Based on the analysis of the concept of high-quality development of water conservancy, the judgment criteria based on the four abilities of flood and drought disaster prevention, intensive and safe utilization of water resources, water resources optimal allocation and ecological protection and management of rivers and lakes was proposed. The evaluation system of high-quality development of water conservancy was constructed, and the current situation of high-quality development of water conservancy in 31 provinces in China was evaluated based on entropy-cloud model. The results show that most eastern provinces are better in flood and drought disaster prevention ability. In terms of intensive and safe utilization capacity of water resources, provinces along the Yellow River, Haihe River Basin and southeast coast area perform well. In terms of the ability of water resources optimize allocation, the Yangtze River and Pearl River basins perform better. In terms of ecological protection and management of rivers and lakes, the southwest and middle-east area are outstanding. The uncertainty analysis of water conservancy high quality evaluation results show that the water conservancy high quality development system has high complexity and there is room for further improvement.