On the basis of analyzing the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of water resources in Xinjiang, the evolution trends of water resources in Xinjiang under different climate patterns are analyzed. Based on the understanding of the mechanism of adaptive utilization of water resources, the countermeasures and strategic framework of adaptive utilization of water resources in Xinjiang under changing environment are put forward. The results show that the precipitation in Xinjiang will increase in the coming period, and the annual average precipitation under different climate patterns will increase by 15. 6%, 20. 8% and 22. 2% respectively, which will lead to the change of water resources. Under this condition, the adaptive utilization strategy of water resources is studied, and three support systems of engineering support, policy support and science and technology support are put forward, the aim is to provide reference for realizing the goals of rational development and utilization of water resources, sustainable development of economy and society, protection of ecological environment and harmony between human and water.