In order to analyze the equilibrium state of water resources in spatial distribution, development and utilization, and economic benefits, the Gini coefficient and coordinated development degree method were used to calculate the spatial equilibrium coefficient of water resources based on the load index of water resources, the matching coefficient of water and soil resources and the water use benefits. The equilibrium of the load index of water resources, the matching coefficient of water and soil resources and the water use benefits were analyzed and the reasonable weight was determined. Taking 31 provincial administrative regions as calculation units, the national water resource spatial equilibrium coefficient in 2017 was calculated. The results show that the pressure of water resources in each provincial administrative region is extremely unbalanced, and the matching of water and soil resources is quite different. There is a certain relationship between water use efficiency and economic and social development. The water use efficiency of coastal areas with relatively developed economy is significantly higher than that of central and western areas. The national water resources are in disequilibrium in temporal and spatial distribution, development and utilization, as well as in the supporting role of economic and social development.