along the Yellow River were discussed. The current coordination status of ecological carrying capacity of water and land resources was quantitatively analyzed by means of the coupling coordination degree model, and the coupling coordination level was classified. The results show that from 2006 to 2020, the ecological footprint of water resources per capita in the nine provinces had a downward trend, ranging from 0.70 to 0.78hm². Spatially, there was great difference between the ecological state of water resources of the nine provinces, except Sichuan, Qinghai, and Shaanxi, water resources of the other six provinces were in an unsustainable development state. From 2006 to 2020, the ecological footprint of land resources per capita in the nine provinces showed a significant upward trend, ranging from 2.87 to 5.13hm². Spatially, there was great difference in the ecological state of land resources, except Shandong, Sichuan, and Shaanxi provinces, the land resources of the other six provinces were in an unsustainable state. The coupling coordination degree of ecological carrying capacity of water and land resources in the nine provinces was in the range of 0.2 to 0.6, and most provinces were out of adjustment. In general, the ecological conditions of water and land resources in the nine provinces are poor, and the coordinated development of water and land resources should be highly valued.