In order to clarify spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of the capacity for conservation, intensive and safe utilization of water resources in China, the evaluation system of the capacity for conservation, intensive and safe utilization of water resources has been established based on socio-economic-natural complex ecosystem theory and socio-ecological system theory, from the perspective of the complex system of “socio-economic-ecological-water resources”. The integrated evaluation model combining “the ideal solution model, the hierarchical equal-weight method, the coefficient of variation approach, barrier model, and panel Tobit model” is established, to evaluate the capacity for conservation, intensive and safe utilization of water resources in China. The research indicates that the capacity for conservation, intensive and safe utilization of water resources among China’s provinces exhibits a fluctuating upward trend. By 2023,21 provinces had a value exceeding 0.8, with Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, and Henan being relatively optimal. Regarding internal influencing factors, social system presents the lowest obstacle degree, while economic and ecological systems demonstrate a gradual decrease in their obstacle degree. Water resources system exhibits the highest obstacle degree. And the top five obstacle factors are ranked as follows:reclaimed water utilization efficiency, the proportion of ecological water resources to water consumption, water consumption per 10000 yuan of service sector value-added, water leakage rate in supply networks, the proportion of groundwater to total water supply. Regarding external influencing factors, the positive effects of economic development levels, industrial structure, degree of government intervention, and technological innovation capacity are significant, while water resource endowment and foreign investment levels exert a certain degree of restraint. The impact of technological innovation capability on enhancing the capacity for the conservation, intensive and safe utilization of water resources is the most significant. Keywords: comprehensive system of socio-economic-ecological-water resources; capacity for conservation, intensive and safe utilization of water resources; ideal solution model; obstacle degree model; Tobit model; China 〖FL