Based on precipitation samples collected in Wuhan City from 2019 to 2023, this study employed statistical analysis and the HYSPLIT model to investigate the variations in precipitation stable isotopes and their relationships with local meteorological factors, moisture sources, and regional-scale cloud cover. The results indicate that precipitation stable isotopes exhibit a seasonal pattern, with depletion during the summer monsoon and enrichment during the winter monsoon. No significant amount effect was observed in any period, while a temperature effect was only evident during the winter monsoon. Six moisture transport pathways influencing Wuhan’s precipitation were identified. Compared to precipitation of continental origin, marine-origin precipitation showed significantly lower δ¹⁸O and d-excess values. On a regional scale, during the summer monsoon, δ¹⁸O in precipitation exhibited a significant negative correlation with total cloud cover, high-level cloud cover, and mid-level cloud cover over the preceding 10 days. The region with the strongest correlation overlapped with areas of convective activity, located upstream along the oceanic moisture transport trajectory. The findings suggest that the variations in precipitation stable isotopes in Wuhan City are jointly influenced by moisture sources and upstream convective processes.