To analyze the spatio-temporal evolution trend of groundwater drought and its dynamic response to meteorological drought in Northwest China(NWC), the groundwater storage change was quantitatively evaluated by GRACE and GLDAS data and the groundwater drought index GRACE-GDI was constructed to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of groundwater drought. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the dynamic response relationship of groundwater drought with meteorological drought. The results show that the groundwater storage in NWC generally decreased at the rate of 0. 25 cm/a. The frequency of groundwater drought in the Hexi Corridor, Liupan Mountains and southern Qinghai was relatively high, while in southern Shaanxi and the Qaidam Basin was relatively low. The average annual groundwater drought area in NWC was 29. 0%. There existed obvious spatial heterogeneity in the response relationship between groundwater drought and meteorological drought with 59. 3% of the area having a significant positive correlation. The response degree increased in the Junggar Basin, Turpan Basin, Qinghai Lake Basin and Altai Mountain due to the climate warming and improved vegetation. The drought response time in NWC mainly ranged from 1 to 6 and 19 to 24 months.