In order to study the characteristics and rules of river health evaluation indexes and their weights, 150 representative literatures were selected through literature research, and 41 typical evaluation cases were statistically analyzed. The results show that different literatures divide the river health evaluation criteria layer in a unified way, but the selection of indicator layer and the value of weight are quite different. The river health assessment is divided into five parts: hydrology, water quality, biology, habitat physics and economic service function, which are generally recognized in the assessment criteria layer. The expected values of corresponding weights are 0. 15, 0. 21, 0. 18, 0. 22 and 0. 24, respectively. The indicators of river health assessment mainly include runoff change rate, water quality standard rate of water function area, fish integrity index, benthos integrity index, riparian vegetation coverage rate, river connectivity, wetland retention rate, natural vegetation coverage rate of the basin, water resource utilization rate and riparian landscape suitability. The corresponding normalized weight expectation values are 0. 15, 0. 21, 0. 11, 0. 07, 0. 09, 0. 07, 0. 06, 0. 09, 0. 08 and 0. 07.