The improved output coefficient method was used to estimate the agricultural non-point source pollution(ANP)emissions in 2016 in China. The environmental impact and pollution severity of ANP were evaluated by unit area load coefficient and equal standard pollution load index, respectively. The pollution emission characteristics were identified by cluster analysis, and the change of ANP emissions and its main sources were analyzed. The results showed that the nitrogen and phosphorus emissions of ANP in China in 2016 were 2. 943 million tons and 0. 331 million tons respectively, and farmland planting and livestock breeding were the main sources of total nitrogen and phosphorus emissions respectively. Compared with 2007, the nitrogen and phosphorus emissions of ANP in China increased by 8. 8% and 16. 4% respectively in 2016, which mainly came from livestock breeding.