To investigate the hydrochemical characteristics, controlling factors, and potential risks to human health of shallow groundwater in the middle reaches of the Beiru River Basin, 52 shallow groundwater samples were collected. Statistical analysis and hydrochemical graphical methods were employed to reveal the chemical composition of groundwater and its controlling mechanisms. The entropyweighted water quality index (EWQI) method was used to evaluate the current groundwater quality status, and the human health risk assessment (HHRA) model was applied to assessing the potential health risks of Mn2+. The results indicate that the main cations in groundwater are Ca2+ and Na+, while the main anions are HCO-3 and SO2-4. The predominant hydrochemical type is HCO3Mg·Ca, followed by SO4·ClCa·Mg, mainly influenced by the carbonate mineral weathering. The proportions of shallow groundwater quality classified as excellent, good, medium, and poor are 9.62%, 75.00%, 9.62%, and 5.77%, respectively, with no samples categorized as very poor. Mn2+ is identified as the most significant factor affecting water quality. The noncarcinogenic risk values for both drinking water and dermal contact routes are both below 1, indicating an overall low risk. The longterm health risk of Mn2+ ingestion through drinking water requires continued attention.