Abstract:The characteristics of water environment problems in China, the mechanism and characterization of water ecological environment problems are analyzed. The conceptual connotation and main characteristics of aquatic ecological civilization are discussed. It is believed that water ecological civilization is guided by the concept of ecological civilization, aiming at ensuring sustainable economic and social development and achieving stable and healthy aquatic ecosystem, forming a system of concepts, technologies and management achievements to regulate human behavior of using water, which runs through all aspects of water resources development, utilization, governance, allocation, conservation and protection, as well as water resources planning, construction and management. Harmony between man and water is the soul of water ecological civilization construction. Ensuring sustainable economic and social development and realizing stable and healthy aquatic ecosystem are two basic points for the construction of aquatic ecological civilization.