To scientifically quantify the comprehensive management effectiveness of groundwater over-exploitation in Beijing, this research constructed an evaluation index system consisting of 13 core indicators by using hydrometeorological data, groundwater dynamics data, and management measure data from 2018 to 2024. The evaluation results of the AHP-GRA-based subjective-objective integrated weighting method and the entropy weight-CRITIC dual-objective coupled weighting method were compared, and the maximum information coefficient was utilized to verify the applicability of the two weighting methods. The results indicated that the entropy weight-CRITIC method was identified as the optimal method, which yielded evenly distributed coupled weights with a coefficient of variation of 0.11. The maximum information coefficient between the comprehensive evaluation index calculated via the entropy weight-CRITIC method and the groundwater level variation amplitude affected by comprehensive management reached 0.60, demonstrating that its evaluation results were more consistent with actual conditions. Significant differences in effectiveness were observed among the six governance dimensions including water control, management, conservation, regulation, replacement and recharge. The replacement dimension exhibited the most drastic fluctuation, the conservation dimension showed a marginally diminishing trend, while the recharge dimension maintained a continuously increasing tendency. The comprehensive management effectiveness evolved in three distinct stages:driven by policies, the comprehensive evaluation index peaked at 1.54 in 2019; it declined to a trough value of 0.85 during 2020-2022, and rebounded to 0.93 during 2023-2024, approximating the level of the baseline year