The study proposed an assessment framework for agricultural water-saving potential oriented toward ecological health, and evaluated the agricultural water-saving potential for ecological health in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation District as a case study. Taking groundwater level as a rigid constraint for ecological water level, we determined the ecological groundwater level of the study area to be 2.5 m. With this ecological water level as a rigid constraint, the water intake-saving potential considering ecological health in the irrigation district was identified as 540 million m³, while the water consumption-saving potential was only 140 million m³. Among the water consumption-saving potential, farmland water consumption savings accounted for 92%, and natural ecological water consumption savings accounted for 8%. If the irrigation district adopts higher-intensity water-saving measures, the natural ecosystem may struggle to maintain stability, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of the irrigation district.