Affected by the continuous heavy rainfall since the end of June, 2020 and the flooding of the mainstream of the Yangtze River, the water level of Poyang Lake increased quickly and a super-historical flood occurred. Based on a review of the current situation of the Poyang Lake flood control system, including reservoirs, dikes, flood storage and detention areas, and non-engineering measures, the rainfall regime, water regime, and disaster characteristics of the flood event are analyzed, and the effectiveness and shortcomings of the Poyang Lake flood control system are summarized in this paper. It is suggested that we should adapt to natural rhythms of rivers and lakes, learn to coexist with floods, and coordinate the relationship between lake governance and protection. Some ideas for flood control are also proposed, including defense of key areas, the combinations of restraint and diversion, manpower and technology, as well as engineering and non-engineering measures, and flood risk management.