In order to provide technical support for the assessment and comprehensive management of the pollution of shallow lakes, the advantages and disadvantages of traditional sampling techniques and in-situ sampling techniques are compared based on the analysis of the presence of As pollutants in lakes, the transformation between forms, and the factors affecting the biological effectiveness of As. The results show that it is easy to reabsorb, dissolve and redistribute arsenic in the process of sample collection and determination for the traditional sampling techniques, which cannot truly reflect arsenic contamination and migration and transformation processes. In in-situ sampling techniques, Peeper, DET, DGT, etc. can better assess the As bioavailability of lake, but such techniques ignore the interaction between sediments and overlying water, resulting in the accumulation process can not directly quantify the target elements. And it ignores the impact of microbial changes on the measurement, so the measurement process still needs to be further optimized. Both traditional sampling techniques and new in-situ measurement techniques have obvious disadvantages. Therefore, the combination of sampling analysis techniques can reduce the error of As pollution concentration.