In order to further promote the comprehensive treatment of water environment in Taihu Basin and provide decision reference for Taihu Lake water ecological desilting, the content of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients in Taihu Lake sediment, as well as their horizontal distribution and vertical changes were analyzed based on the survey results of Taihu Lake polluted sediment investigation project conducted by Taihu Basin Authority in 2018, comparing with those of mud investigation at the end of 2003. The results show that the total phosphorus is mainly distributed in the bottom mud of Zhushan Lake in the depth of 0-30 cm, and the high content of total nitrogen and organic matter are mainly distributed in Zhushan Lake and East Taihu Lake. After the effective control of external pollution, the ecological dredging project is beneficial to reduce the nutrient content of the surface sediment in the lake area.