Based on Landsat and HJ1A /1B remote sensing data, measured water quality data, and spectral data, using the relationship between suspended particulate materials(SPM), chlorophyll-a(Chl-a)concentrations and optical properties of water, an inversion model was established. The spatiotemporal evolution of SPM and Chl-a mass concentrations and their influencing factors were simulated. The results showed that with the implementation of the south to North Water Diversion Project, the changes of SPM and Chl-a mass concentrations in Dongping Lake in spring showed three significant stages from 1985 to 2015. The correlation between SPM and Chl-a mass concentrations was negative in general, especially in the high SPM concentration area, with the highest correlation coefficient of -0.86. In the process of water diversion, the sediment resuspension caused by runoff increases the mass concentration of SPM, while the dilution effect of water diversion injection decreases the mass concentration of Chl-a. The distribution of SPM and Chl-a mass concentrations in the first and second stages was mainly affected by pollution and purse seine culture in the Dawen River Basin. The third stage was mainly affected by the flow velocity, flow direction and other hydrodynamic factors.