In order to analyze the impact of key factors on transboundary river water resource disputes, an evaluation index system of transboundary river water resource disputes is established based on the transboundary river dispute database (TFDD) , and the weight of evaluation index was calculated by XGBoost algorithm; the impacts of national population density, per capita domestic renewable fresh water resources, regional factors, event types, basin area and event month on transboundary river water resource disputes are analyzed; six representative rivers were selected for the focused analysis of disputes. The main problem types of each representative river are counted, and the representative problems leading to transboundary river water resource disputes are analyzed. The results show that the population density of the countries involved, the amount of domestic renewable freshwater resources per capita, and regional factors have the greatest impact on water resource disputes in transboundary rivers; representative issues that trigger water resource disputes in transboundary rivers include regional climate characteristics, water pollution, and infrastructure construction, etc.