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2024,40(4):1-8 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.04.001
Abstract:
Taking the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Huai River basins as research objects, based on the standardized drought-wetness abrupt alternation index, this study explores the characteristics and driving factors of drought-flood abrupt alternation in typical arid and humid areas using methods such as trend analysis, change point test, wavelet analysis, and random forest. The results indicate that the humid/semi-humid areas are the high-frequency occurrence areas of extreme drought-flood abrupt alternation events, and the arid areas are the high-frequency occurrence areas of extreme drought to flood events. The mutation in arid areas occurred in 1998, while the mutation in humid areas occurred in 1978. In the future, arid areas are more prone to drought to flood events, while humid areas are the opposite. The contribution of meteorological factors to the rapid transition of drought and flood is greater in humid areas, and the impact of atmospheric circulation on arid areas is prominent. There is a non-linear relationship between the rapid transition of drought and flood and different driving factors. Keywords: drought-flood abrupt alternation; standardized drought-wetness abrupt alternation index; atmospheric circulation; Yangtze River Basin; Yellow River Basin; Huai River Basin 〖FL
Taking the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Huai River basins as research objects, based on the standardized drought-wetness abrupt alternation index, this study explores the characteristics and driving factors of drought-flood abrupt alternation in typical arid and humid areas using methods such as trend analysis, change point test, wavelet analysis, and random forest. The results indicate that the humid/semi-humid areas are the high-frequency occurrence areas of extreme drought-flood abrupt alternation events, and the arid areas are the high-frequency occurrence areas of extreme drought to flood events. The mutation in arid areas occurred in 1998, while the mutation in humid areas occurred in 1978. In the future, arid areas are more prone to drought to flood events, while humid areas are the opposite. The contribution of meteorological factors to the rapid transition of drought and flood is greater in humid areas, and the impact of atmospheric circulation on arid areas is prominent. There is a non-linear relationship between the rapid transition of drought and flood and different driving factors. Keywords: drought-flood abrupt alternation; standardized drought-wetness abrupt alternation index; atmospheric circulation; Yangtze River Basin; Yellow River Basin; Huai River Basin 〖FL
2024,40(4):9-16 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.04.002
Abstract:
Taking the GF-1 remote sensing image as the data source and the Dongfanghong Reservoir in Tunxi Watershed, Huangshan City, Anhui Province as the research object, five kinds of water and land pixel measurement methods, including single band threshold method, two band difference method, band ratio method, normalized difference water index
Taking the GF-1 remote sensing image as the data source and the Dongfanghong Reservoir in Tunxi Watershed, Huangshan City, Anhui Province as the research object, five kinds of water and land pixel measurement methods, including single band threshold method, two band difference method, band ratio method, normalized difference water index
2024,40(4):17-26, 47 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.04.003
Abstract:
Based on Vine Copula, which can accurately describe the correlation between high-dimensional variables, and considering the spatial correlation of short-term runoff forecasting errors, a risk estimation model for short-term power generation scheduling of cascade reservoirs was constructed. The model was applied to the Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba, and Three Gorges reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and the short-term power generation scheduling risks of single reservoirs and cascade reservoirs caused by runoff forecasting errors were analyzed. The results show that the joint distribution based on C-vine Copula can better describe the error characteristics of daily runoff forecasting at Pingshan Station, Zhutuo Station, Cuntan Station, and Wulong Station. As the adjustable safety range of the reservoir increases, the risk rates of insufficient power generation and water abandonment in a single reservoir decrease, and the risk rate of insufficient power generation, joint risk rate of water abandonment, and co-occurrence risk rate of cascade reservoirs decrease. That is to say, the larger the regulating capacity of the reservoir, the smaller the risk it bears. Keywords: power generation operation risk; Vine Copula; cascade reservoirs; short-term runoff forecasting error; Xiluodu Reservoir; Xiangjiaba Reservoir; Three Gorges Reservoir 〖FL
Based on Vine Copula, which can accurately describe the correlation between high-dimensional variables, and considering the spatial correlation of short-term runoff forecasting errors, a risk estimation model for short-term power generation scheduling of cascade reservoirs was constructed. The model was applied to the Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba, and Three Gorges reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and the short-term power generation scheduling risks of single reservoirs and cascade reservoirs caused by runoff forecasting errors were analyzed. The results show that the joint distribution based on C-vine Copula can better describe the error characteristics of daily runoff forecasting at Pingshan Station, Zhutuo Station, Cuntan Station, and Wulong Station. As the adjustable safety range of the reservoir increases, the risk rates of insufficient power generation and water abandonment in a single reservoir decrease, and the risk rate of insufficient power generation, joint risk rate of water abandonment, and co-occurrence risk rate of cascade reservoirs decrease. That is to say, the larger the regulating capacity of the reservoir, the smaller the risk it bears. Keywords: power generation operation risk; Vine Copula; cascade reservoirs; short-term runoff forecasting error; Xiluodu Reservoir; Xiangjiaba Reservoir; Three Gorges Reservoir 〖FL
2024,40(4):27-35, 81 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.04.004
Abstract:
Guided by the concepts of spatial control and target control in the Regulations on Groundwater Management, this study classifies the current research progress and status of groundwater overexploitation control and dual control of groundwater quantity and water level systems. Summary are that the research on groundwater overexploitation control system is increasingly closely integrated with China’s specific national conditions, but the relevant management systems and norms still need to be improved urgently. The groundwater overexploitation control system clearly defines the division standards for areas that have already experienced overexploitation, but lacks a unified and comprehensive groundwater resource control zoning standard. The dual control system of groundwater quantity and water level overcomes the limitations of unilateral control of water level or water quantity, failure to consider the inherent relationship between groundwater level and water quantity, and difficulty in effectively alleviating ecological and environmental problems caused by changes in water level or water quantity. The difficulty in the study of water volume and water level dual control system lies in the fact that the water level in the point distribution can be monitored to control the mining output of the areal distribution. It is suggested to control the groundwater exploitation in a certain period by managing the water level in a specific time, or control the point water level by controlling the areal mining output. Keywords: groundwater overexploitation control; groundwater management; dual control of groundwater quantity and water level 〖FL
Guided by the concepts of spatial control and target control in the Regulations on Groundwater Management, this study classifies the current research progress and status of groundwater overexploitation control and dual control of groundwater quantity and water level systems. Summary are that the research on groundwater overexploitation control system is increasingly closely integrated with China’s specific national conditions, but the relevant management systems and norms still need to be improved urgently. The groundwater overexploitation control system clearly defines the division standards for areas that have already experienced overexploitation, but lacks a unified and comprehensive groundwater resource control zoning standard. The dual control system of groundwater quantity and water level overcomes the limitations of unilateral control of water level or water quantity, failure to consider the inherent relationship between groundwater level and water quantity, and difficulty in effectively alleviating ecological and environmental problems caused by changes in water level or water quantity. The difficulty in the study of water volume and water level dual control system lies in the fact that the water level in the point distribution can be monitored to control the mining output of the areal distribution. It is suggested to control the groundwater exploitation in a certain period by managing the water level in a specific time, or control the point water level by controlling the areal mining output. Keywords: groundwater overexploitation control; groundwater management; dual control of groundwater quantity and water level 〖FL
Assessment on dynamic risk of urban flooding and waterlogging disaster based on multi-agent models//
2024,40(4):36-47 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.04.005
Abstract:
Based on the demand for population dynamic risk assessment during urban flood and waterlogging disasters, a multi-agent model based dynamic risk assessment method for urban flood and waterlogging disasters was proposed on the basis of urban hydrologic-hydrodynamic models. The operation rules of disaster-producing environment agent, disaster-causing agent and disaster-bearing agent were set, respectively, and the communication mechanism among multiple agents was proposed to achieve the quantitative assessment of population dynamic risk during urban flooding and waterlogging disaster. A typical drainage area of the Qinghe River Basin in Haidian District of Beijing City was selected as an example, SWMM and LISFLOOD-FP models were used to simulate the flood disaster process under the scenario of design rainfall with the return period of 50 a, and based on NetLogo model, the risk assessment model of urban flood and waterlogging disaster victims was developed to assess the population dynamic risk in the study area. The results showed that under the scenario of design storm with the return period of 50 a, the flood and waterlogging risk area in the study area increased from 0.608 km2 with a rainfall duration of T=4 h to 2.202 km2 with T=30 h. Under conventional simulation scenarios, the low-risk population in the study area continues to decline while the high-risk population continues to rise. Ultimately, the stable proportion of low-risk population is 75.75%, while the stable proportion of high-risk population is 22.85%. With the implementation of the risk avoidance strategy, the number of low-risk population in the study area first decreased and then increased, with the smallest number of 92.30% at T = 4.5 h while the number of high-risk population first increased and then decreased, with the highest number of 7.07%, and finally the stable number of low-risk population was 100%. Keywords: multi-agent model; urban flooding and waterlogging disaster; population dynamic risk; risk avoidance strategy; hydrologic-hydrodynamic model 〖FL
Based on the demand for population dynamic risk assessment during urban flood and waterlogging disasters, a multi-agent model based dynamic risk assessment method for urban flood and waterlogging disasters was proposed on the basis of urban hydrologic-hydrodynamic models. The operation rules of disaster-producing environment agent, disaster-causing agent and disaster-bearing agent were set, respectively, and the communication mechanism among multiple agents was proposed to achieve the quantitative assessment of population dynamic risk during urban flooding and waterlogging disaster. A typical drainage area of the Qinghe River Basin in Haidian District of Beijing City was selected as an example, SWMM and LISFLOOD-FP models were used to simulate the flood disaster process under the scenario of design rainfall with the return period of 50 a, and based on NetLogo model, the risk assessment model of urban flood and waterlogging disaster victims was developed to assess the population dynamic risk in the study area. The results showed that under the scenario of design storm with the return period of 50 a, the flood and waterlogging risk area in the study area increased from 0.608 km2 with a rainfall duration of T=4 h to 2.202 km2 with T=30 h. Under conventional simulation scenarios, the low-risk population in the study area continues to decline while the high-risk population continues to rise. Ultimately, the stable proportion of low-risk population is 75.75%, while the stable proportion of high-risk population is 22.85%. With the implementation of the risk avoidance strategy, the number of low-risk population in the study area first decreased and then increased, with the smallest number of 92.30% at T = 4.5 h while the number of high-risk population first increased and then decreased, with the highest number of 7.07%, and finally the stable number of low-risk population was 100%. Keywords: multi-agent model; urban flooding and waterlogging disaster; population dynamic risk; risk avoidance strategy; hydrologic-hydrodynamic model 〖FL
2024,40(4):48-55, 91 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.04.006
Abstract:
Based on the characteristics of urban waterlogging before, during, and after its occurrence, the resilience theory was introduced into urban waterlogging management, and waterlogging resilience system in Zhengzhou City was constructed. An assessment model was established using variable fuzzy sets, contribution degree, and obstacle degree to analyze the changes in the waterlogging resilience of Zhengzhou City and the main influencing factors. The results showed that from 2001 to 2020, the waterlogging resilience level of Zhengzhou City was relatively high in the initial stage. However, as the “urban disease” gradually became prominent, the resilience level decreased from 3.2 in 2001 to 2.9 in 2020, reaching a moderate resilience level that can be restored to its original state through self-regulation. The early stage of waterlogging resilience in the system layer played an important role in the urban waterlogging resilience system, with an average contribution of 41%. The urban drainage network was the most critical limiting factor in the development of waterlogging resilience, with an average obstacle degree of 16%. The limiting factors including public transportation service capacity were also an indispensable part of improving the resilience level of urban waterlogging, and the sum of its obstacles was 15% higher than the key limiting factors. The level of urban waterlogging resilience of Zhengzhou City is average, and it is necessary to strengthen the urban drainage network and other aspects to enhance the resilience of waterlogging. Keywords: urban waterlogging resilience; variable fuzzy set; contribution degree; obstacle degree; Zhengzhou City 〖FL
Based on the characteristics of urban waterlogging before, during, and after its occurrence, the resilience theory was introduced into urban waterlogging management, and waterlogging resilience system in Zhengzhou City was constructed. An assessment model was established using variable fuzzy sets, contribution degree, and obstacle degree to analyze the changes in the waterlogging resilience of Zhengzhou City and the main influencing factors. The results showed that from 2001 to 2020, the waterlogging resilience level of Zhengzhou City was relatively high in the initial stage. However, as the “urban disease” gradually became prominent, the resilience level decreased from 3.2 in 2001 to 2.9 in 2020, reaching a moderate resilience level that can be restored to its original state through self-regulation. The early stage of waterlogging resilience in the system layer played an important role in the urban waterlogging resilience system, with an average contribution of 41%. The urban drainage network was the most critical limiting factor in the development of waterlogging resilience, with an average obstacle degree of 16%. The limiting factors including public transportation service capacity were also an indispensable part of improving the resilience level of urban waterlogging, and the sum of its obstacles was 15% higher than the key limiting factors. The level of urban waterlogging resilience of Zhengzhou City is average, and it is necessary to strengthen the urban drainage network and other aspects to enhance the resilience of waterlogging. Keywords: urban waterlogging resilience; variable fuzzy set; contribution degree; obstacle degree; Zhengzhou City 〖FL
2024,40(4):56-64 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.04.007
Abstract:
Taking the Kowloon Peninsula of Hong Kong in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as the study area, considering the urban terrain, buildings, and drainage network elements, a waterlogging disaster model under the superposition of storm surge and extreme rainstorm was constructed, and a variety of waterlogging prevention and control methods were quantitatively evaluated. The results show that the waterlogging disaster model can accurately reflect key physical quantities such as the extent of inundation and water depth at different locations. Check valves and baffles can weaken the amplification effect of storm surges on urban waterlogging by cutting off seawater backflow channels. Under the superposition of a 1 000 a return period storm surge and extreme rainstorms, the overflow rate of the pipeline network decreases by 14.8% and the net drainage volume increases by 5.7% after the addition of check valves in area near Yenchow Street, Shamshuipo, West Kowloon. The addition of a 1 m baffle at Container Terminal No. 8 reduces the inundated area by 26%. Underground flood storage ponds reduce the level of inundation around the perimeter by pooling and storing surface runoff, which reduces the inundation of the Boundary Street Playground by up to 34% under the condition of a 100 a rainfall return period rainfall event. Keywords: storm surge; extreme rainstorm; superimposed effect; urban waterlogging prevention and control method; Kowloon Peninsula 〖FL
Taking the Kowloon Peninsula of Hong Kong in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as the study area, considering the urban terrain, buildings, and drainage network elements, a waterlogging disaster model under the superposition of storm surge and extreme rainstorm was constructed, and a variety of waterlogging prevention and control methods were quantitatively evaluated. The results show that the waterlogging disaster model can accurately reflect key physical quantities such as the extent of inundation and water depth at different locations. Check valves and baffles can weaken the amplification effect of storm surges on urban waterlogging by cutting off seawater backflow channels. Under the superposition of a 1 000 a return period storm surge and extreme rainstorms, the overflow rate of the pipeline network decreases by 14.8% and the net drainage volume increases by 5.7% after the addition of check valves in area near Yenchow Street, Shamshuipo, West Kowloon. The addition of a 1 m baffle at Container Terminal No. 8 reduces the inundated area by 26%. Underground flood storage ponds reduce the level of inundation around the perimeter by pooling and storing surface runoff, which reduces the inundation of the Boundary Street Playground by up to 34% under the condition of a 100 a rainfall return period rainfall event. Keywords: storm surge; extreme rainstorm; superimposed effect; urban waterlogging prevention and control method; Kowloon Peninsula 〖FL
2024,40(4):65-72, 108 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.04.008
Abstract:
To clarify the impact mechanism of technology innovation on water use efficiency, a spatial econometric model was used to construct the impact effect model and contribution model of technology innovation level on water use efficiency.Based on panel data from 2009 to 2021, the technology innovation index and water use efficiency index in the Beijing-Tianjin- Hebei Region were calculated, and the elasticity coefficient and contribution rate of the technology innovation level to water use efficiency in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region were evaluated.The results indicate that the technology innovation index and water use efficiency index in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region show a stable growth trend, and both are evolve in the same direction.The impact of technology innovation level on water use efficiency in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region is positively significant and there are spatial differences. For every 1% increase in technology innovation level in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, water use efficiency increases by 2.684%, 0.918%, and 1.365%, respectively. The contribution rates of technology innovation level to water use efficiency in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei are 50.47%, 45.74%, and 62.59%, respectively. The contribution rate of technology innovation level to water use efficiency in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region from 2009 to 2021 shows a segmented fluctuation pattern influenced by technological iteration, policy issuance, and water use structure optimization. Keywords: technology innovation; water use efficiency; elasticity coefficient; contribution rate; Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region 〖FL
To clarify the impact mechanism of technology innovation on water use efficiency, a spatial econometric model was used to construct the impact effect model and contribution model of technology innovation level on water use efficiency.Based on panel data from 2009 to 2021, the technology innovation index and water use efficiency index in the Beijing-Tianjin- Hebei Region were calculated, and the elasticity coefficient and contribution rate of the technology innovation level to water use efficiency in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region were evaluated.The results indicate that the technology innovation index and water use efficiency index in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region show a stable growth trend, and both are evolve in the same direction.The impact of technology innovation level on water use efficiency in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region is positively significant and there are spatial differences. For every 1% increase in technology innovation level in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, water use efficiency increases by 2.684%, 0.918%, and 1.365%, respectively. The contribution rates of technology innovation level to water use efficiency in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei are 50.47%, 45.74%, and 62.59%, respectively. The contribution rate of technology innovation level to water use efficiency in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region from 2009 to 2021 shows a segmented fluctuation pattern influenced by technological iteration, policy issuance, and water use structure optimization. Keywords: technology innovation; water use efficiency; elasticity coefficient; contribution rate; Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region 〖FL
2024,40(4):73-81 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.04.009
Abstract:
Based on the water footprint method, the water scarcity in the Yellow River Basin is evaluated from a comprehensive perspective of water quantity-water quality-ecology water demand. The results showed that the blue water footprint and grey water footprint of the Yellow River Basin are 52.65 billion and 305.62 billion m3, respectively. When only considered water quantity and ecology water, the water scarcity pressure of the Yellow River Basin is low, of which 85.4% of the cities are under low water scarcity pressure and only 10.1% are under extreme water pressure. After incorporating water quality factors, only 15.7% of the cities are under low water scarcity pressure, and 64.0% are under extreme water pressure. Water quality has greatly exacerbated the water scarcity in the basin. It is suggested to jointly promote water resources management and protection, and to facilitate water-saving technologies and water recycling. Efforts should focus on improving agricultural water use efficiency and strengthening pollution control to alleviate the conflict between economic development and water constraints in the Yellow River Basin. Keywords: water quantity-water quality-ecology water demand; blue water footprint; grey water footprint; water scarcity; Yellow River Basin 〖FL
Based on the water footprint method, the water scarcity in the Yellow River Basin is evaluated from a comprehensive perspective of water quantity-water quality-ecology water demand. The results showed that the blue water footprint and grey water footprint of the Yellow River Basin are 52.65 billion and 305.62 billion m3, respectively. When only considered water quantity and ecology water, the water scarcity pressure of the Yellow River Basin is low, of which 85.4% of the cities are under low water scarcity pressure and only 10.1% are under extreme water pressure. After incorporating water quality factors, only 15.7% of the cities are under low water scarcity pressure, and 64.0% are under extreme water pressure. Water quality has greatly exacerbated the water scarcity in the basin. It is suggested to jointly promote water resources management and protection, and to facilitate water-saving technologies and water recycling. Efforts should focus on improving agricultural water use efficiency and strengthening pollution control to alleviate the conflict between economic development and water constraints in the Yellow River Basin. Keywords: water quantity-water quality-ecology water demand; blue water footprint; grey water footprint; water scarcity; Yellow River Basin 〖FL
2024,40(4):82-91 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.04.010
Abstract:
Based on precipitation data of the Qinghai Lake Basin from 2010 to 2020, the ANUSPLIN interpolation method was used to invert the spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation in the Qinghai Lake Basin.A digital watershed model of the Qinghai Lake Basin was constructed by combining hydrological, meteorological, and earth remote sensing interpretation data, and the model parameters were calibrated and verified.The model was applied to explore the impact of underlying surface changes on watershed hydrological processes, analyze the evolution laws and driving mechanisms of water cycle in the Qinghai Lake Basin, and conduct sensitivity analysis on key parameters.The results show that during the calibration and validation periods, the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients of the Buhahekou Station are 0.72 and 0.67, respectively, while those of the Gangcha Station are 0.81 and 0.84, indicating that the digital watershed model is suitable for simulating long-term spatiotemporal sequences of precipitation in the Qinghai Lake Basin.The vertical and the horizontal infiltration rates of soil mainly affect the peak of runoff, with the horizontal infiltration rate of surface soil being the most sensitive.The soil porosity and initial water content mainly affect the base flow of runoff, with the initial water content of the middle soil being the most sensitive. Keywords: digital watershed model; ANUSPLIN interpolation method; underlying surface; sensitivity analysis;Qinghai Lake Basin 〖FL
Based on precipitation data of the Qinghai Lake Basin from 2010 to 2020, the ANUSPLIN interpolation method was used to invert the spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation in the Qinghai Lake Basin.A digital watershed model of the Qinghai Lake Basin was constructed by combining hydrological, meteorological, and earth remote sensing interpretation data, and the model parameters were calibrated and verified.The model was applied to explore the impact of underlying surface changes on watershed hydrological processes, analyze the evolution laws and driving mechanisms of water cycle in the Qinghai Lake Basin, and conduct sensitivity analysis on key parameters.The results show that during the calibration and validation periods, the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients of the Buhahekou Station are 0.72 and 0.67, respectively, while those of the Gangcha Station are 0.81 and 0.84, indicating that the digital watershed model is suitable for simulating long-term spatiotemporal sequences of precipitation in the Qinghai Lake Basin.The vertical and the horizontal infiltration rates of soil mainly affect the peak of runoff, with the horizontal infiltration rate of surface soil being the most sensitive.The soil porosity and initial water content mainly affect the base flow of runoff, with the initial water content of the middle soil being the most sensitive. Keywords: digital watershed model; ANUSPLIN interpolation method; underlying surface; sensitivity analysis;Qinghai Lake Basin 〖FL
2024,40(4):92-98, 147 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.04.011
Abstract:
A variable infiltration capacity
A variable infiltration capacity
2024,40(4):99-108 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.04.012
Abstract:
A framework for analyzing water policy evolution was constructed based on machine learning, text measurement, and knowledge graph. With 252 water policy documents issued in Wuhan City from 2001 to 2021 taken as research samples, a keyword dictionary construction technique based on the Word2Vec model and a keyword hotness calculation method were proposed to explore water policy evolution laws of Wuhan City from two aspects of policy Keywords and policy instrument. The results show that water policy evolution in Wuhan City experienced three stages during the study period, including initial exploration, comprehensive management, and ecological priority, and a relatively complete water policy system was initially formed. The focus of water policy gradually shifted from water supply and demand to ecological civilization construction. Policy instruments were dominated by the type of command and control, and the economic incentive policy instruments demonstrated a decreasing trend, while the proportions of the technology-supporting policy instruments and public participation policy instruments increased. Water policy development is currently facing problems such as a relatively weak concept of systemic governance, insufficient attention to flood prevention and control, and an imbalance in types and structures of policy instruments. In the future, the water policy system can be improved from aspects of adhering to systemic water management, enhancing flood control and drainage capacity, and improving the structure of policy instruments. Keywords: water policy; policy evolution; text measurement; policy instrument; Wuhan City 〖FL
A framework for analyzing water policy evolution was constructed based on machine learning, text measurement, and knowledge graph. With 252 water policy documents issued in Wuhan City from 2001 to 2021 taken as research samples, a keyword dictionary construction technique based on the Word2Vec model and a keyword hotness calculation method were proposed to explore water policy evolution laws of Wuhan City from two aspects of policy Keywords and policy instrument. The results show that water policy evolution in Wuhan City experienced three stages during the study period, including initial exploration, comprehensive management, and ecological priority, and a relatively complete water policy system was initially formed. The focus of water policy gradually shifted from water supply and demand to ecological civilization construction. Policy instruments were dominated by the type of command and control, and the economic incentive policy instruments demonstrated a decreasing trend, while the proportions of the technology-supporting policy instruments and public participation policy instruments increased. Water policy development is currently facing problems such as a relatively weak concept of systemic governance, insufficient attention to flood prevention and control, and an imbalance in types and structures of policy instruments. In the future, the water policy system can be improved from aspects of adhering to systemic water management, enhancing flood control and drainage capacity, and improving the structure of policy instruments. Keywords: water policy; policy evolution; text measurement; policy instrument; Wuhan City 〖FL
2024,40(4):109-117 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.04.013
Abstract:
Through laboratory test, different substrate conditions were simulated and the assembly patterns and functional changes of the bacterial community in the roots of Vallisneria natans were studied. The results show that changes in substrate conditions have a significant impact on the rhizosphere bacterial community of Vallisneria natans
Through laboratory test, different substrate conditions were simulated and the assembly patterns and functional changes of the bacterial community in the roots of Vallisneria natans were studied. The results show that changes in substrate conditions have a significant impact on the rhizosphere bacterial community of Vallisneria natans
2024,40(4):118-127 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.04.014
Abstract:
To determine the ecological water demand of the Beichuan River Basin, the linear trend method, Mann-Kendall test method, and Spearman test method were employed to analyze the trend of runoff change in the Beichuan River Basin during 1959-2013, and the Pettitt test, sliding t-test, sliding F-test, and cumulative departure method were utilized to comprehensively diagnose the runoff breakpoint. The ecological water demand in the river channel was calculated based on the outer envelope of ecological flow processes obtained with the Tennant method and improved equal frequency dynamic calculation method, and the ecological water demand outside the river channel was calculated with the SWAT model. The results demonstrate that the SWAT model is applicable in the study area, and the model performance meets the criterion of “good”. Precipitation and evapotranspiration simulated with the SWAT model show increasing trends, while water yield shows a decreasing trend. The runoff at Qiaotou Hydrological Station in the Beichuan River Basin decreased at 0.104 m3/s per year during the research period, and the runoff breakpoint occurred in 1990. The ecological water demand of the Beichuan River Basin was 295 million m3 in the river channel, and ranged from 995 million to 1 085 million m3 outside the river channel, making the total ecological water demand of 1 290 million to 1 380 million m3. Keywords: ecological water demand; hydrological method; runoff detection; SWAT model; Beichuan River Basin 〖FL
To determine the ecological water demand of the Beichuan River Basin, the linear trend method, Mann-Kendall test method, and Spearman test method were employed to analyze the trend of runoff change in the Beichuan River Basin during 1959-2013, and the Pettitt test, sliding t-test, sliding F-test, and cumulative departure method were utilized to comprehensively diagnose the runoff breakpoint. The ecological water demand in the river channel was calculated based on the outer envelope of ecological flow processes obtained with the Tennant method and improved equal frequency dynamic calculation method, and the ecological water demand outside the river channel was calculated with the SWAT model. The results demonstrate that the SWAT model is applicable in the study area, and the model performance meets the criterion of “good”. Precipitation and evapotranspiration simulated with the SWAT model show increasing trends, while water yield shows a decreasing trend. The runoff at Qiaotou Hydrological Station in the Beichuan River Basin decreased at 0.104 m3/s per year during the research period, and the runoff breakpoint occurred in 1990. The ecological water demand of the Beichuan River Basin was 295 million m3 in the river channel, and ranged from 995 million to 1 085 million m3 outside the river channel, making the total ecological water demand of 1 290 million to 1 380 million m3. Keywords: ecological water demand; hydrological method; runoff detection; SWAT model; Beichuan River Basin 〖FL
2024,40(4):128-136, 156 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.04.015
Abstract:
An ecological flow calculation method based on quartiles of hydrological ensemble is proposed to enhance the adaptability of river ecological flow threshold and guarantee rate calculation to natural hydrological regime changes. Long series of measured runoff data of a river were classified inter-annually and intra-annually according to different hydrological scenarios, and the lower limits of ecological flow threshold for flood season and non-flood season in a year were determined based on the median and lower quartile of the ecological flow hydrological ensemble. The ecological flow calculation results in wet and normal hydrological years were taken as the ideal values of ecological flow in normal and dry hydrological years, respectively, and the guarantee degree of ecological flow in the river on different time scales was analyzed based on the ecological flow guarantee rate for the mid-long and short terms. A case study of the lower Fuhe River shows that the analytical method that integrates ecological flow thresholds and multi-scale guarantee rates, is more adaptable to inter-annual and intra-annual changes in hydrological regime in natural rivers, and it can identify the hydrological health status of rivers more accurately. The average lower limits of ecological flow threshold of the lower Fuhe River were 156.49,90.43, and 29.54m3/s in wet, normal, and dry hydrological years, respectively. The guarantee degree of ecological flow in the lower Fuhe River was low on different time scales, and the ecological flow guarantee rate of mid-long term is higher than that of short term, with values ranging from 63.64% to 93.11% and 42.50% to 91.85%, respectively. Keywords: ecological flow; threshold; ecological flow guarantee rate; hydrological regime; lower Fuhe River 〖FL
An ecological flow calculation method based on quartiles of hydrological ensemble is proposed to enhance the adaptability of river ecological flow threshold and guarantee rate calculation to natural hydrological regime changes. Long series of measured runoff data of a river were classified inter-annually and intra-annually according to different hydrological scenarios, and the lower limits of ecological flow threshold for flood season and non-flood season in a year were determined based on the median and lower quartile of the ecological flow hydrological ensemble. The ecological flow calculation results in wet and normal hydrological years were taken as the ideal values of ecological flow in normal and dry hydrological years, respectively, and the guarantee degree of ecological flow in the river on different time scales was analyzed based on the ecological flow guarantee rate for the mid-long and short terms. A case study of the lower Fuhe River shows that the analytical method that integrates ecological flow thresholds and multi-scale guarantee rates, is more adaptable to inter-annual and intra-annual changes in hydrological regime in natural rivers, and it can identify the hydrological health status of rivers more accurately. The average lower limits of ecological flow threshold of the lower Fuhe River were 156.49,90.43, and 29.54m3/s in wet, normal, and dry hydrological years, respectively. The guarantee degree of ecological flow in the lower Fuhe River was low on different time scales, and the ecological flow guarantee rate of mid-long term is higher than that of short term, with values ranging from 63.64% to 93.11% and 42.50% to 91.85%, respectively. Keywords: ecological flow; threshold; ecological flow guarantee rate; hydrological regime; lower Fuhe River 〖FL
2024,40(4):137-147 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.04.016
Abstract:
According to practical requirements of water transfer in west route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, an idea of multi-method comprehensive determination of ecological water demand process in water source area was proposed based on method comparison, target adjustment, feasibility verification, and the ecological base flow in dry and non-dry periods, sensitive ecological water demand, and annual ecological water volume targets at 10 dam site sections were formulated. The results indicate that the ecological base flow at dam site sections in the water source area accounts for approximately 20% of the multi-year average flow in dry period, increasing to about 40% in non-dry period. The period from March to June is critical for fish spawning, necessitating monthly pulse flow events lasting at least 10 days each, and the pulse flow accounts for 48% to 73% of the total multi-year average flow. The proportion of the average annual ecological water volume at dam site sections to the multi-year average runoff is approximately 70%, and the proportion varies from 68% to 78% during high-flow years, from 66% to 75% during moderately dry years, and from 61% to 70% during drought years. These findings comply with current control requirements in the Yangtze River Basin, demonstrating good practical feasibility. Keywords: ecological water demand; ecological base flow; sensitive ecological water demand; annual ecological water volume; west route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project 〖FL
According to practical requirements of water transfer in west route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, an idea of multi-method comprehensive determination of ecological water demand process in water source area was proposed based on method comparison, target adjustment, feasibility verification, and the ecological base flow in dry and non-dry periods, sensitive ecological water demand, and annual ecological water volume targets at 10 dam site sections were formulated. The results indicate that the ecological base flow at dam site sections in the water source area accounts for approximately 20% of the multi-year average flow in dry period, increasing to about 40% in non-dry period. The period from March to June is critical for fish spawning, necessitating monthly pulse flow events lasting at least 10 days each, and the pulse flow accounts for 48% to 73% of the total multi-year average flow. The proportion of the average annual ecological water volume at dam site sections to the multi-year average runoff is approximately 70%, and the proportion varies from 68% to 78% during high-flow years, from 66% to 75% during moderately dry years, and from 61% to 70% during drought years. These findings comply with current control requirements in the Yangtze River Basin, demonstrating good practical feasibility. Keywords: ecological water demand; ecological base flow; sensitive ecological water demand; annual ecological water volume; west route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project 〖FL
2024,40(4):148-156 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.04.017
Abstract:
To study the impact of environmental regulations on regional development efficiency through water resources utilization in water source area of middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, baseline regression model, mediation effect model, and threshold effect model were constructed to empirically analyze the relationships between environmental regulations, water resources utilization efficiency, and high-quality economic development based on panel data of 12 cities in water source area of middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project from 2005 to 2022. The results show that environmental regulations have a positive promoting effect on high-quality economic development, and the promoting effect is heterogeneous in different regions. The promoting effect of environmental regulations is more significant in areas with low water consumption, while in areas with high water consumption, the abundance of water resources restricts the promoting effect of environmental regulations on high-quality economic development. In the areas affected by environmental regulations, water resources utilization efficiency plays a significant mediation role in the process of high-quality economic development,and the mediation effect of water resources utilization efficiency accounts for 13.5% of the overall promoting effect of environmental regulations. Water resources utilization efficiency exhibits a threshold effect in the impact of environmental regulations on high-quality economic development. When the water resources utilization efficiency exceeds 4.3, the promoting effect of environmental regulations on high-quality economic development is significantly enhanced. Keywords: environmental regulations; high-quality economic development; water resources utilization efficiency; mediation effect; threshold effect；middle route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project 〖FL
To study the impact of environmental regulations on regional development efficiency through water resources utilization in water source area of middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, baseline regression model, mediation effect model, and threshold effect model were constructed to empirically analyze the relationships between environmental regulations, water resources utilization efficiency, and high-quality economic development based on panel data of 12 cities in water source area of middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project from 2005 to 2022. The results show that environmental regulations have a positive promoting effect on high-quality economic development, and the promoting effect is heterogeneous in different regions. The promoting effect of environmental regulations is more significant in areas with low water consumption, while in areas with high water consumption, the abundance of water resources restricts the promoting effect of environmental regulations on high-quality economic development. In the areas affected by environmental regulations, water resources utilization efficiency plays a significant mediation role in the process of high-quality economic development,and the mediation effect of water resources utilization efficiency accounts for 13.5% of the overall promoting effect of environmental regulations. Water resources utilization efficiency exhibits a threshold effect in the impact of environmental regulations on high-quality economic development. When the water resources utilization efficiency exceeds 4.3, the promoting effect of environmental regulations on high-quality economic development is significantly enhanced. Keywords: environmental regulations; high-quality economic development; water resources utilization efficiency; mediation effect; threshold effect；middle route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project 〖FL
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2020,36(1):1-8, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.01.001
Abstract:
The biorentention facility for sponge city construction is a typical ecological technology suitable for decentralized rainwater treatment and utilization. However, at present, there are still some problems restricting its operational efficiency and service life. The key technologies and research progresses of bioretention facilities in sponge city construction are reviewed. It is pointed out that the development of high efficiency purifying filler, the establishment of pollutant migration and transformation model, the optimization of design parameters, the risk assessment of organic micro-pollutants accumulation and the construction of remediation technology will become the hot spot in the future research of bioretention facilities for sponge city construction.
The biorentention facility for sponge city construction is a typical ecological technology suitable for decentralized rainwater treatment and utilization. However, at present, there are still some problems restricting its operational efficiency and service life. The key technologies and research progresses of bioretention facilities in sponge city construction are reviewed. It is pointed out that the development of high efficiency purifying filler, the establishment of pollutant migration and transformation model, the optimization of design parameters, the risk assessment of organic micro-pollutants accumulation and the construction of remediation technology will become the hot spot in the future research of bioretention facilities for sponge city construction.
2020,36(4):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.04.001
Abstract:
Based on the analysis of the existing methods of on-line discharge monitoring of hydrometry stations, this paper summarizes the latest research progress of velocity-area method and hydraulic method in on-line discharge monitoring. Cross section discharge was calculated based on local flow velocity, and the on-line discharge monitoring method based on velocity-area method is divided into three categories: index-velocity method, velocity distribution model method and surface velocity method. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of H-ADCP method, V-ADCP method, two-line energy slope method, radar method, particle image method, water measuring building method and hydraulic building method, and points out that further research will be carried out in improving online discharge monitoring accuracy, improving stability and promoting application.
Based on the analysis of the existing methods of on-line discharge monitoring of hydrometry stations, this paper summarizes the latest research progress of velocity-area method and hydraulic method in on-line discharge monitoring. Cross section discharge was calculated based on local flow velocity, and the on-line discharge monitoring method based on velocity-area method is divided into three categories: index-velocity method, velocity distribution model method and surface velocity method. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of H-ADCP method, V-ADCP method, two-line energy slope method, radar method, particle image method, water measuring building method and hydraulic building method, and points out that further research will be carried out in improving online discharge monitoring accuracy, improving stability and promoting application.
2019,35(1):1-5, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2019.01.001
Abstract:
Based on the analysis of the development process of comprehensive watershed management the basic concept of comprehensive watershed management is put forward, and a multi-dimensional nested theoretical framework of comprehensive watershed management system is constructed, including five dimensions of time, space, factor, process and regulation. Three key technical systems of comprehensive watershed management such as mechanism identification technology system, quantitative simulation technology system and optimization decision-making technology system are proposed, providing scientific support for the practices of comprehensive watershed management in China.
Based on the analysis of the development process of comprehensive watershed management the basic concept of comprehensive watershed management is put forward, and a multi-dimensional nested theoretical framework of comprehensive watershed management system is constructed, including five dimensions of time, space, factor, process and regulation. Three key technical systems of comprehensive watershed management such as mechanism identification technology system, quantitative simulation technology system and optimization decision-making technology system are proposed, providing scientific support for the practices of comprehensive watershed management in China.
2020,36(3):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.03.001
Abstract:
In the past century, great achievements have been made in global water management, which has provided key supports for sustainable development. However, the global water problems keep increasing, it is urgent to further improve water management modes. Based on the development history of water problems, this paper explored the causes of water problems, and analyzed the shortcomings of global water management modes from the aspects of objectives, overall framework, and technical approaches: in the current global water management modes, the natural properties of water cycle and its multi-processes have not been fully integrated, and there exists serious problems such as end-disposal and process-dissociation. The development suggestions for the future water control mode are put forward: from the perspective of coupling multi process mutual feed mechanism of basin water cycle, we should enhance the role of natural attributes and natural forces, and coordinate the function of multi-elements and multi-processes, building a Nature Enriched and Attributes Coordinated Watershed to manage the complex water problems systematically.
In the past century, great achievements have been made in global water management, which has provided key supports for sustainable development. However, the global water problems keep increasing, it is urgent to further improve water management modes. Based on the development history of water problems, this paper explored the causes of water problems, and analyzed the shortcomings of global water management modes from the aspects of objectives, overall framework, and technical approaches: in the current global water management modes, the natural properties of water cycle and its multi-processes have not been fully integrated, and there exists serious problems such as end-disposal and process-dissociation. The development suggestions for the future water control mode are put forward: from the perspective of coupling multi process mutual feed mechanism of basin water cycle, we should enhance the role of natural attributes and natural forces, and coordinate the function of multi-elements and multi-processes, building a Nature Enriched and Attributes Coordinated Watershed to manage the complex water problems systematically.
2020,36(2):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.02.001
Abstract:
In view of the nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin, an evaluation index system covering three criteria layers such as water resources, ecological environment and economic and society is constructed. The water resources carrying capacity of nine provinces in 2002, 2007, 2012 and 2017 was evaluated by the TOPSIS model combined with analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and entropy weight, and the evaluation results of the year of 2017 were diagnosed with obstacle factors. The results show that in the time dimension, the water resources carrying capacity of nine provinces shows an increasing trend, especially in Henan, Shandong and Inner Mongolia, and the improvement of water resources carrying capacity is closely related to the improvement of two criteria level related indicators such as eco-environment, economic society. In the spatial dimension, the water resources carrying capacity of the nine provinces does not reach the level of grade I(carriable level), and the spatial difference is obvious. Water production module, water resources per capita, water supply modulus, ecological water use rate, vegetation coverage rate, water consumption per 10 000 RMB of industrial added value and water consumption per 10 000 RMB of GDP are seven major obstacles, and there are significant differences of some obstacle factors in different provinces.
In view of the nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin, an evaluation index system covering three criteria layers such as water resources, ecological environment and economic and society is constructed. The water resources carrying capacity of nine provinces in 2002, 2007, 2012 and 2017 was evaluated by the TOPSIS model combined with analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and entropy weight, and the evaluation results of the year of 2017 were diagnosed with obstacle factors. The results show that in the time dimension, the water resources carrying capacity of nine provinces shows an increasing trend, especially in Henan, Shandong and Inner Mongolia, and the improvement of water resources carrying capacity is closely related to the improvement of two criteria level related indicators such as eco-environment, economic society. In the spatial dimension, the water resources carrying capacity of the nine provinces does not reach the level of grade I(carriable level), and the spatial difference is obvious. Water production module, water resources per capita, water supply modulus, ecological water use rate, vegetation coverage rate, water consumption per 10 000 RMB of industrial added value and water consumption per 10 000 RMB of GDP are seven major obstacles, and there are significant differences of some obstacle factors in different provinces.
2021,37(1):1-6, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2021.01.001
Abstract:
In order to quantitatively analyze and evaluate the spatial balance and spatial difference of water resources, the combined method of connection number and coupling coordination degree was used to evaluate the spatial balance of regional water resources. Considering the composite relationship of water resources, economic society and ecological environment, an evaluation index system for spatial balance of water resources composed of two systems of water resources carrying capcity and bearing pressure and 15 evaluation indexes was established. The weight of evaluation index was calculated by fuzzy analytic hierarchy process based on accelerating genetic algorithm, and a spatial balance evaluation method of water resources based on connection number and coupling coordination degree was proposed. Taking Anhui Province as an example, the results show that the evaluation method is reasonable when applied to the evaluation of water resources spatial balance, which can make up for the defect that the traditional coupling coordination degree can not reflect the uncertainty problem, and accurately reflect the coordination between systems and the overall development level.
In order to quantitatively analyze and evaluate the spatial balance and spatial difference of water resources, the combined method of connection number and coupling coordination degree was used to evaluate the spatial balance of regional water resources. Considering the composite relationship of water resources, economic society and ecological environment, an evaluation index system for spatial balance of water resources composed of two systems of water resources carrying capcity and bearing pressure and 15 evaluation indexes was established. The weight of evaluation index was calculated by fuzzy analytic hierarchy process based on accelerating genetic algorithm, and a spatial balance evaluation method of water resources based on connection number and coupling coordination degree was proposed. Taking Anhui Province as an example, the results show that the evaluation method is reasonable when applied to the evaluation of water resources spatial balance, which can make up for the defect that the traditional coupling coordination degree can not reflect the uncertainty problem, and accurately reflect the coordination between systems and the overall development level.
2015,31(6):76-80, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2015.06.012
Abstract:
The pollution capacity of 4 493 national key water function zones has been checked. Taking water quality status, pollution capacity and present pollution loads entering water body into consideration, the principles for the limitation of discharged pollution are put forward. The aimed results of the pollution control during 2020 and 2030 are as follow: COD will be 5. 852 million t/a and NH3-N will be 0. 526 million t/a in 2020 level year, COD will be 5. 430 million t /a and NH3-N will be 0. 465 million t /a in 2030 level year. The results of the pollution control in each province are analyzed, which show that the annual limitation of total amount of pollution discharged in most provinces is gradually decreasing, which is consistent with the increasing of water quality compliance rate. According to the pollution control scheme, the measures for enhancing management of the limitation of discharged pollution are proposed, including accelerate the construction of monitoring water resources, strengthen the supervision and administration of water function zones, strictly control the pollution loads entering water body, increase investment in water conservation, improve the system of policies and regulations, strengthen the propaganda and education and improve the mechanism of public participation.
The pollution capacity of 4 493 national key water function zones has been checked. Taking water quality status, pollution capacity and present pollution loads entering water body into consideration, the principles for the limitation of discharged pollution are put forward. The aimed results of the pollution control during 2020 and 2030 are as follow: COD will be 5. 852 million t/a and NH3-N will be 0. 526 million t/a in 2020 level year, COD will be 5. 430 million t /a and NH3-N will be 0. 465 million t /a in 2030 level year. The results of the pollution control in each province are analyzed, which show that the annual limitation of total amount of pollution discharged in most provinces is gradually decreasing, which is consistent with the increasing of water quality compliance rate. According to the pollution control scheme, the measures for enhancing management of the limitation of discharged pollution are proposed, including accelerate the construction of monitoring water resources, strengthen the supervision and administration of water function zones, strictly control the pollution loads entering water body, increase investment in water conservation, improve the system of policies and regulations, strengthen the propaganda and education and improve the mechanism of public participation.
2020,36(4):40-46, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.04.007
Abstract:
Water samples were collected and analyzed respectively at nine sampling sites along Zhengzhou section of Jialu River in July(water diversion time)and in September(no water diversion time), and then comprehensive water quality identification index method and factor analysis were applied for the evaluation of water quality and apportionment of pollution sources respectively. The results showed that the comprehensive water quality of the upper reaches of the Zhengzhou section of the Jialu River was of level II or III, the water quality of the mid-stream Lakes was classified as IV level, and the downstream water quality was classified as IV to worse than V level; the water quality of Suoxu River and Qili River were worse than V level, worse than V level and black smelly water, respectively. Water diversion from Yellow River to the Jialu river through Yangqiao main canal can only change the water quality of the nearest receiving area temporarily, with no obvious impact on the water quality of Zhengzhou section. Two factors can explain the information of 5 water quality indicators. In the lower reaches of the main stream and the tributaries, the representative indices TN, TP, NH+4-N of the first pollution factor are mainly related to the drainage of the municipal sewage treatment, while the representative indexes of the second pollution factor, CODCr and CODMn, are mainly related to the untreated sewage. The pollution of upper and middle reaches of the Jialu River are mainly non-point source pollution and endogenous pollution.
Water samples were collected and analyzed respectively at nine sampling sites along Zhengzhou section of Jialu River in July(water diversion time)and in September(no water diversion time), and then comprehensive water quality identification index method and factor analysis were applied for the evaluation of water quality and apportionment of pollution sources respectively. The results showed that the comprehensive water quality of the upper reaches of the Zhengzhou section of the Jialu River was of level II or III, the water quality of the mid-stream Lakes was classified as IV level, and the downstream water quality was classified as IV to worse than V level; the water quality of Suoxu River and Qili River were worse than V level, worse than V level and black smelly water, respectively. Water diversion from Yellow River to the Jialu river through Yangqiao main canal can only change the water quality of the nearest receiving area temporarily, with no obvious impact on the water quality of Zhengzhou section. Two factors can explain the information of 5 water quality indicators. In the lower reaches of the main stream and the tributaries, the representative indices TN, TP, NH+4-N of the first pollution factor are mainly related to the drainage of the municipal sewage treatment, while the representative indexes of the second pollution factor, CODCr and CODMn, are mainly related to the untreated sewage. The pollution of upper and middle reaches of the Jialu River are mainly non-point source pollution and endogenous pollution.
2019,35(4):1-8, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2019.04.001
Abstract:
This paper briefly described the surface water environment numerical models, including the development history, the application status, and the latest research results at home and abroad of hydrodynamic models, water quality models and water ecological models. Both methods of analyzing model sensitivity and uncertainty and problems of model precision were emphatically expounded. It is pointed out that the systematization, integration and platform construction of the model, the combination of innovation with emerging technologies supported by large data, and the related management issues such as model synthesis and regulation will become the future research hotspots in the field of water environment simulation and prediction.
This paper briefly described the surface water environment numerical models, including the development history, the application status, and the latest research results at home and abroad of hydrodynamic models, water quality models and water ecological models. Both methods of analyzing model sensitivity and uncertainty and problems of model precision were emphatically expounded. It is pointed out that the systematization, integration and platform construction of the model, the combination of innovation with emerging technologies supported by large data, and the related management issues such as model synthesis and regulation will become the future research hotspots in the field of water environment simulation and prediction.
2015,31(6):8-17, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2015.06.002
Abstract:
The research progress of ground water deep circulation was summarized. In the inner flow area of Tibet Plateau, the water resources present a huge imbalance, lakes and rivers have a strong leakage. The annual leakage of water is estimated to exceed 1 012 m3. Meanwhile, the groundwater in northern China is also showing a great imbalance. The volcano or rift valley areas, where the precipitation is very small, have a large number of springs gushing out into the rivers and lakes. Rivers and lakes in Inner Mongolia Plateau and Northeast China are beaded distribution in the north-east direction. By analyzing the groundwater supply source of Tianchi Lake in Changbai Mountains, it is determined that the main source of groundwater is from outside regions. The only area which can meet the altitude, isotope signature and others features like leakage at the same time is the inner flow area of Tibet plateau. Isotope signature of strontium and helium of groundwater in Northern China reveal the water rock interaction occurring between the deep-circle groundwater and mantle basalt. The high-conductivity and low-velocity layer in Baikal and Shanxi Rift Valley may be deep-circle groundwater pathways, wherein the basalt porous is conveyance structure. Deep-circle groundwater flowed out from the volcano and rift valley areas, springing water flowed into rivers and lakes. The geothermal gradient in the river source region is lower than the normal value. The leakage water of inner flow area of Tibet Plateau through the deep circulation transport to Inner Mongolia Plateau, Ordos, Alashan, North China Plain, Northeast China Plain, Lake Baikal, the East China Sea, South China Sea, etc. The age of groundwater is increasing, from west to east, generally between 20~40 a.
The research progress of ground water deep circulation was summarized. In the inner flow area of Tibet Plateau, the water resources present a huge imbalance, lakes and rivers have a strong leakage. The annual leakage of water is estimated to exceed 1 012 m3. Meanwhile, the groundwater in northern China is also showing a great imbalance. The volcano or rift valley areas, where the precipitation is very small, have a large number of springs gushing out into the rivers and lakes. Rivers and lakes in Inner Mongolia Plateau and Northeast China are beaded distribution in the north-east direction. By analyzing the groundwater supply source of Tianchi Lake in Changbai Mountains, it is determined that the main source of groundwater is from outside regions. The only area which can meet the altitude, isotope signature and others features like leakage at the same time is the inner flow area of Tibet plateau. Isotope signature of strontium and helium of groundwater in Northern China reveal the water rock interaction occurring between the deep-circle groundwater and mantle basalt. The high-conductivity and low-velocity layer in Baikal and Shanxi Rift Valley may be deep-circle groundwater pathways, wherein the basalt porous is conveyance structure. Deep-circle groundwater flowed out from the volcano and rift valley areas, springing water flowed into rivers and lakes. The geothermal gradient in the river source region is lower than the normal value. The leakage water of inner flow area of Tibet Plateau through the deep circulation transport to Inner Mongolia Plateau, Ordos, Alashan, North China Plain, Northeast China Plain, Lake Baikal, the East China Sea, South China Sea, etc. The age of groundwater is increasing, from west to east, generally between 20~40 a.
2015,31(2):7-14, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2015.02.002
Abstract:
Based on the drought monitoring theory and daily precipitation data covering the period of 1961 2010 in Xinjiang, we compared and analyzed the effectiveness and practicability of the effective drought index (EDI) and standardized precipitation indexes (SPI) based on different time scale (1 , 3 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 24 month). The result shows that EDI is more superior to SPI no matter for short term drought or long term drought. SPI of short term scale is greatly influenced by short duration precipitation, which obviously reflects the variation of drought and flood in short period in Xinjiang. With the expanding of time scale, SPI gradually loses its feedback from short duration precipitation. However, it can still reflect the obvious trend of drought and flood over the long term scale. Like SPI, EDI can also reflect the influence caused by short term drought and recent precipitation. Moreover, with the time passing by, EDI is able to give different weight to everyday precipitation considering the influence to the current drought statues caused by former precipitation. Relevant researches can provide significant theoretical basis to the drought monitoring in humid and some other climatic zones.
Based on the drought monitoring theory and daily precipitation data covering the period of 1961 2010 in Xinjiang, we compared and analyzed the effectiveness and practicability of the effective drought index (EDI) and standardized precipitation indexes (SPI) based on different time scale (1 , 3 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 24 month). The result shows that EDI is more superior to SPI no matter for short term drought or long term drought. SPI of short term scale is greatly influenced by short duration precipitation, which obviously reflects the variation of drought and flood in short period in Xinjiang. With the expanding of time scale, SPI gradually loses its feedback from short duration precipitation. However, it can still reflect the obvious trend of drought and flood over the long term scale. Like SPI, EDI can also reflect the influence caused by short term drought and recent precipitation. Moreover, with the time passing by, EDI is able to give different weight to everyday precipitation considering the influence to the current drought statues caused by former precipitation. Relevant researches can provide significant theoretical basis to the drought monitoring in humid and some other climatic zones.
2019,35(2):1-12, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2019.02.001
Abstract:
According to in-situ data analysis, the causes of eco-problem in hydro-environmental variation in recent year in Poyang Lake in the lower Yangtze River, and the effect of awidely concerned sluice gate at its outlet are discussed. It is revealed that 1)the ahead of time dry-up after flood seasons is mainly due to the reservoirs impoundment in the upper reach of the Yangtze River, that changed the runoff regime and caused an ahead-seasonal drying in water level for 2-4 m all the way along the Yangtze; 2)massive sand-mining in the outlet channel of Poyang Lake has destructed the natural hydraulic mechanism that elevated the pool in dry seasons, causing a 2 m lowering from February to march at Duchang; 3)retention of reservoirs in the Poyang basin and the general loweredsummer pool in Poyang lake also diminish the after-flood discharge of the lake(August to October), exacerbating the extreme drying especially for the lakes delta regions after season. A sluice gate at the lakes outlet can hold-up and even elevate the lakes pool, but it can also obstruct the migration of fishes for about half-year and impact the habitat and food sources for migratory birds and the water quality of the lake as it becomes an artificial impoundment from riverine regime by the gate in dry seasons. It is also worth worrying about more possible problems for the Yangtze ecosystem as a whole in habitat diversity from the gates, as dams will be thoroughly partitioned in addition to the Three Gorges dam, with more negative effect on fluvial morphology, water level in dry seasons, tidal limits and salt water intrusion. Finally, five countermeasures for comprehensive restoration of both the Yangtze and the Poyang Lake were proposed.
According to in-situ data analysis, the causes of eco-problem in hydro-environmental variation in recent year in Poyang Lake in the lower Yangtze River, and the effect of awidely concerned sluice gate at its outlet are discussed. It is revealed that 1)the ahead of time dry-up after flood seasons is mainly due to the reservoirs impoundment in the upper reach of the Yangtze River, that changed the runoff regime and caused an ahead-seasonal drying in water level for 2-4 m all the way along the Yangtze; 2)massive sand-mining in the outlet channel of Poyang Lake has destructed the natural hydraulic mechanism that elevated the pool in dry seasons, causing a 2 m lowering from February to march at Duchang; 3)retention of reservoirs in the Poyang basin and the general loweredsummer pool in Poyang lake also diminish the after-flood discharge of the lake(August to October), exacerbating the extreme drying especially for the lakes delta regions after season. A sluice gate at the lakes outlet can hold-up and even elevate the lakes pool, but it can also obstruct the migration of fishes for about half-year and impact the habitat and food sources for migratory birds and the water quality of the lake as it becomes an artificial impoundment from riverine regime by the gate in dry seasons. It is also worth worrying about more possible problems for the Yangtze ecosystem as a whole in habitat diversity from the gates, as dams will be thoroughly partitioned in addition to the Three Gorges dam, with more negative effect on fluvial morphology, water level in dry seasons, tidal limits and salt water intrusion. Finally, five countermeasures for comprehensive restoration of both the Yangtze and the Poyang Lake were proposed.
2017,33(1):1-8, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2017.01.001
Abstract:
Based on a review of the problems and challenges of sponge city construction in China, the concept and methodology of an urban water system integrating urban rainstorm-runoff, water pollution control, and an urban ecological greenbelt with wetland and municipal construction(drainage and sewage)are proposed. Based on hydrological theories, the concept of the control rate of total annual runoff, which is the most critical and difficult-to-quantify factor in the construction of a sponge city, is analyzed. It is pointed out that the currently calculated control rate of total annual runoff is actually the control rate of total annual precipitation. Hence, it is necessary to establish an internal relation with the gain factor of the response of the hydrological system, i. e. , the runoff coefficient. It also needs to be noted that the runoff coefficient is not a constant, but the time-varying nonlinearity of the combination of soil moisture, precipitation intensity, and the underlying surface. Additionally, the relationship between low impact development(LID)during sponge city construction and the improved control rate of total annual runoff are analyzed, in order to examine the conditions and risks of sea views in cities. Finally, it is suggested that the runoff coefficient nonlinearity, the differences in storage capacity between natural conditions and the conditions after urbanization, river and lake water system storage and land evapotranspiration, basin sponge regulation and control, and risk management should be strengthened on the hydrological basis of sponge city construction and planning. Some suggestions for future sponge city construction in China are put forward.
Based on a review of the problems and challenges of sponge city construction in China, the concept and methodology of an urban water system integrating urban rainstorm-runoff, water pollution control, and an urban ecological greenbelt with wetland and municipal construction(drainage and sewage)are proposed. Based on hydrological theories, the concept of the control rate of total annual runoff, which is the most critical and difficult-to-quantify factor in the construction of a sponge city, is analyzed. It is pointed out that the currently calculated control rate of total annual runoff is actually the control rate of total annual precipitation. Hence, it is necessary to establish an internal relation with the gain factor of the response of the hydrological system, i. e. , the runoff coefficient. It also needs to be noted that the runoff coefficient is not a constant, but the time-varying nonlinearity of the combination of soil moisture, precipitation intensity, and the underlying surface. Additionally, the relationship between low impact development(LID)during sponge city construction and the improved control rate of total annual runoff are analyzed, in order to examine the conditions and risks of sea views in cities. Finally, it is suggested that the runoff coefficient nonlinearity, the differences in storage capacity between natural conditions and the conditions after urbanization, river and lake water system storage and land evapotranspiration, basin sponge regulation and control, and risk management should be strengthened on the hydrological basis of sponge city construction and planning. Some suggestions for future sponge city construction in China are put forward.
2020,36(1):31-37, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.01.005
Abstract:
Based on the 30 m×30 m resolution Landsat remote sensing data, the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of vegetation coverage in Chabagou Watershed from 1987 to 2018 were analyzed, and the soil surface erosion level map of the watershed was generated to analyze its impact on runoff generation and sediment yield in the watershed. The results show that the vegetation coverage of Chabagou Watershed was increasing rapidly, from 24. 7% in 1987 to 53. 1% in 2018. The composition of vegetation coverage in the watershed had changed a lot. Since 2002, the proportion of medium and high coverage areas increased significantly, and the growth was mainly concentrated in hilly and gully areas. With the increase of vegetation coverage in the watershed, the runoff generation and sediment yield decreased, and the surface erosion decreased. The impact of vegetation on sediment yield was greater than that on runoff generation.
Based on the 30 m×30 m resolution Landsat remote sensing data, the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of vegetation coverage in Chabagou Watershed from 1987 to 2018 were analyzed, and the soil surface erosion level map of the watershed was generated to analyze its impact on runoff generation and sediment yield in the watershed. The results show that the vegetation coverage of Chabagou Watershed was increasing rapidly, from 24. 7% in 1987 to 53. 1% in 2018. The composition of vegetation coverage in the watershed had changed a lot. Since 2002, the proportion of medium and high coverage areas increased significantly, and the growth was mainly concentrated in hilly and gully areas. With the increase of vegetation coverage in the watershed, the runoff generation and sediment yield decreased, and the surface erosion decreased. The impact of vegetation on sediment yield was greater than that on runoff generation.
2015,31(1):22-29, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2015.01.004
Abstract:
Measures taken in various stages of river regulation in Japan were thoroughly reviewed and interpreted. The “multi natural river” regulation project in Japan was especially summarized and analyzed, making the river regulation ideas and technical measures of different stages clear. The purpose of this paper is to provide references of ideas and technical method about how to combine water conservancy project construction with ecological restoration and water quality improvement for Chinese river regulation.
Measures taken in various stages of river regulation in Japan were thoroughly reviewed and interpreted. The “multi natural river” regulation project in Japan was especially summarized and analyzed, making the river regulation ideas and technical measures of different stages clear. The purpose of this paper is to provide references of ideas and technical method about how to combine water conservancy project construction with ecological restoration and water quality improvement for Chinese river regulation.
2015,31(1):41-47, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2015.01.007
Abstract:
In order to improve the flood control capacity, the water supply security for irrigation and the living environment in rural area, beginning with the present status and problems of rural river regulation in China, the policy measures and the project investment for rural river regulation in China were analyzed, and the present status and development trends of related technology of rural river regulation in China were discussed. The countermeasures and project measures, the ideas and development direction of rural river regulation were put forward. The purpose of this paper is to provide certain reference for the future rural river regulation.
In order to improve the flood control capacity, the water supply security for irrigation and the living environment in rural area, beginning with the present status and problems of rural river regulation in China, the policy measures and the project investment for rural river regulation in China were analyzed, and the present status and development trends of related technology of rural river regulation in China were discussed. The countermeasures and project measures, the ideas and development direction of rural river regulation were put forward. The purpose of this paper is to provide certain reference for the future rural river regulation.
2016,32(6):156-162, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2016.06.025
Abstract:
This paper summarizes the status of fishway planning and construction in recent years in China. Two typical cases(the Changzhou Water Control Project and the Cuijiaying Navigation-Hydropower Junction)are presented to illustrate the current status of fishways in China. The restrictive factors in the construction and operation of China’s fishways are analyzed with regard to technologies, supervision and management, operational maintenance, and policy systems. Some suggestions, including strengthening research on key technologies, formulating and implementing basins’ environmental protection plans, and implementing adaptive management and accelerating the improvement of relevant policies and regulations, are provided, in order to promote the rapid and healthy development of fishways in China.
This paper summarizes the status of fishway planning and construction in recent years in China. Two typical cases(the Changzhou Water Control Project and the Cuijiaying Navigation-Hydropower Junction)are presented to illustrate the current status of fishways in China. The restrictive factors in the construction and operation of China’s fishways are analyzed with regard to technologies, supervision and management, operational maintenance, and policy systems. Some suggestions, including strengthening research on key technologies, formulating and implementing basins’ environmental protection plans, and implementing adaptive management and accelerating the improvement of relevant policies and regulations, are provided, in order to promote the rapid and healthy development of fishways in China.
2020,36(3):46-51, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.03.009
Abstract:
In order to acquaint with the current status of surface water environment in Central European countries along the “Belt and Road”, the data of surface water pollutants in Central European countries in recent years were summarized, and the pollution status of surface water environment was analyzed. The results show that the levels of conventional pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals in four river basins such as Vistula River basin show a downward trend since the 1970s. However, further treatment route was still needed to remove the pollutants. At present, the levels of emerging pollutants such as antibiotics in each river basin were increasing, which was mainly resulted from the urban sewage discharge. In the future, different types of pollutants should be treated according to their specific sources, while the cooperation between nations on water pollutants treatment should be strengthened to promote the quality of water environment in Central European countries, promoting the economic and social development of countries along the “Belt and Road”.
In order to acquaint with the current status of surface water environment in Central European countries along the “Belt and Road”, the data of surface water pollutants in Central European countries in recent years were summarized, and the pollution status of surface water environment was analyzed. The results show that the levels of conventional pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals in four river basins such as Vistula River basin show a downward trend since the 1970s. However, further treatment route was still needed to remove the pollutants. At present, the levels of emerging pollutants such as antibiotics in each river basin were increasing, which was mainly resulted from the urban sewage discharge. In the future, different types of pollutants should be treated according to their specific sources, while the cooperation between nations on water pollutants treatment should be strengthened to promote the quality of water environment in Central European countries, promoting the economic and social development of countries along the “Belt and Road”.
2019,35(1):6-13, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2019.01.002
Abstract:
In order to quantify the water consumption of winter wheat, and make use of the regional water resources rationally, water footprint of winter wheat in Haihe River Basin from 1958 to 2016 was accounted, and direct and indirect effects of meteorological and agricultural input on water footprint of winter wheat was analyzed based on Penman formula, daily scale soil water balance and path analysis. The results show that the years average total water footprint of winter wheat in the basin was 239. 6 billion m3 and the average unit water footprint was 1 840 m3/t. The water footprint shows a significantly decreasing trend. The water footprint was heterogeneous in space with the largest water footprint in Beijing and Tianjin, followed by Shanxi, Shandong and Henan. The total power of agricultural machinery and the amount of converted fertilizer application have the biggest direct effect on the water footprint of winter wheat. Meteorological factors influence water footprint of winter wheat mainly by input factors of agricultural production. Water footprint of winter wheat can be reduced by increasing agricultural productivity. Fertilization should be reduced in areas with high grey water footprint, such as Beijing and Tianjin.
In order to quantify the water consumption of winter wheat, and make use of the regional water resources rationally, water footprint of winter wheat in Haihe River Basin from 1958 to 2016 was accounted, and direct and indirect effects of meteorological and agricultural input on water footprint of winter wheat was analyzed based on Penman formula, daily scale soil water balance and path analysis. The results show that the years average total water footprint of winter wheat in the basin was 239. 6 billion m3 and the average unit water footprint was 1 840 m3/t. The water footprint shows a significantly decreasing trend. The water footprint was heterogeneous in space with the largest water footprint in Beijing and Tianjin, followed by Shanxi, Shandong and Henan. The total power of agricultural machinery and the amount of converted fertilizer application have the biggest direct effect on the water footprint of winter wheat. Meteorological factors influence water footprint of winter wheat mainly by input factors of agricultural production. Water footprint of winter wheat can be reduced by increasing agricultural productivity. Fertilization should be reduced in areas with high grey water footprint, such as Beijing and Tianjin.
2019,35(3):1-6, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2019.03.001
Abstract:
In view of the problems of in-situ or ectopic remediation technology of contaminated sediment, such as the need to introduce foreign materials, or the long-term occupation of land and the prone to secondary pollution, etc. , a contaminated sediment backfill technology(CSBT)was put forward, in which the dredged sediment is sintered into ceramists and backfilled into the original dredged area after dewatering, drying and harmless treatment. The potential of CSBT for remediation of sediment was discussed in terms of enhancing bed stability, clarifying mud-water interface, changing vertical distribution of dissolved oxygen in sediment and reducing pollutant release flux from sediment. Sediment dredging can directly remove most of the surface pollutants, while sintering at high temperature during the preparation of ceramsite can reduce the pollution of dredged sediment. The stability of the bed surface increases, the particles are not easy to suspend again under the same hydrodynamic conditions, the release flux of sediment decreases significantly, and the permeation depth of dissolved oxygen on the bed surface increases after ceramsite backfilling.
In view of the problems of in-situ or ectopic remediation technology of contaminated sediment, such as the need to introduce foreign materials, or the long-term occupation of land and the prone to secondary pollution, etc. , a contaminated sediment backfill technology(CSBT)was put forward, in which the dredged sediment is sintered into ceramists and backfilled into the original dredged area after dewatering, drying and harmless treatment. The potential of CSBT for remediation of sediment was discussed in terms of enhancing bed stability, clarifying mud-water interface, changing vertical distribution of dissolved oxygen in sediment and reducing pollutant release flux from sediment. Sediment dredging can directly remove most of the surface pollutants, while sintering at high temperature during the preparation of ceramsite can reduce the pollution of dredged sediment. The stability of the bed surface increases, the particles are not easy to suspend again under the same hydrodynamic conditions, the release flux of sediment decreases significantly, and the permeation depth of dissolved oxygen on the bed surface increases after ceramsite backfilling.
Journal information
- Competent unit：
水利部
- Organizers：
河海大学 中国水利学会环境水利专业委员会
- Editor-in-chief：
王沛芳
- Address：
1 Xikang Road ,Nanjing 210098, P. R. China
- Postcode：
210098
- Phone：
025-83786642
- Email：
bh1985@vip.163.com,bh@hhu.edu.cn
- CN：
32-1356/TV
- ISSN：
1004-6933
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