In order to scientifically construct the “Jingchu Anlan” modern water network, based on data such as water resources, water supply and consumption, and economic and social indicators in Hubei Province, the water resources spatial equilibrium evaluation method was adopted. Taking 2019 as the current situation scenario and 2035 as the water network optimization layout scenario, the spatial equilibrium evaluation of water resources in Hubei Province was carried out separately. The results indicate that under the current situation scenario, the spatial equilibrium of water resources in Hubei Province is in an unbalanced state. Among them, the three regions in southeastern, northwestern, and southwestern Hubei are in a high-quality balanced state, while the three regions in central southern, northeastern, and northern Hubei are in an unbalanced state. Under the water network optimizing layout scenario, the spatial equilibrium of water resources in Hubei Province is in a high-quality equilibrium state. After the completion of the “Jingchu Anlan” modern water network, the water-saving level in Hubei Province has been further improved, and the construction of water resource allocation projects has gradually advanced. The spatial equilibrium of water resources in Hubei Province will be greatly improved, and the water shortage problem in the central and northern regions will be solved, effectively improving the spatial equilibrium of water resources in Hubei Province.