Based on monthly data from ERA-5, this paper analyzed the droughts (Standardized Precipitation Index, SPI) and hot extremes (Standardized Temperature Index, STI) during summer 2022 in the Yangtze River Basin and its effects from the perspective of compound extremes. The results show that this event in the Yangtze River Basin affected the largest area since 1979, reducing water supply, affecting agricultural production and public health, leading to the imbalance of power supply and demand, and increasing the risk of forest fire. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen research on compound hot extremes and droughts from multiple aspects, including the physical mechanisms, joint monitoring and prediction, impact assessment, joint dispatching, and adaptation measures.