In order to study the characteristics of fish community structure and seasonal changes of fish functional groups in Jinan area, 20 provincial and municipal water environment monitoring points were selected in spring(May), summer(August)and autumn(November)in 2015 to conduct field investigation on the characteristics of fish community and water environment physical and chemical factors. The composition and spatial structure of fish community were analyzed by using Shannon-Wiener index and functional group division of fish community. The results show that the number of fish species is 6 orders and 34 species, mainly Cyprinidae. The highest number of fish species is in spring and the lowest is in autumn. Four groups and fourteen functional groups are classified. In spring, sticky eggs, nesting and oviposition, and sensitive functional groups are the main functional groups. In summer, insect-feeding groups, pollution resistance groups, upper and middle functional groups are the main functional groups. In autumn, omnivorous, carnivorous, phytophagous, floating eggs, moderate pollution resistance, special spawning and functional groups of middle and lower layers are the main functional groups. Canonical correspondence analysis show that the main environmental factors affecting fish functional groups in spring, summer and autumn are conductivity, total phosphorus and total nitrogen. The water in Jinan is seriously disturbed by human activities, and the water is moderately polluted.