基于误差校正融合模型的自适应带宽洪水区间预报
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(1.西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西 杨凌 712100;2.西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西 杨凌 712100;3.陕西省水文水资源勘测中心,陕西 西安 710068 )

作者简介:

康艳(1977—),女,副教授,博士,主要从事水文模拟与水资源调控研究。E-mail:kangyan@nwsuaf.edu.cn

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基金项目:

国家自然科学基金面上项目(52579022,52379026);内蒙古自治区水利科技专项(202501010505A);中国水利水电科学研究院内蒙古阴山北麓草原生态水文国家野外科学观测研究站开放基金项目(YSS202508);陕西省水利科技项目(2019slkj-14)


Adaptive bandwidth flood interval forecasting based on error-corrected hybrid model
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(1.Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;2.College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;3.Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710068, China)

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    摘要:

    针对小流域洪水产汇流过程复杂、洪水突发性强、物理机制模型预报精度不高等问题,采用以物理机制模型为主的误差校正型和以深度学习模型为主的机理引导型两种融合方式构建了HYMOD、GR4J与LSTM模型的融合模型,探讨了不同融合模型的模拟性能,采用自适应带宽核密度估计(ABKDE)开展了不同预见期洪水区间预报。以陕西黑河小流域洪水预报为例评估了各模型预报性能,结果表明:HYMOD、GR4J、LSTM等单一模型能够提供可靠的预报结果,且深度学习模型LSTM优于物理机制模型HYMOD和GR4J,而HYMOD模型比GR4J模型模拟性能更加稳定;融合模型既保留了物理模型的可解释性,又提高了洪水预报的精度,预报性能较单一模型有显著提高,纳什效率系数提升了3.66%~70.51%;误差校正融合模型的预报性能优于机理引导融合模型,其中误差校正融合模型HYMOD-LSTM预报效果最优;HYMOD-LSTM模型在90%置信水平下的预测区间覆盖率超过92%,表现出良好的性能,能够有效反映预报洪水过程的不确定性,且基于ABKDE的洪水区间预报结果合理可靠,体现了ABKDE良好的自适应调节能力。

    Abstract:

    To address the issues of complex flood generation and concentration processes, sudden flood occurrence, and low prediction accuracy of physical mechanism models in small watersheds, two kinds of hybrid methods, namely the errorcorrected hybrid models mainly based on physical mechanism models and the mechanismguided hybrid model mainly based on deep learning models were constructed by using the HYMOD, GR4J, and LSTM models. The simulation performance of different hybrid methods was explored, and the adaptive bandwidth kernel density estimation (ABKDE) was also proposed for flood interval forecasting with different lead times. With the typical small watershed of the Heihe River in Shaanxi Province as an example, the flood forecasting performance of each model was evaluated. The results show that the single models, including the HYMOD, GR4J, and LSTM models can provide reliable forecast results, and the deep learning model LSTM is superior to the physical mechanism models HYMOD and GR4J, while the simulation performance of the HYMOD model is more stable than that of the 〖JP2〗GR4J model. The hybrid models not only retain the interpretability of the physical model, but also improve the accuracy of flood forecasting, with the Nash efficiency coefficient increasing by 3.66% to 70.51%, demonstrating a significant improvement in forecasting performance compared to the single models. The errorcorrected hybrid models have better forecasting performance than the mechanismguided hybrid models, among which the errorcorrected hybrid model HYMODLSTM has the best forecasting effect. The prediction interval coverage probability of the HYMODLSTM model at the 90% confidence level exceeds 92%, demonstrating excellent performance of the model. The HYMODLSTM model can effectively reflect the uncertainty of the forecasted flood process, and the results of flood interval forecasting based on ABKDE are reasonable and reliable, reflecting the good adaptive adjustment ability of ABKDE.

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康艳,艾慧茹,彭仁娟,等.基于误差校正融合模型的自适应带宽洪水区间预报[J].水资源保护,2025,41(5):106-114, 131.(KANG Yan, AI Huiru, PENG Renjuan, et al. Adaptive bandwidth flood interval forecasting based on error-corrected hybrid model[J]. Water Resources Protection,2025,41(5):106-114, 131.(in Chinese))

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  • 在线发布日期: 2025-09-21
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