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2026,42(4):1-15
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.04.001
Abstract:
This study employs the PCMCI method, along with network metrics such as edge betweenness, to investigate the complex network characteristics and interconnection effects of the Yangtze-Yellow River inter-basin water resources system under the context of water network integration. The results reveal that:the constructed network comprises 592 nodes and 1149 causal edges, exhibiting spatial heterogeneity, interregional lags, and the coexistence of local clustering and cascading transmission; the network displays prominent small-world properties and spatial heterogeneity. Hydraulic contact nodes
This study employs the PCMCI method, along with network metrics such as edge betweenness, to investigate the complex network characteristics and interconnection effects of the Yangtze-Yellow River inter-basin water resources system under the context of water network integration. The results reveal that:the constructed network comprises 592 nodes and 1149 causal edges, exhibiting spatial heterogeneity, interregional lags, and the coexistence of local clustering and cascading transmission; the network displays prominent small-world properties and spatial heterogeneity. Hydraulic contact nodes
2026,42(4):16-26
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.04.002
Abstract:
Firstly, based on analysis of the main characteristics of urban rain floods and water pollution in high-density cities. On this basis, the current practical difficulties faced by disaster management are deeply analyzed. Systematically reviewing and clarifying the current research status and shortcomings about the urban flooding and water pollution were reviewed and clarified systematically. Thus further proposing effective approaches to cope with disasters. The results show that to deal with the short emergency response window period and tight physical space for urban floods, and difficulty improving efficiency for water pollution, it is necessary to establish the concept of collaborative management for urban floods and water pollution, key research and development rapid forecasting and wise scheduling for urban floods, and simultaneously research the restoration and function enhancement for river ecosystem. Keywords: high-density city; urban rain flood; urban water pollution; rain floods and water pollution co-governance; water security 〖FL
Firstly, based on analysis of the main characteristics of urban rain floods and water pollution in high-density cities. On this basis, the current practical difficulties faced by disaster management are deeply analyzed. Systematically reviewing and clarifying the current research status and shortcomings about the urban flooding and water pollution were reviewed and clarified systematically. Thus further proposing effective approaches to cope with disasters. The results show that to deal with the short emergency response window period and tight physical space for urban floods, and difficulty improving efficiency for water pollution, it is necessary to establish the concept of collaborative management for urban floods and water pollution, key research and development rapid forecasting and wise scheduling for urban floods, and simultaneously research the restoration and function enhancement for river ecosystem. Keywords: high-density city; urban rain flood; urban water pollution; rain floods and water pollution co-governance; water security 〖FL
Yan Denghua, Yang Yongmin, Wu Zebin, Zhang Haitao, Du Xiaohe, Zhao Keke, Li Chenhao, Xu Weihong, Zhang Miao, Wang Yujin
2026,42(4):27-35
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.04.003
Abstract:
This article systematically examines the existing deficiencies in China’s flood detention basins concerning their flood control functions, regional development, smart management, and institutional mechanisms. It proposes a governance framework centered on “bottom-line constraints, spatial restructuring, endogenous development, smart enablement, institutional innovation,” exploring pathways for the systematic governance and high-quality development of flood detention basins from perspectives such as baseline constraints for flood safety, risk-based spatial restructuring and zoning governance, balancing interests and fostering endogenous development synergies, digital twin-enabled smart governance, and institutional mechanism enhancement for governance modernization. Furthermore, it suggests the development of eight key technologies covering dynamic monitoring, intelligent operation, and resilience building of flood detention basins, forming a comprehensive technical system for their systematic governance. The research findings aim to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for enabling flood detention basins to transition from a passive flood diversion response to a strategic shift toward “active regulation, balancing safety and development.” Keywords: flood detention areas; systematic governance; spatial optimization; high-quality development 〖FL
This article systematically examines the existing deficiencies in China’s flood detention basins concerning their flood control functions, regional development, smart management, and institutional mechanisms. It proposes a governance framework centered on “bottom-line constraints, spatial restructuring, endogenous development, smart enablement, institutional innovation,” exploring pathways for the systematic governance and high-quality development of flood detention basins from perspectives such as baseline constraints for flood safety, risk-based spatial restructuring and zoning governance, balancing interests and fostering endogenous development synergies, digital twin-enabled smart governance, and institutional mechanism enhancement for governance modernization. Furthermore, it suggests the development of eight key technologies covering dynamic monitoring, intelligent operation, and resilience building of flood detention basins, forming a comprehensive technical system for their systematic governance. The research findings aim to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for enabling flood detention basins to transition from a passive flood diversion response to a strategic shift toward “active regulation, balancing safety and development.” Keywords: flood detention areas; systematic governance; spatial optimization; high-quality development 〖FL
2026,42(4):36-46, 55
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.04.004
Abstract:
In order to clarify spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of the capacity for conservation, intensive and safe utilization of water resources in China, the evaluation system of the capacity for conservation, intensive and safe utilization of water resources has been established based on socio-economic-natural complex ecosystem theory and socio-ecological system theory, from the perspective of the complex system of “socio-economic-ecological-water resources”. The integrated evaluation model combining “the ideal solution model, the hierarchical equal-weight method, the coefficient of variation approach, barrier model, and panel Tobit model” is established, to evaluate the capacity for conservation, intensive and safe utilization of water resources in China. The research indicates that the capacity for conservation, intensive and safe utilization of water resources among China’s provinces exhibits a fluctuating upward trend. By 2023,21 provinces had a value exceeding 0.8, with Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, and Henan being relatively optimal. Regarding internal influencing factors, social system presents the lowest obstacle degree, while economic and ecological systems demonstrate a gradual decrease in their obstacle degree. Water resources system exhibits the highest obstacle degree. And the top five obstacle factors are ranked as follows:reclaimed water utilization efficiency, the proportion of ecological water resources to water consumption, water consumption per 10000 yuan of service sector value-added, water leakage rate in supply networks, the proportion of groundwater to total water supply. Regarding external influencing factors, the positive effects of economic development levels, industrial structure, degree of government intervention, and technological innovation capacity are significant, while water resource endowment and foreign investment levels exert a certain degree of restraint. The impact of technological innovation capability on enhancing the capacity for the conservation, intensive and safe utilization of water resources is the most significant. Keywords: comprehensive system of socio-economic-ecological-water resources; capacity for conservation, intensive and safe utilization of water resources; ideal solution model; obstacle degree model; Tobit model; China 〖FL
In order to clarify spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of the capacity for conservation, intensive and safe utilization of water resources in China, the evaluation system of the capacity for conservation, intensive and safe utilization of water resources has been established based on socio-economic-natural complex ecosystem theory and socio-ecological system theory, from the perspective of the complex system of “socio-economic-ecological-water resources”. The integrated evaluation model combining “the ideal solution model, the hierarchical equal-weight method, the coefficient of variation approach, barrier model, and panel Tobit model” is established, to evaluate the capacity for conservation, intensive and safe utilization of water resources in China. The research indicates that the capacity for conservation, intensive and safe utilization of water resources among China’s provinces exhibits a fluctuating upward trend. By 2023,21 provinces had a value exceeding 0.8, with Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, and Henan being relatively optimal. Regarding internal influencing factors, social system presents the lowest obstacle degree, while economic and ecological systems demonstrate a gradual decrease in their obstacle degree. Water resources system exhibits the highest obstacle degree. And the top five obstacle factors are ranked as follows:reclaimed water utilization efficiency, the proportion of ecological water resources to water consumption, water consumption per 10000 yuan of service sector value-added, water leakage rate in supply networks, the proportion of groundwater to total water supply. Regarding external influencing factors, the positive effects of economic development levels, industrial structure, degree of government intervention, and technological innovation capacity are significant, while water resource endowment and foreign investment levels exert a certain degree of restraint. The impact of technological innovation capability on enhancing the capacity for the conservation, intensive and safe utilization of water resources is the most significant. Keywords: comprehensive system of socio-economic-ecological-water resources; capacity for conservation, intensive and safe utilization of water resources; ideal solution model; obstacle degree model; Tobit model; China 〖FL
2026,42(4):47-55
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.04.005
Abstract:
To study the impact of cascade hydropower development on water temperature in the Lancang River Basin, a 1D-3D coupled water temperature model was constructed, and the spatiotemporal variation of water temperature in the cascade reservoir system from Gongguo Bridge to the international boundary section of the Lancang River was systematically simulated. Results indicate that water temperature changes exhibit a continuous and cyclical process:reservoir heat storage in deep-large reservoirs-low temperature discharge upstream of dams-natural warming, demonstrating significant cumulative effects. The deep cascade reservoirs slow down the flow velocity of incoming water, and the thermal storage effect causes the annual average surface water temperature of the upstream Xiaowan Reservoir to increase by 1.5℃ compared to the natural state. Due to the stratification of water temperature and the discharge of low-temperature water in deep-large reservoirs, the annual average temperature difference between the discharge water temperature and the natural temperature in Xiaowan Reservoir is -2.4 ℃. The temperature difference in the fluctuating catchment area rises to -1.9℃ with the temperature and radiation, posing a year-round low-temperature stress on the fish habitat under the dam of Xiaowan Reservoir. The downstream Nuozhadu Reservoir further strengthened this process, with an average annual increase in water temperature in front of the dam of 1.7℃, and the average annual discharge water temperature difference narrowing to -1.6℃ compared to the natural temperature. Under the combined effect of latitude and meteorological gradient, the thermal recovery capacity of the fluctuating catchment area is better than that of Xiaowan Reservoir, resulting in an average annual water temperature of 0.3℃ higher than the natural temperature in the section from the dam to the exit of Nuozhadu Reservoir. From August to January of the following year, it poses a high temperature stress on fish habitats. The cumulative effect of cascade hydropower development on water temperature has led to a shift from a single low temperature stress to a dual stress of low and high temperatures. Keywords: cascade hydropower development; water temperature stratification; water temperature residence time; flattening effect; the Lancang River 〖FL
To study the impact of cascade hydropower development on water temperature in the Lancang River Basin, a 1D-3D coupled water temperature model was constructed, and the spatiotemporal variation of water temperature in the cascade reservoir system from Gongguo Bridge to the international boundary section of the Lancang River was systematically simulated. Results indicate that water temperature changes exhibit a continuous and cyclical process:reservoir heat storage in deep-large reservoirs-low temperature discharge upstream of dams-natural warming, demonstrating significant cumulative effects. The deep cascade reservoirs slow down the flow velocity of incoming water, and the thermal storage effect causes the annual average surface water temperature of the upstream Xiaowan Reservoir to increase by 1.5℃ compared to the natural state. Due to the stratification of water temperature and the discharge of low-temperature water in deep-large reservoirs, the annual average temperature difference between the discharge water temperature and the natural temperature in Xiaowan Reservoir is -2.4 ℃. The temperature difference in the fluctuating catchment area rises to -1.9℃ with the temperature and radiation, posing a year-round low-temperature stress on the fish habitat under the dam of Xiaowan Reservoir. The downstream Nuozhadu Reservoir further strengthened this process, with an average annual increase in water temperature in front of the dam of 1.7℃, and the average annual discharge water temperature difference narrowing to -1.6℃ compared to the natural temperature. Under the combined effect of latitude and meteorological gradient, the thermal recovery capacity of the fluctuating catchment area is better than that of Xiaowan Reservoir, resulting in an average annual water temperature of 0.3℃ higher than the natural temperature in the section from the dam to the exit of Nuozhadu Reservoir. From August to January of the following year, it poses a high temperature stress on fish habitats. The cumulative effect of cascade hydropower development on water temperature has led to a shift from a single low temperature stress to a dual stress of low and high temperatures. Keywords: cascade hydropower development; water temperature stratification; water temperature residence time; flattening effect; the Lancang River 〖FL
2026,42(4):56-64, 98
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.04.006
Abstract:
Based on the significant demand for achieving healthy regional water balance, systematic exploration has been conducted around the threshold system of water balance and its application fields. The correlation between water balance theory methods, threshold systems, and application fields is clarified, and the implementation path of healthy regional water balance is analyzed. An architecture of the water balance threshold system with characterization indicators and indicator thresholds as the core is constructed. Starting from the perspectives of water budget balance, water supply-demand balance of economic society, water use balance between economic society and ecology, and harmonious balance of human-water relationship, characterization indicator systems are sorted out. The expression forms of indicator thresholds are defined with consideration of limits, ranges, and patterns, and the methods for determining the thresholds are introduced. Considering theme relevance, theoretical compliance, and method applicability, the application fields of regional water balance are analyzed. The research contents corresponding to the four major balances and the overall research ideas are presented. Four examples are selected for in-depth analysis:attribution analysis of water resource changes based on water budget balance, synergetic optimization of water-energy-food-ecology based on the water supply-demand balance of economic society, calculating the potential of water resource development and utilization based on the water use balance between economic society and ecology, and human-water relationship regulation based on the harmonious balance of human-water relationship. Keywords: regional water balance; threshold system; application field; human-water relationship; water cycle 〖FL
Based on the significant demand for achieving healthy regional water balance, systematic exploration has been conducted around the threshold system of water balance and its application fields. The correlation between water balance theory methods, threshold systems, and application fields is clarified, and the implementation path of healthy regional water balance is analyzed. An architecture of the water balance threshold system with characterization indicators and indicator thresholds as the core is constructed. Starting from the perspectives of water budget balance, water supply-demand balance of economic society, water use balance between economic society and ecology, and harmonious balance of human-water relationship, characterization indicator systems are sorted out. The expression forms of indicator thresholds are defined with consideration of limits, ranges, and patterns, and the methods for determining the thresholds are introduced. Considering theme relevance, theoretical compliance, and method applicability, the application fields of regional water balance are analyzed. The research contents corresponding to the four major balances and the overall research ideas are presented. Four examples are selected for in-depth analysis:attribution analysis of water resource changes based on water budget balance, synergetic optimization of water-energy-food-ecology based on the water supply-demand balance of economic society, calculating the potential of water resource development and utilization based on the water use balance between economic society and ecology, and human-water relationship regulation based on the harmonious balance of human-water relationship. Keywords: regional water balance; threshold system; application field; human-water relationship; water cycle 〖FL
Li Guangxuan, Zhao Zhongnan, Li Yuanyuan, Liu Zhen, Li Wei, Xing Ziqiang, Chen Fei, Ma Ruoqi, Pan Zharong, Chen Kang
2026,42(4):65-76, 118
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.04.007
Abstract:
Taking 38 third-class water resource regions of Northwest China as the study subject, the spatiotemporal evolution trend of habitat quality in Northwest China and typical third-class water resource regions from 1985 to 2023 was assessed by using InVEST model. And combined with Sen’s slope estimation method, the significance of the trend was analyzed. The XGBoost model was employed to establish quantitative relationships between habitat quality and driving factors, while the SHAP method was used to quantify the impacts of climate, human activities, and underlying surface conditions. The results showed that the overall habitat quality in the Northwest China was relatively low from 1985 to 2023, with an average habitat index of 0.428 over the years. The time showed a fluctuating trend of first decreasing, then increasing, and then decreasing again, with significant spatial differentiation. It presented a circular pattern with higher mountains in the south, north, and east and lower deserts in the central region. The differences in typical third-class water resource regions are prominent, with the habitat quality of Shiyang River, Heihe River, and Shule River showing an upward trend. In 2023, the habitat index increased by about 10.3%, 5.0%, and 2.8% respectively compared to 1985, and spatially decreased from the southern Qilian Mountains to the northern corridor plain. Ecological protection projects and increased precipitation jointly drive the improvement of habitat quality. The overall habitat quality of the Tarim River is relatively low, with an annual average change range of habitat index of 0.188-0.427. The habitat quality south of the main stream is lower than that north of the main stream. The small rivers of Hotan River and Kriya River show an upward trend, while the Aksu River and Kashgar River show a downward trend. The proportion of arable land and precipitation are the main driving factors for the regional habitat decline. The habitat quality of Ili River and Emin River is relatively high, with an average annual habitat index of 0.793 and 0.787, respectively, but the decline is significant. In 2023, the habitat index will decrease by 6% and 7.8% compared to 1985, respectively. The expansion of arable land is the main driving factor. The habitat quality of Ili River and Emin River is relatively high, with an average annual habitat index of 0.793 and 0.787, respectively, but the decline is significant. In 2023, the habitat index will decrease by 6% and 7.8% compared to 1985, respectively. The expansion of arable land is the main driving factor. The core driving factors for habitat quality in the northwest region are normalized difference vegetation index
Taking 38 third-class water resource regions of Northwest China as the study subject, the spatiotemporal evolution trend of habitat quality in Northwest China and typical third-class water resource regions from 1985 to 2023 was assessed by using InVEST model. And combined with Sen’s slope estimation method, the significance of the trend was analyzed. The XGBoost model was employed to establish quantitative relationships between habitat quality and driving factors, while the SHAP method was used to quantify the impacts of climate, human activities, and underlying surface conditions. The results showed that the overall habitat quality in the Northwest China was relatively low from 1985 to 2023, with an average habitat index of 0.428 over the years. The time showed a fluctuating trend of first decreasing, then increasing, and then decreasing again, with significant spatial differentiation. It presented a circular pattern with higher mountains in the south, north, and east and lower deserts in the central region. The differences in typical third-class water resource regions are prominent, with the habitat quality of Shiyang River, Heihe River, and Shule River showing an upward trend. In 2023, the habitat index increased by about 10.3%, 5.0%, and 2.8% respectively compared to 1985, and spatially decreased from the southern Qilian Mountains to the northern corridor plain. Ecological protection projects and increased precipitation jointly drive the improvement of habitat quality. The overall habitat quality of the Tarim River is relatively low, with an annual average change range of habitat index of 0.188-0.427. The habitat quality south of the main stream is lower than that north of the main stream. The small rivers of Hotan River and Kriya River show an upward trend, while the Aksu River and Kashgar River show a downward trend. The proportion of arable land and precipitation are the main driving factors for the regional habitat decline. The habitat quality of Ili River and Emin River is relatively high, with an average annual habitat index of 0.793 and 0.787, respectively, but the decline is significant. In 2023, the habitat index will decrease by 6% and 7.8% compared to 1985, respectively. The expansion of arable land is the main driving factor. The habitat quality of Ili River and Emin River is relatively high, with an average annual habitat index of 0.793 and 0.787, respectively, but the decline is significant. In 2023, the habitat index will decrease by 6% and 7.8% compared to 1985, respectively. The expansion of arable land is the main driving factor. The core driving factors for habitat quality in the northwest region are normalized difference vegetation index
2026,42(4):77-86
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.04.008
Abstract:
In response to the frequent occurrence of extreme flood and drought events, which have led to the continuous degradation of the habitat of the Vallisneria spp. in dish-shaped lakes of Poyang Lake, a remote sensing-terrain-water depth potential habitat suitability assessment method was constructed based on hydrological, remote sensing, terrain, and monitoring data of the Vallisneria spp. The impact of extreme flood and drought events on the habitat of the Vallisneria spp. was quantified. The results show that dish-shaped lakes exhibit significant interannual and seasonal fluctuations in water area, with extreme flood and drought events producing maxima and minima of 53.08 km2 and 1.80 km2, and mean expansion and contraction rates of 0.41 km2/d and 0.34 km2/d. In 2020, winter buds were detected only in Shahu Lake
In response to the frequent occurrence of extreme flood and drought events, which have led to the continuous degradation of the habitat of the Vallisneria spp. in dish-shaped lakes of Poyang Lake, a remote sensing-terrain-water depth potential habitat suitability assessment method was constructed based on hydrological, remote sensing, terrain, and monitoring data of the Vallisneria spp. The impact of extreme flood and drought events on the habitat of the Vallisneria spp. was quantified. The results show that dish-shaped lakes exhibit significant interannual and seasonal fluctuations in water area, with extreme flood and drought events producing maxima and minima of 53.08 km2 and 1.80 km2, and mean expansion and contraction rates of 0.41 km2/d and 0.34 km2/d. In 2020, winter buds were detected only in Shahu Lake
2026,42(4):87-98
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.04.009
Abstract:
Taking the upstream basin of the Ruoergai Hydrological Station of the Heihe River in the source area of the Yellow River as the study area, a smart Xin’anjiang model coupling the snowmelt soil freeze-thaw module and random forest algorithm was constructed. Runoff simulation was carried out using precipitation, evaporation and temperature data from 2007 to 2019. And the simulation results were compared with the traditional Xin’anjiang model, the Xin’anjiang model coupling snowmelt, soil freeze-thaw and the random forest model to evaluate the adaptability of the smart Xin’anjiang model in the hydrological process simulation in high-cold regions. The results show that the overall simulation ability of the traditional Xin’anjiang model during the verification period is acceptable, but its simulation ability during the melting period is limited and cannot accurately depict the runoff process during the melting period. The simple random forest model can capture the nonlinear characteristics of the hydrological process during the melting period, the overall simulation effect during the verification period is not ideal. The coupling of the snowmelt soil freeze-thaw module increased the uncertainty of the Xin ’anjiang model by 35.6%, but the model stability and simulation performance were good. During the ablation period, the Nash efficiency coefficient
Taking the upstream basin of the Ruoergai Hydrological Station of the Heihe River in the source area of the Yellow River as the study area, a smart Xin’anjiang model coupling the snowmelt soil freeze-thaw module and random forest algorithm was constructed. Runoff simulation was carried out using precipitation, evaporation and temperature data from 2007 to 2019. And the simulation results were compared with the traditional Xin’anjiang model, the Xin’anjiang model coupling snowmelt, soil freeze-thaw and the random forest model to evaluate the adaptability of the smart Xin’anjiang model in the hydrological process simulation in high-cold regions. The results show that the overall simulation ability of the traditional Xin’anjiang model during the verification period is acceptable, but its simulation ability during the melting period is limited and cannot accurately depict the runoff process during the melting period. The simple random forest model can capture the nonlinear characteristics of the hydrological process during the melting period, the overall simulation effect during the verification period is not ideal. The coupling of the snowmelt soil freeze-thaw module increased the uncertainty of the Xin ’anjiang model by 35.6%, but the model stability and simulation performance were good. During the ablation period, the Nash efficiency coefficient
2026,42(4):99-109
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.04.010
Abstract:
Based on the Third Pole Meteorological Forcing Dataset
Based on the Third Pole Meteorological Forcing Dataset
2026,42(4):110-118
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.04.011
Abstract:
To reveal the evolution characteristics of the hydrological regime of the Weihe River, typical tributaries
To reveal the evolution characteristics of the hydrological regime of the Weihe River, typical tributaries
2026,42(4):119-128
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.04.012
Abstract:
To measure the relationship between building patterns and waterlogging inundation characteristics in Zhengzhou City, using the urban architectural pattern index to characterize the urban architectural pattern, an evaluation index system for urban building patterns was developed considering basic morphological features, spatial distribution features, correlation features, and distance-related features. The urban waterlogging model was established to simulate waterlogging processes in the old urban area of Jinshui District, Zhengzhou City under different return periods and waterlogging characteristics under different building pattern levels were analyzed. The indicators that significantly affect waterlogging characteristics under different rainfall return periods were identified, and the impact of three-dimensional building features on waterlogging was further explored. The results indicate that the building pattern in the old urban area of Jinshui District, Zhengzhou City presents a spatial pattern of high in the north and low in the south. Enhancing the building pattern level contributes positively to inundation mitigation, whereas such effectiveness has a threshold limit. Rainfall with a 3a return period serves as the critical breakpoint triggering abrupt pressure rise of urban drainage systems. Under low-return-period rainfall
To measure the relationship between building patterns and waterlogging inundation characteristics in Zhengzhou City, using the urban architectural pattern index to characterize the urban architectural pattern, an evaluation index system for urban building patterns was developed considering basic morphological features, spatial distribution features, correlation features, and distance-related features. The urban waterlogging model was established to simulate waterlogging processes in the old urban area of Jinshui District, Zhengzhou City under different return periods and waterlogging characteristics under different building pattern levels were analyzed. The indicators that significantly affect waterlogging characteristics under different rainfall return periods were identified, and the impact of three-dimensional building features on waterlogging was further explored. The results indicate that the building pattern in the old urban area of Jinshui District, Zhengzhou City presents a spatial pattern of high in the north and low in the south. Enhancing the building pattern level contributes positively to inundation mitigation, whereas such effectiveness has a threshold limit. Rainfall with a 3a return period serves as the critical breakpoint triggering abrupt pressure rise of urban drainage systems. Under low-return-period rainfall
2026,42(4):129-138, 149
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.04.013
Abstract:
Aiming at the problem of insufficient characterization of pedestrian dynamic changes in urban flood risk assessment, a multi-agent model based dynamic assessment method for urban flood pedestrian risk is proposed. The initial spatial distribution of pedestrian agents is established based on population heat maps. Urban functional zones are delineated based on points of interest to serve as the base environment layer for pedestrian agent activities. A probabilistic finite state machine and velocity decay curves are combined to characterize pedestrian behavior rules under flood scenarios. A 1D-2D hydrodynamic model is coupled to establish an urban flood multi-agent-based model. Historical rainfall data and population heat maps are used to verify model reliability, and the dynamic changes in pedestrian risk under different rainfall return periods and rainfall occurrence time are assessed. The method is applied to the Huayuan Road area in Jinshui District, Zhengzhou City. The evaluation results show that the relative error between the simulated results of the established model and the actual heat map is less than 15%. When the rainfall return period exceeds 50 a, the number of medium-to-high-risk pedestrian agents increases significantly by 143%. The number of medium-to-high-risk pedestrian agents on weekdays is significantly higher than on weekends due to rigid travel demand by 49%. The number of medium-to-high-risk pedestrian agents peaks during the morning rush hour and evening rush hour. Keywords: urban flood; multi-agent model; pedestrian risk; population heat map; Zhengzhou City 〖FL
Aiming at the problem of insufficient characterization of pedestrian dynamic changes in urban flood risk assessment, a multi-agent model based dynamic assessment method for urban flood pedestrian risk is proposed. The initial spatial distribution of pedestrian agents is established based on population heat maps. Urban functional zones are delineated based on points of interest to serve as the base environment layer for pedestrian agent activities. A probabilistic finite state machine and velocity decay curves are combined to characterize pedestrian behavior rules under flood scenarios. A 1D-2D hydrodynamic model is coupled to establish an urban flood multi-agent-based model. Historical rainfall data and population heat maps are used to verify model reliability, and the dynamic changes in pedestrian risk under different rainfall return periods and rainfall occurrence time are assessed. The method is applied to the Huayuan Road area in Jinshui District, Zhengzhou City. The evaluation results show that the relative error between the simulated results of the established model and the actual heat map is less than 15%. When the rainfall return period exceeds 50 a, the number of medium-to-high-risk pedestrian agents increases significantly by 143%. The number of medium-to-high-risk pedestrian agents on weekdays is significantly higher than on weekends due to rigid travel demand by 49%. The number of medium-to-high-risk pedestrian agents peaks during the morning rush hour and evening rush hour. Keywords: urban flood; multi-agent model; pedestrian risk; population heat map; Zhengzhou City 〖FL
2026,42(4):139-149
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.04.014
Abstract:
To address the challenges posed by the complex and varied flood types in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin, a dynamic identification model for flood types was constructed by coupling K-Means++clustering algorithm and decision tree algorithm. The model was used to identify the types of Three Gorges inflow floods in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin. The results indicate that based on two indicators of the proportion of total secondary floods and the proportion of total secondary net rainfall floods,floods in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River can be classified into four types, including the Min River, the Tuo River, and the Jialing River encounter type, the Min River, the Tuo River, the Jialing River, and the Xiangcun interval encounter type, the Min River, the Tuo River, the Jialing River and Xiongchun, Chunsan intervals encounter type, and the Wujiang River and Xiongchun, Chunsan intervals encounter type. The classification consistency is as high as 88.4%, and the characteristics of various types of floods are significant. The overall accuracy of dynamically identifying flood types based on rainfall information is 83.3%. The weighted average values of the accuracy, recall rate, and F1 score for different types of floods are all above 0.70, indicating that the model has good recognition performance for most flood types. Keywords: K-Means++ clustering algorithm; decision tree algorithm; flood type identification; upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin 〖FL
To address the challenges posed by the complex and varied flood types in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin, a dynamic identification model for flood types was constructed by coupling K-Means++clustering algorithm and decision tree algorithm. The model was used to identify the types of Three Gorges inflow floods in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin. The results indicate that based on two indicators of the proportion of total secondary floods and the proportion of total secondary net rainfall floods,floods in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River can be classified into four types, including the Min River, the Tuo River, and the Jialing River encounter type, the Min River, the Tuo River, the Jialing River, and the Xiangcun interval encounter type, the Min River, the Tuo River, the Jialing River and Xiongchun, Chunsan intervals encounter type, and the Wujiang River and Xiongchun, Chunsan intervals encounter type. The classification consistency is as high as 88.4%, and the characteristics of various types of floods are significant. The overall accuracy of dynamically identifying flood types based on rainfall information is 83.3%. The weighted average values of the accuracy, recall rate, and F1 score for different types of floods are all above 0.70, indicating that the model has good recognition performance for most flood types. Keywords: K-Means++ clustering algorithm; decision tree algorithm; flood type identification; upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin 〖FL
2026,42(4):150-159
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.04.015
Abstract:
To scientifically assess the adaptability of flood control and water supply functions of the river network in the Haihe River Basin, spatial data analysis, spatial matching equilibrium indexes, and a coupling coordination model were used to quantify the adaptability pattern between river network functions and demands. Network robustness analysis was then applied to identify the key bottlenecks that constrain functional adaptability. Results indicate a significant spatial mismatch between the function and demand of flood control of the river network in the Haihe River Basin. High-value areas of flood control of the river network are concentrated in the western mountainous regions, while high-risk areas with flood control demand are primarily located in the eastern plains; water supply hotspots are spatially separated from irrigation demand areas. The adaptability of flood control and water supply functions of the river basin network faces dual bottlenecks of spatial imbalance and systemic discoordination, with poor spatial match of water supply function and the overall coupling coordination degree nearing breakdown. The adaptability pattern exhibits a distinct corridor effect, with the coupling coordination degree decreasing sharply from near-river areas toward the interior regions of the basin. The Hutuo and Wulie rivers, etc. are the controlling sections that restrict the functions of flood control and water supply. Keywords: river network functions; adaptability assessment; spatial autocorrelation; coupling coordination; Gini coefficient; the Haihe River Basin 〖FL
To scientifically assess the adaptability of flood control and water supply functions of the river network in the Haihe River Basin, spatial data analysis, spatial matching equilibrium indexes, and a coupling coordination model were used to quantify the adaptability pattern between river network functions and demands. Network robustness analysis was then applied to identify the key bottlenecks that constrain functional adaptability. Results indicate a significant spatial mismatch between the function and demand of flood control of the river network in the Haihe River Basin. High-value areas of flood control of the river network are concentrated in the western mountainous regions, while high-risk areas with flood control demand are primarily located in the eastern plains; water supply hotspots are spatially separated from irrigation demand areas. The adaptability of flood control and water supply functions of the river basin network faces dual bottlenecks of spatial imbalance and systemic discoordination, with poor spatial match of water supply function and the overall coupling coordination degree nearing breakdown. The adaptability pattern exhibits a distinct corridor effect, with the coupling coordination degree decreasing sharply from near-river areas toward the interior regions of the basin. The Hutuo and Wulie rivers, etc. are the controlling sections that restrict the functions of flood control and water supply. Keywords: river network functions; adaptability assessment; spatial autocorrelation; coupling coordination; Gini coefficient; the Haihe River Basin 〖FL
2026,42(4):160-168
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.04.016
Abstract:
To reveal the dynamic variation law of urban flood inundation under different rainstorm patterns, an SWMM and LISFLOOD-FP coupled model was developed for the Qinghe River Basin of Beijing. The waterlogging characteristics of different rainfall return periods were analyzed when the rainfall peak coefficients were 0.2
To reveal the dynamic variation law of urban flood inundation under different rainstorm patterns, an SWMM and LISFLOOD-FP coupled model was developed for the Qinghe River Basin of Beijing. The waterlogging characteristics of different rainfall return periods were analyzed when the rainfall peak coefficients were 0.2
2026,42(4):169-177, 196
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.04.017
Abstract:
To address the problem of flood control optimization on the mainstream and tributaries, a joint optimal operation model for a mixed-connected reservoir group was established with the objective of risk degree balance. Based on the large-scale system decomposition-coordination theory, a three-layer hierarchical structure consisting of the system coordination layer, the tributary subsystem coordination layer, and the single-reservoir optimal operation layer was designed, and corresponding efficient solution methods were developed. A case study of joint operation of the flood control system in the Hanjiang River Basin demonstrates that the proposed method achieves good risk balance among reservoirs, with the coefficient of risk degree variation of four reservoirs below 6% in all scenarios. After operation, the peak reduction rate of Danjiangkou Reservoir reaches 37.68% to 67.36%, and the error of flow rate simulation at Huangzhuang Section is controlled within 3%. The proposed method has high computational efficiency, with the calculation time for all scenarios within six seconds. Keywords: mixed-connected reservoir group; flood control operation; risk degree balance; large-scale system decomposition-coordination; piecewise heuristic optimization algorithm; the Hanjiang River Basin 〖FL
To address the problem of flood control optimization on the mainstream and tributaries, a joint optimal operation model for a mixed-connected reservoir group was established with the objective of risk degree balance. Based on the large-scale system decomposition-coordination theory, a three-layer hierarchical structure consisting of the system coordination layer, the tributary subsystem coordination layer, and the single-reservoir optimal operation layer was designed, and corresponding efficient solution methods were developed. A case study of joint operation of the flood control system in the Hanjiang River Basin demonstrates that the proposed method achieves good risk balance among reservoirs, with the coefficient of risk degree variation of four reservoirs below 6% in all scenarios. After operation, the peak reduction rate of Danjiangkou Reservoir reaches 37.68% to 67.36%, and the error of flow rate simulation at Huangzhuang Section is controlled within 3%. The proposed method has high computational efficiency, with the calculation time for all scenarios within six seconds. Keywords: mixed-connected reservoir group; flood control operation; risk degree balance; large-scale system decomposition-coordination; piecewise heuristic optimization algorithm; the Hanjiang River Basin 〖FL
2026,42(4):178-186
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.04.018
Abstract:
This study addressed the uneven spatiotemporal distribution of water resources, prominent supply-demand conflicts, and insufficient resilience of the water resources system in Taizhou City. Based on the provincial- and municipal-level water network projects in Taizhou City, and considering mutual support and coordinated regulation between water networks at different levels, a multi-objective optimal allocation model for water resources under provincial-municipal water network integration was developed.The model aims to maximize water-supply economic benefits, minimize the Gini coefficient of water supply satisfaction, and minimize the total water shortage, and was solved using the NSGA-Ⅲ algorithm. Four schemes were compared under precipitation guarantee rates of 50%, 75%, and 95%, including the independent municipal water network operation
This study addressed the uneven spatiotemporal distribution of water resources, prominent supply-demand conflicts, and insufficient resilience of the water resources system in Taizhou City. Based on the provincial- and municipal-level water network projects in Taizhou City, and considering mutual support and coordinated regulation between water networks at different levels, a multi-objective optimal allocation model for water resources under provincial-municipal water network integration was developed.The model aims to maximize water-supply economic benefits, minimize the Gini coefficient of water supply satisfaction, and minimize the total water shortage, and was solved using the NSGA-Ⅲ algorithm. Four schemes were compared under precipitation guarantee rates of 50%, 75%, and 95%, including the independent municipal water network operation
2026,42(4):187-196
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.04.019
Abstract:
To improve flood risk regulation in complex urban river networks, a real-time control optimization method based on reinforcement learning was proposed, and the control performance of single-agent reinforcement learning
To improve flood risk regulation in complex urban river networks, a real-time control optimization method based on reinforcement learning was proposed, and the control performance of single-agent reinforcement learning
2026,42(4):197-207
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.04.020
Abstract:
A systematic review was conducted on the downscaling methods of GRACE satellite data, which were classified into three categories:statistical downscaling, dynamic downscaling, and multi-source data fusion. The principles and evolution of research methods ranging from classical regression to emerging physics-constrained models were thoroughly analyzed. By evaluating application cases worldwide, the advantages and limitations of each method were revealed, and core issues, including data defects, insufficient physical authenticity of models, difficulty in coupling human activities, and incomplete verification system were identified. The future directions of physics-guided artificial intelligence, spatiotemporally consistent data fusion, and the development of operational high-resolution datasets were discussed. Based on a systematic assessment of existing methods, a new physics-data dual driven paradigm for intelligent fusion was proposed. Keywords: GRACE satellite data; downscaling; terrestrial water storage; groundwater; hydrological model; remote sensing hydrology 〖FL
A systematic review was conducted on the downscaling methods of GRACE satellite data, which were classified into three categories:statistical downscaling, dynamic downscaling, and multi-source data fusion. The principles and evolution of research methods ranging from classical regression to emerging physics-constrained models were thoroughly analyzed. By evaluating application cases worldwide, the advantages and limitations of each method were revealed, and core issues, including data defects, insufficient physical authenticity of models, difficulty in coupling human activities, and incomplete verification system were identified. The future directions of physics-guided artificial intelligence, spatiotemporally consistent data fusion, and the development of operational high-resolution datasets were discussed. Based on a systematic assessment of existing methods, a new physics-data dual driven paradigm for intelligent fusion was proposed. Keywords: GRACE satellite data; downscaling; terrestrial water storage; groundwater; hydrological model; remote sensing hydrology 〖FL
2026,42(4):208-215
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.04.021
Abstract:
To address the limited performance of the traditional Xinanjiang
To address the limited performance of the traditional Xinanjiang
2026,42(4):216-223
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.04.022
Abstract:
To accurately identify differentiated regulation pathways linking current water surface ratio and multi-functional demands in hilly county regions, this study takes Changsha County as the research area and selects 56 typical small hilly watersheds as spatial analysis units. Based on remote sensing interpretation and functional target formulation, it systematically evaluates the matching relationship between existing water surface ratios and the demand for drought resistance, flood control and environmental functions at watershed scale. Three management scenarios:flood control-ecology priority, status quo maintenance priority, and comprehensive balance,are constructed to clarify optimal allocation targets of water surface ratio and their spatial differentiation characteristics. The results reveal that current water surface ratio of small watersheds in study area ranges from 0.70% to 12.38%, with an average value of
To accurately identify differentiated regulation pathways linking current water surface ratio and multi-functional demands in hilly county regions, this study takes Changsha County as the research area and selects 56 typical small hilly watersheds as spatial analysis units. Based on remote sensing interpretation and functional target formulation, it systematically evaluates the matching relationship between existing water surface ratios and the demand for drought resistance, flood control and environmental functions at watershed scale. Three management scenarios:flood control-ecology priority, status quo maintenance priority, and comprehensive balance,are constructed to clarify optimal allocation targets of water surface ratio and their spatial differentiation characteristics. The results reveal that current water surface ratio of small watersheds in study area ranges from 0.70% to 12.38%, with an average value of
2026,42(4):224-231, 241
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.04.023
Abstract:
To explore decoupling state and driving factors between economic development and industrial water consumption in Tianjin, this study adopts Tapio decoupling model to analyze spatial and industrial disparities in decoupling relationship between industrial water consumption and economic growth across Tianjin from 2020 to 2023. Logarithmic mean divisia index
To explore decoupling state and driving factors between economic development and industrial water consumption in Tianjin, this study adopts Tapio decoupling model to analyze spatial and industrial disparities in decoupling relationship between industrial water consumption and economic growth across Tianjin from 2020 to 2023. Logarithmic mean divisia index
2026,42(4):232-241
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.04.024
Abstract:
A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model was used to construct a flood routing model for Mengwa flood storage area. The model was verified using remote sensing images, and retrospective simulations of flood routing processes in the flood storage area under three flood diversion scenarios in 2003,2007 and 2020 were performed. The results indicate that the simulated flood inundation results are in good agreement with interpreted remote sensing images, with multiple evaluation indicators above 93%, which verifies the model’s capacity for retrospective simulation of flood diversion scenarios. Flood propagation velocities differ across scenarios; the 2007 flood, characterized by a larger peak discharge and longer duration, arrived at Caotaizi Sluice 8 hours earlier than the 2003 flood. Three flood diversion processes feature distinct patterns:double flood peaks, prolonged high flow, and large peak discharge respectively. Although their flood storage volumes differ greatly, their inundated areas have minor discrepancies, with a maximum difference of only 7.5%. Keywords: two-dimensional hydrodynamics; flood retrospective; remote sensing images; flood inundation; Mengwa flood storage area 〖FL
A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model was used to construct a flood routing model for Mengwa flood storage area. The model was verified using remote sensing images, and retrospective simulations of flood routing processes in the flood storage area under three flood diversion scenarios in 2003,2007 and 2020 were performed. The results indicate that the simulated flood inundation results are in good agreement with interpreted remote sensing images, with multiple evaluation indicators above 93%, which verifies the model’s capacity for retrospective simulation of flood diversion scenarios. Flood propagation velocities differ across scenarios; the 2007 flood, characterized by a larger peak discharge and longer duration, arrived at Caotaizi Sluice 8 hours earlier than the 2003 flood. Three flood diversion processes feature distinct patterns:double flood peaks, prolonged high flow, and large peak discharge respectively. Although their flood storage volumes differ greatly, their inundated areas have minor discrepancies, with a maximum difference of only 7.5%. Keywords: two-dimensional hydrodynamics; flood retrospective; remote sensing images; flood inundation; Mengwa flood storage area 〖FL
2026,42(4):242-250, 271
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.04.025
Abstract:
To investigate the health status of lakes in the Daqing region of Heilongjiang Province and the differences in their dominant influencing factors, the K-means clustering machine learning classification algorithm was employed to group 60 typical lakes in the Daqing region based on their attribute characteristics. This approach explored the common typical features within each group and the differences between groups. An evaluation indicator system was established. Leveraging the high-dimensional nonlinear mapping capability of the random forest algorithm, lake health evaluation models were constructed for each cluster based on the grouping results. These models assessed lake health within each cluster and identified the dominant influencing factors for lake health within each group. The research findings indicate:The typical lakes in the study area can be classified into five clusters based on their attribute characteristics. This grouping can be used to enhance the accuracy of the random forest model for health assessment. The typical features of each cluster are:high phytoplankton diversity index, low vegetation coverage, high water self-purification capacity, high fish stock index, and excellent water quality category. The lake health assessment model based on the random forest algorithm can accurately evaluate the health status of typical lakes in the Daqing region while avoiding the shortcomings of traditional evaluation methods, which are prone to significant subjectivity. The constructed evaluation indicator system comprehensively considers the factors influencing lake health. The newly added evaluation indicators, such as lake area shrinkage ratio
To investigate the health status of lakes in the Daqing region of Heilongjiang Province and the differences in their dominant influencing factors, the K-means clustering machine learning classification algorithm was employed to group 60 typical lakes in the Daqing region based on their attribute characteristics. This approach explored the common typical features within each group and the differences between groups. An evaluation indicator system was established. Leveraging the high-dimensional nonlinear mapping capability of the random forest algorithm, lake health evaluation models were constructed for each cluster based on the grouping results. These models assessed lake health within each cluster and identified the dominant influencing factors for lake health within each group. The research findings indicate:The typical lakes in the study area can be classified into five clusters based on their attribute characteristics. This grouping can be used to enhance the accuracy of the random forest model for health assessment. The typical features of each cluster are:high phytoplankton diversity index, low vegetation coverage, high water self-purification capacity, high fish stock index, and excellent water quality category. The lake health assessment model based on the random forest algorithm can accurately evaluate the health status of typical lakes in the Daqing region while avoiding the shortcomings of traditional evaluation methods, which are prone to significant subjectivity. The constructed evaluation indicator system comprehensively considers the factors influencing lake health. The newly added evaluation indicators, such as lake area shrinkage ratio
2026,42(4):251-259
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.04.026
Abstract:
Focusing on coastal wetlands along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway, this study takes three coastal cities in Jiangsu Province
Focusing on coastal wetlands along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway, this study takes three coastal cities in Jiangsu Province
2026,42(4):260-271
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.04.027
Abstract:
Based on the water quality monitoring data from 26 monitoring sections of Poyang Lake urban agglomeration in 2021, this study extracted landscape pattern metrics under six spatial scales, including riparian buffer zones ranging from 200 m to 2000 m and corresponding sub-watersheds, using the GlobeLand30 dataset. Redundancy analysis and other statistical approaches were adopted to explore multi-scale correlations between landscape patterns and surface water quality. The results showed that the water quality at all monitoring sections met the good grade or above. Water bodies and cultivated land constituted the dominant land use types across riparian buffer zones, while forestland and cultivated land occupied the largest proportions at sub-watershed scale. Construction land,cultivated land and wetland exhibited source-landscape characteristics, whereas forestland exerted positive effects on water quality conservation. In most scenarios, the largest patch index and contagion index had the strongest impact on water quality variations. Human-induced landscape transformation and resultant landscape fragmentation potentially elevated the risk of pollutant transport into rivers. Landscape pattern within 1000 m riparian buffer zone presented the strongest correlation with surface water quality. Accordingly, this study proposes optimizing landscape pattern allocation at 1000 m riparian scale, strengthening pollutant discharge regulation and sewage treatment, and prioritizing the ecological functions of dominant landscape patches. Keywords: landscape pattern; spatial scales; surface water quality; redundancy analysis; Poyang Lake urban agglomeration 〖FL
Based on the water quality monitoring data from 26 monitoring sections of Poyang Lake urban agglomeration in 2021, this study extracted landscape pattern metrics under six spatial scales, including riparian buffer zones ranging from 200 m to 2000 m and corresponding sub-watersheds, using the GlobeLand30 dataset. Redundancy analysis and other statistical approaches were adopted to explore multi-scale correlations between landscape patterns and surface water quality. The results showed that the water quality at all monitoring sections met the good grade or above. Water bodies and cultivated land constituted the dominant land use types across riparian buffer zones, while forestland and cultivated land occupied the largest proportions at sub-watershed scale. Construction land,cultivated land and wetland exhibited source-landscape characteristics, whereas forestland exerted positive effects on water quality conservation. In most scenarios, the largest patch index and contagion index had the strongest impact on water quality variations. Human-induced landscape transformation and resultant landscape fragmentation potentially elevated the risk of pollutant transport into rivers. Landscape pattern within 1000 m riparian buffer zone presented the strongest correlation with surface water quality. Accordingly, this study proposes optimizing landscape pattern allocation at 1000 m riparian scale, strengthening pollutant discharge regulation and sewage treatment, and prioritizing the ecological functions of dominant landscape patches. Keywords: landscape pattern; spatial scales; surface water quality; redundancy analysis; Poyang Lake urban agglomeration 〖FL
2026,42(4):272-282
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.04.028
Abstract:
Taking two natural schizothoracine spawning grounds in the Sequ and Maiqu rivers, tributaries of the upper Lancang River, as the study areas, and Schizothorax lantsangensis and Schizothorax lissolabiatus of the genus Schizothorax
Taking two natural schizothoracine spawning grounds in the Sequ and Maiqu rivers, tributaries of the upper Lancang River, as the study areas, and Schizothorax lantsangensis and Schizothorax lissolabiatus of the genus Schizothorax
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2020,36(1):1-8, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.01.001
Abstract:
The biorentention facility for sponge city construction is a typical ecological technology suitable for decentralized rainwater treatment and utilization. However, at present, there are still some problems restricting its operational efficiency and service life. The key technologies and research progresses of bioretention facilities in sponge city construction are reviewed. It is pointed out that the development of high efficiency purifying filler, the establishment of pollutant migration and transformation model, the optimization of design parameters, the risk assessment of organic micro-pollutants accumulation and the construction of remediation technology will become the hot spot in the future research of bioretention facilities for sponge city construction.
The biorentention facility for sponge city construction is a typical ecological technology suitable for decentralized rainwater treatment and utilization. However, at present, there are still some problems restricting its operational efficiency and service life. The key technologies and research progresses of bioretention facilities in sponge city construction are reviewed. It is pointed out that the development of high efficiency purifying filler, the establishment of pollutant migration and transformation model, the optimization of design parameters, the risk assessment of organic micro-pollutants accumulation and the construction of remediation technology will become the hot spot in the future research of bioretention facilities for sponge city construction.
2020,36(4):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.04.001
Abstract:
Based on the analysis of the existing methods of on-line discharge monitoring of hydrometry stations, this paper summarizes the latest research progress of velocity-area method and hydraulic method in on-line discharge monitoring. Cross section discharge was calculated based on local flow velocity, and the on-line discharge monitoring method based on velocity-area method is divided into three categories: index-velocity method, velocity distribution model method and surface velocity method. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of H-ADCP method, V-ADCP method, two-line energy slope method, radar method, particle image method, water measuring building method and hydraulic building method, and points out that further research will be carried out in improving online discharge monitoring accuracy, improving stability and promoting application.
Based on the analysis of the existing methods of on-line discharge monitoring of hydrometry stations, this paper summarizes the latest research progress of velocity-area method and hydraulic method in on-line discharge monitoring. Cross section discharge was calculated based on local flow velocity, and the on-line discharge monitoring method based on velocity-area method is divided into three categories: index-velocity method, velocity distribution model method and surface velocity method. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of H-ADCP method, V-ADCP method, two-line energy slope method, radar method, particle image method, water measuring building method and hydraulic building method, and points out that further research will be carried out in improving online discharge monitoring accuracy, improving stability and promoting application.
2019,35(1):1-5, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2019.01.001
Abstract:
Based on the analysis of the development process of comprehensive watershed management the basic concept of comprehensive watershed management is put forward, and a multi-dimensional nested theoretical framework of comprehensive watershed management system is constructed, including five dimensions of time, space, factor, process and regulation. Three key technical systems of comprehensive watershed management such as mechanism identification technology system, quantitative simulation technology system and optimization decision-making technology system are proposed, providing scientific support for the practices of comprehensive watershed management in China.
Based on the analysis of the development process of comprehensive watershed management the basic concept of comprehensive watershed management is put forward, and a multi-dimensional nested theoretical framework of comprehensive watershed management system is constructed, including five dimensions of time, space, factor, process and regulation. Three key technical systems of comprehensive watershed management such as mechanism identification technology system, quantitative simulation technology system and optimization decision-making technology system are proposed, providing scientific support for the practices of comprehensive watershed management in China.
2020,36(3):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.03.001
Abstract:
In the past century, great achievements have been made in global water management, which has provided key supports for sustainable development. However, the global water problems keep increasing, it is urgent to further improve water management modes. Based on the development history of water problems, this paper explored the causes of water problems, and analyzed the shortcomings of global water management modes from the aspects of objectives, overall framework, and technical approaches: in the current global water management modes, the natural properties of water cycle and its multi-processes have not been fully integrated, and there exists serious problems such as end-disposal and process-dissociation. The development suggestions for the future water control mode are put forward: from the perspective of coupling multi process mutual feed mechanism of basin water cycle, we should enhance the role of natural attributes and natural forces, and coordinate the function of multi-elements and multi-processes, building a Nature Enriched and Attributes Coordinated Watershed to manage the complex water problems systematically.
In the past century, great achievements have been made in global water management, which has provided key supports for sustainable development. However, the global water problems keep increasing, it is urgent to further improve water management modes. Based on the development history of water problems, this paper explored the causes of water problems, and analyzed the shortcomings of global water management modes from the aspects of objectives, overall framework, and technical approaches: in the current global water management modes, the natural properties of water cycle and its multi-processes have not been fully integrated, and there exists serious problems such as end-disposal and process-dissociation. The development suggestions for the future water control mode are put forward: from the perspective of coupling multi process mutual feed mechanism of basin water cycle, we should enhance the role of natural attributes and natural forces, and coordinate the function of multi-elements and multi-processes, building a Nature Enriched and Attributes Coordinated Watershed to manage the complex water problems systematically.
2020,36(2):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.02.001
Abstract:
In view of the nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin, an evaluation index system covering three criteria layers such as water resources, ecological environment and economic and society is constructed. The water resources carrying capacity of nine provinces in 2002, 2007, 2012 and 2017 was evaluated by the TOPSIS model combined with analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and entropy weight, and the evaluation results of the year of 2017 were diagnosed with obstacle factors. The results show that in the time dimension, the water resources carrying capacity of nine provinces shows an increasing trend, especially in Henan, Shandong and Inner Mongolia, and the improvement of water resources carrying capacity is closely related to the improvement of two criteria level related indicators such as eco-environment, economic society. In the spatial dimension, the water resources carrying capacity of the nine provinces does not reach the level of grade I(carriable level), and the spatial difference is obvious. Water production module, water resources per capita, water supply modulus, ecological water use rate, vegetation coverage rate, water consumption per 10 000 RMB of industrial added value and water consumption per 10 000 RMB of GDP are seven major obstacles, and there are significant differences of some obstacle factors in different provinces.
In view of the nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin, an evaluation index system covering three criteria layers such as water resources, ecological environment and economic and society is constructed. The water resources carrying capacity of nine provinces in 2002, 2007, 2012 and 2017 was evaluated by the TOPSIS model combined with analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and entropy weight, and the evaluation results of the year of 2017 were diagnosed with obstacle factors. The results show that in the time dimension, the water resources carrying capacity of nine provinces shows an increasing trend, especially in Henan, Shandong and Inner Mongolia, and the improvement of water resources carrying capacity is closely related to the improvement of two criteria level related indicators such as eco-environment, economic society. In the spatial dimension, the water resources carrying capacity of the nine provinces does not reach the level of grade I(carriable level), and the spatial difference is obvious. Water production module, water resources per capita, water supply modulus, ecological water use rate, vegetation coverage rate, water consumption per 10 000 RMB of industrial added value and water consumption per 10 000 RMB of GDP are seven major obstacles, and there are significant differences of some obstacle factors in different provinces.
2021,37(1):1-6, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2021.01.001
Abstract:
In order to quantitatively analyze and evaluate the spatial balance and spatial difference of water resources, the combined method of connection number and coupling coordination degree was used to evaluate the spatial balance of regional water resources. Considering the composite relationship of water resources, economic society and ecological environment, an evaluation index system for spatial balance of water resources composed of two systems of water resources carrying capcity and bearing pressure and 15 evaluation indexes was established. The weight of evaluation index was calculated by fuzzy analytic hierarchy process based on accelerating genetic algorithm, and a spatial balance evaluation method of water resources based on connection number and coupling coordination degree was proposed. Taking Anhui Province as an example, the results show that the evaluation method is reasonable when applied to the evaluation of water resources spatial balance, which can make up for the defect that the traditional coupling coordination degree can not reflect the uncertainty problem, and accurately reflect the coordination between systems and the overall development level.
In order to quantitatively analyze and evaluate the spatial balance and spatial difference of water resources, the combined method of connection number and coupling coordination degree was used to evaluate the spatial balance of regional water resources. Considering the composite relationship of water resources, economic society and ecological environment, an evaluation index system for spatial balance of water resources composed of two systems of water resources carrying capcity and bearing pressure and 15 evaluation indexes was established. The weight of evaluation index was calculated by fuzzy analytic hierarchy process based on accelerating genetic algorithm, and a spatial balance evaluation method of water resources based on connection number and coupling coordination degree was proposed. Taking Anhui Province as an example, the results show that the evaluation method is reasonable when applied to the evaluation of water resources spatial balance, which can make up for the defect that the traditional coupling coordination degree can not reflect the uncertainty problem, and accurately reflect the coordination between systems and the overall development level.
2019,35(4):1-8, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2019.04.001
Abstract:
This paper briefly described the surface water environment numerical models, including the development history, the application status, and the latest research results at home and abroad of hydrodynamic models, water quality models and water ecological models. Both methods of analyzing model sensitivity and uncertainty and problems of model precision were emphatically expounded. It is pointed out that the systematization, integration and platform construction of the model, the combination of innovation with emerging technologies supported by large data, and the related management issues such as model synthesis and regulation will become the future research hotspots in the field of water environment simulation and prediction.
This paper briefly described the surface water environment numerical models, including the development history, the application status, and the latest research results at home and abroad of hydrodynamic models, water quality models and water ecological models. Both methods of analyzing model sensitivity and uncertainty and problems of model precision were emphatically expounded. It is pointed out that the systematization, integration and platform construction of the model, the combination of innovation with emerging technologies supported by large data, and the related management issues such as model synthesis and regulation will become the future research hotspots in the field of water environment simulation and prediction.
2020,36(4):40-46, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.04.007
Abstract:
Water samples were collected and analyzed respectively at nine sampling sites along Zhengzhou section of Jialu River in July(water diversion time)and in September(no water diversion time), and then comprehensive water quality identification index method and factor analysis were applied for the evaluation of water quality and apportionment of pollution sources respectively. The results showed that the comprehensive water quality of the upper reaches of the Zhengzhou section of the Jialu River was of level II or III, the water quality of the mid-stream Lakes was classified as IV level, and the downstream water quality was classified as IV to worse than V level; the water quality of Suoxu River and Qili River were worse than V level, worse than V level and black smelly water, respectively. Water diversion from Yellow River to the Jialu river through Yangqiao main canal can only change the water quality of the nearest receiving area temporarily, with no obvious impact on the water quality of Zhengzhou section. Two factors can explain the information of 5 water quality indicators. In the lower reaches of the main stream and the tributaries, the representative indices TN, TP, NH+4-N of the first pollution factor are mainly related to the drainage of the municipal sewage treatment, while the representative indexes of the second pollution factor, CODCr and CODMn, are mainly related to the untreated sewage. The pollution of upper and middle reaches of the Jialu River are mainly non-point source pollution and endogenous pollution.
Water samples were collected and analyzed respectively at nine sampling sites along Zhengzhou section of Jialu River in July(water diversion time)and in September(no water diversion time), and then comprehensive water quality identification index method and factor analysis were applied for the evaluation of water quality and apportionment of pollution sources respectively. The results showed that the comprehensive water quality of the upper reaches of the Zhengzhou section of the Jialu River was of level II or III, the water quality of the mid-stream Lakes was classified as IV level, and the downstream water quality was classified as IV to worse than V level; the water quality of Suoxu River and Qili River were worse than V level, worse than V level and black smelly water, respectively. Water diversion from Yellow River to the Jialu river through Yangqiao main canal can only change the water quality of the nearest receiving area temporarily, with no obvious impact on the water quality of Zhengzhou section. Two factors can explain the information of 5 water quality indicators. In the lower reaches of the main stream and the tributaries, the representative indices TN, TP, NH+4-N of the first pollution factor are mainly related to the drainage of the municipal sewage treatment, while the representative indexes of the second pollution factor, CODCr and CODMn, are mainly related to the untreated sewage. The pollution of upper and middle reaches of the Jialu River are mainly non-point source pollution and endogenous pollution.
2015,31(6):76-80, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2015.06.012
Abstract:
The pollution capacity of 4 493 national key water function zones has been checked. Taking water quality status, pollution capacity and present pollution loads entering water body into consideration, the principles for the limitation of discharged pollution are put forward. The aimed results of the pollution control during 2020 and 2030 are as follow: COD will be 5. 852 million t/a and NH3-N will be 0. 526 million t/a in 2020 level year, COD will be 5. 430 million t /a and NH3-N will be 0. 465 million t /a in 2030 level year. The results of the pollution control in each province are analyzed, which show that the annual limitation of total amount of pollution discharged in most provinces is gradually decreasing, which is consistent with the increasing of water quality compliance rate. According to the pollution control scheme, the measures for enhancing management of the limitation of discharged pollution are proposed, including accelerate the construction of monitoring water resources, strengthen the supervision and administration of water function zones, strictly control the pollution loads entering water body, increase investment in water conservation, improve the system of policies and regulations, strengthen the propaganda and education and improve the mechanism of public participation.
The pollution capacity of 4 493 national key water function zones has been checked. Taking water quality status, pollution capacity and present pollution loads entering water body into consideration, the principles for the limitation of discharged pollution are put forward. The aimed results of the pollution control during 2020 and 2030 are as follow: COD will be 5. 852 million t/a and NH3-N will be 0. 526 million t/a in 2020 level year, COD will be 5. 430 million t /a and NH3-N will be 0. 465 million t /a in 2030 level year. The results of the pollution control in each province are analyzed, which show that the annual limitation of total amount of pollution discharged in most provinces is gradually decreasing, which is consistent with the increasing of water quality compliance rate. According to the pollution control scheme, the measures for enhancing management of the limitation of discharged pollution are proposed, including accelerate the construction of monitoring water resources, strengthen the supervision and administration of water function zones, strictly control the pollution loads entering water body, increase investment in water conservation, improve the system of policies and regulations, strengthen the propaganda and education and improve the mechanism of public participation.
2015,31(2):7-14, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2015.02.002
Abstract:
Based on the drought monitoring theory and daily precipitation data covering the period of 1961 2010 in Xinjiang, we compared and analyzed the effectiveness and practicability of the effective drought index (EDI) and standardized precipitation indexes (SPI) based on different time scale (1 , 3 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 24 month). The result shows that EDI is more superior to SPI no matter for short term drought or long term drought. SPI of short term scale is greatly influenced by short duration precipitation, which obviously reflects the variation of drought and flood in short period in Xinjiang. With the expanding of time scale, SPI gradually loses its feedback from short duration precipitation. However, it can still reflect the obvious trend of drought and flood over the long term scale. Like SPI, EDI can also reflect the influence caused by short term drought and recent precipitation. Moreover, with the time passing by, EDI is able to give different weight to everyday precipitation considering the influence to the current drought statues caused by former precipitation. Relevant researches can provide significant theoretical basis to the drought monitoring in humid and some other climatic zones.
Based on the drought monitoring theory and daily precipitation data covering the period of 1961 2010 in Xinjiang, we compared and analyzed the effectiveness and practicability of the effective drought index (EDI) and standardized precipitation indexes (SPI) based on different time scale (1 , 3 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 24 month). The result shows that EDI is more superior to SPI no matter for short term drought or long term drought. SPI of short term scale is greatly influenced by short duration precipitation, which obviously reflects the variation of drought and flood in short period in Xinjiang. With the expanding of time scale, SPI gradually loses its feedback from short duration precipitation. However, it can still reflect the obvious trend of drought and flood over the long term scale. Like SPI, EDI can also reflect the influence caused by short term drought and recent precipitation. Moreover, with the time passing by, EDI is able to give different weight to everyday precipitation considering the influence to the current drought statues caused by former precipitation. Relevant researches can provide significant theoretical basis to the drought monitoring in humid and some other climatic zones.
2020,36(1):31-37, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.01.005
Abstract:
Based on the 30 m×30 m resolution Landsat remote sensing data, the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of vegetation coverage in Chabagou Watershed from 1987 to 2018 were analyzed, and the soil surface erosion level map of the watershed was generated to analyze its impact on runoff generation and sediment yield in the watershed. The results show that the vegetation coverage of Chabagou Watershed was increasing rapidly, from 24. 7% in 1987 to 53. 1% in 2018. The composition of vegetation coverage in the watershed had changed a lot. Since 2002, the proportion of medium and high coverage areas increased significantly, and the growth was mainly concentrated in hilly and gully areas. With the increase of vegetation coverage in the watershed, the runoff generation and sediment yield decreased, and the surface erosion decreased. The impact of vegetation on sediment yield was greater than that on runoff generation.
Based on the 30 m×30 m resolution Landsat remote sensing data, the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of vegetation coverage in Chabagou Watershed from 1987 to 2018 were analyzed, and the soil surface erosion level map of the watershed was generated to analyze its impact on runoff generation and sediment yield in the watershed. The results show that the vegetation coverage of Chabagou Watershed was increasing rapidly, from 24. 7% in 1987 to 53. 1% in 2018. The composition of vegetation coverage in the watershed had changed a lot. Since 2002, the proportion of medium and high coverage areas increased significantly, and the growth was mainly concentrated in hilly and gully areas. With the increase of vegetation coverage in the watershed, the runoff generation and sediment yield decreased, and the surface erosion decreased. The impact of vegetation on sediment yield was greater than that on runoff generation.
2019,35(2):1-12, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2019.02.001
Abstract:
According to in-situ data analysis, the causes of eco-problem in hydro-environmental variation in recent year in Poyang Lake in the lower Yangtze River, and the effect of awidely concerned sluice gate at its outlet are discussed. It is revealed that 1)the ahead of time dry-up after flood seasons is mainly due to the reservoirs impoundment in the upper reach of the Yangtze River, that changed the runoff regime and caused an ahead-seasonal drying in water level for 2-4 m all the way along the Yangtze; 2)massive sand-mining in the outlet channel of Poyang Lake has destructed the natural hydraulic mechanism that elevated the pool in dry seasons, causing a 2 m lowering from February to march at Duchang; 3)retention of reservoirs in the Poyang basin and the general loweredsummer pool in Poyang lake also diminish the after-flood discharge of the lake(August to October), exacerbating the extreme drying especially for the lakes delta regions after season. A sluice gate at the lakes outlet can hold-up and even elevate the lakes pool, but it can also obstruct the migration of fishes for about half-year and impact the habitat and food sources for migratory birds and the water quality of the lake as it becomes an artificial impoundment from riverine regime by the gate in dry seasons. It is also worth worrying about more possible problems for the Yangtze ecosystem as a whole in habitat diversity from the gates, as dams will be thoroughly partitioned in addition to the Three Gorges dam, with more negative effect on fluvial morphology, water level in dry seasons, tidal limits and salt water intrusion. Finally, five countermeasures for comprehensive restoration of both the Yangtze and the Poyang Lake were proposed.
According to in-situ data analysis, the causes of eco-problem in hydro-environmental variation in recent year in Poyang Lake in the lower Yangtze River, and the effect of awidely concerned sluice gate at its outlet are discussed. It is revealed that 1)the ahead of time dry-up after flood seasons is mainly due to the reservoirs impoundment in the upper reach of the Yangtze River, that changed the runoff regime and caused an ahead-seasonal drying in water level for 2-4 m all the way along the Yangtze; 2)massive sand-mining in the outlet channel of Poyang Lake has destructed the natural hydraulic mechanism that elevated the pool in dry seasons, causing a 2 m lowering from February to march at Duchang; 3)retention of reservoirs in the Poyang basin and the general loweredsummer pool in Poyang lake also diminish the after-flood discharge of the lake(August to October), exacerbating the extreme drying especially for the lakes delta regions after season. A sluice gate at the lakes outlet can hold-up and even elevate the lakes pool, but it can also obstruct the migration of fishes for about half-year and impact the habitat and food sources for migratory birds and the water quality of the lake as it becomes an artificial impoundment from riverine regime by the gate in dry seasons. It is also worth worrying about more possible problems for the Yangtze ecosystem as a whole in habitat diversity from the gates, as dams will be thoroughly partitioned in addition to the Three Gorges dam, with more negative effect on fluvial morphology, water level in dry seasons, tidal limits and salt water intrusion. Finally, five countermeasures for comprehensive restoration of both the Yangtze and the Poyang Lake were proposed.
2015,31(6):8-17, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2015.06.002
Abstract:
The research progress of ground water deep circulation was summarized. In the inner flow area of Tibet Plateau, the water resources present a huge imbalance, lakes and rivers have a strong leakage. The annual leakage of water is estimated to exceed 1 012 m3. Meanwhile, the groundwater in northern China is also showing a great imbalance. The volcano or rift valley areas, where the precipitation is very small, have a large number of springs gushing out into the rivers and lakes. Rivers and lakes in Inner Mongolia Plateau and Northeast China are beaded distribution in the north-east direction. By analyzing the groundwater supply source of Tianchi Lake in Changbai Mountains, it is determined that the main source of groundwater is from outside regions. The only area which can meet the altitude, isotope signature and others features like leakage at the same time is the inner flow area of Tibet plateau. Isotope signature of strontium and helium of groundwater in Northern China reveal the water rock interaction occurring between the deep-circle groundwater and mantle basalt. The high-conductivity and low-velocity layer in Baikal and Shanxi Rift Valley may be deep-circle groundwater pathways, wherein the basalt porous is conveyance structure. Deep-circle groundwater flowed out from the volcano and rift valley areas, springing water flowed into rivers and lakes. The geothermal gradient in the river source region is lower than the normal value. The leakage water of inner flow area of Tibet Plateau through the deep circulation transport to Inner Mongolia Plateau, Ordos, Alashan, North China Plain, Northeast China Plain, Lake Baikal, the East China Sea, South China Sea, etc. The age of groundwater is increasing, from west to east, generally between 20~40 a.
The research progress of ground water deep circulation was summarized. In the inner flow area of Tibet Plateau, the water resources present a huge imbalance, lakes and rivers have a strong leakage. The annual leakage of water is estimated to exceed 1 012 m3. Meanwhile, the groundwater in northern China is also showing a great imbalance. The volcano or rift valley areas, where the precipitation is very small, have a large number of springs gushing out into the rivers and lakes. Rivers and lakes in Inner Mongolia Plateau and Northeast China are beaded distribution in the north-east direction. By analyzing the groundwater supply source of Tianchi Lake in Changbai Mountains, it is determined that the main source of groundwater is from outside regions. The only area which can meet the altitude, isotope signature and others features like leakage at the same time is the inner flow area of Tibet plateau. Isotope signature of strontium and helium of groundwater in Northern China reveal the water rock interaction occurring between the deep-circle groundwater and mantle basalt. The high-conductivity and low-velocity layer in Baikal and Shanxi Rift Valley may be deep-circle groundwater pathways, wherein the basalt porous is conveyance structure. Deep-circle groundwater flowed out from the volcano and rift valley areas, springing water flowed into rivers and lakes. The geothermal gradient in the river source region is lower than the normal value. The leakage water of inner flow area of Tibet Plateau through the deep circulation transport to Inner Mongolia Plateau, Ordos, Alashan, North China Plain, Northeast China Plain, Lake Baikal, the East China Sea, South China Sea, etc. The age of groundwater is increasing, from west to east, generally between 20~40 a.
2017,33(1):1-8, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2017.01.001
Abstract:
Based on a review of the problems and challenges of sponge city construction in China, the concept and methodology of an urban water system integrating urban rainstorm-runoff, water pollution control, and an urban ecological greenbelt with wetland and municipal construction(drainage and sewage)are proposed. Based on hydrological theories, the concept of the control rate of total annual runoff, which is the most critical and difficult-to-quantify factor in the construction of a sponge city, is analyzed. It is pointed out that the currently calculated control rate of total annual runoff is actually the control rate of total annual precipitation. Hence, it is necessary to establish an internal relation with the gain factor of the response of the hydrological system, i. e. , the runoff coefficient. It also needs to be noted that the runoff coefficient is not a constant, but the time-varying nonlinearity of the combination of soil moisture, precipitation intensity, and the underlying surface. Additionally, the relationship between low impact development(LID)during sponge city construction and the improved control rate of total annual runoff are analyzed, in order to examine the conditions and risks of sea views in cities. Finally, it is suggested that the runoff coefficient nonlinearity, the differences in storage capacity between natural conditions and the conditions after urbanization, river and lake water system storage and land evapotranspiration, basin sponge regulation and control, and risk management should be strengthened on the hydrological basis of sponge city construction and planning. Some suggestions for future sponge city construction in China are put forward.
Based on a review of the problems and challenges of sponge city construction in China, the concept and methodology of an urban water system integrating urban rainstorm-runoff, water pollution control, and an urban ecological greenbelt with wetland and municipal construction(drainage and sewage)are proposed. Based on hydrological theories, the concept of the control rate of total annual runoff, which is the most critical and difficult-to-quantify factor in the construction of a sponge city, is analyzed. It is pointed out that the currently calculated control rate of total annual runoff is actually the control rate of total annual precipitation. Hence, it is necessary to establish an internal relation with the gain factor of the response of the hydrological system, i. e. , the runoff coefficient. It also needs to be noted that the runoff coefficient is not a constant, but the time-varying nonlinearity of the combination of soil moisture, precipitation intensity, and the underlying surface. Additionally, the relationship between low impact development(LID)during sponge city construction and the improved control rate of total annual runoff are analyzed, in order to examine the conditions and risks of sea views in cities. Finally, it is suggested that the runoff coefficient nonlinearity, the differences in storage capacity between natural conditions and the conditions after urbanization, river and lake water system storage and land evapotranspiration, basin sponge regulation and control, and risk management should be strengthened on the hydrological basis of sponge city construction and planning. Some suggestions for future sponge city construction in China are put forward.
2020,36(3):46-51, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.03.009
Abstract:
In order to acquaint with the current status of surface water environment in Central European countries along the “Belt and Road”, the data of surface water pollutants in Central European countries in recent years were summarized, and the pollution status of surface water environment was analyzed. The results show that the levels of conventional pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals in four river basins such as Vistula River basin show a downward trend since the 1970s. However, further treatment route was still needed to remove the pollutants. At present, the levels of emerging pollutants such as antibiotics in each river basin were increasing, which was mainly resulted from the urban sewage discharge. In the future, different types of pollutants should be treated according to their specific sources, while the cooperation between nations on water pollutants treatment should be strengthened to promote the quality of water environment in Central European countries, promoting the economic and social development of countries along the “Belt and Road”.
In order to acquaint with the current status of surface water environment in Central European countries along the “Belt and Road”, the data of surface water pollutants in Central European countries in recent years were summarized, and the pollution status of surface water environment was analyzed. The results show that the levels of conventional pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals in four river basins such as Vistula River basin show a downward trend since the 1970s. However, further treatment route was still needed to remove the pollutants. At present, the levels of emerging pollutants such as antibiotics in each river basin were increasing, which was mainly resulted from the urban sewage discharge. In the future, different types of pollutants should be treated according to their specific sources, while the cooperation between nations on water pollutants treatment should be strengthened to promote the quality of water environment in Central European countries, promoting the economic and social development of countries along the “Belt and Road”.
2016,32(6):156-162, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2016.06.025
Abstract:
This paper summarizes the status of fishway planning and construction in recent years in China. Two typical cases(the Changzhou Water Control Project and the Cuijiaying Navigation-Hydropower Junction)are presented to illustrate the current status of fishways in China. The restrictive factors in the construction and operation of China’s fishways are analyzed with regard to technologies, supervision and management, operational maintenance, and policy systems. Some suggestions, including strengthening research on key technologies, formulating and implementing basins’ environmental protection plans, and implementing adaptive management and accelerating the improvement of relevant policies and regulations, are provided, in order to promote the rapid and healthy development of fishways in China.
This paper summarizes the status of fishway planning and construction in recent years in China. Two typical cases(the Changzhou Water Control Project and the Cuijiaying Navigation-Hydropower Junction)are presented to illustrate the current status of fishways in China. The restrictive factors in the construction and operation of China’s fishways are analyzed with regard to technologies, supervision and management, operational maintenance, and policy systems. Some suggestions, including strengthening research on key technologies, formulating and implementing basins’ environmental protection plans, and implementing adaptive management and accelerating the improvement of relevant policies and regulations, are provided, in order to promote the rapid and healthy development of fishways in China.
2015,31(1):22-29, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2015.01.004
Abstract:
Measures taken in various stages of river regulation in Japan were thoroughly reviewed and interpreted. The “multi natural river” regulation project in Japan was especially summarized and analyzed, making the river regulation ideas and technical measures of different stages clear. The purpose of this paper is to provide references of ideas and technical method about how to combine water conservancy project construction with ecological restoration and water quality improvement for Chinese river regulation.
Measures taken in various stages of river regulation in Japan were thoroughly reviewed and interpreted. The “multi natural river” regulation project in Japan was especially summarized and analyzed, making the river regulation ideas and technical measures of different stages clear. The purpose of this paper is to provide references of ideas and technical method about how to combine water conservancy project construction with ecological restoration and water quality improvement for Chinese river regulation.
2015,31(1):41-47, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2015.01.007
Abstract:
In order to improve the flood control capacity, the water supply security for irrigation and the living environment in rural area, beginning with the present status and problems of rural river regulation in China, the policy measures and the project investment for rural river regulation in China were analyzed, and the present status and development trends of related technology of rural river regulation in China were discussed. The countermeasures and project measures, the ideas and development direction of rural river regulation were put forward. The purpose of this paper is to provide certain reference for the future rural river regulation.
In order to improve the flood control capacity, the water supply security for irrigation and the living environment in rural area, beginning with the present status and problems of rural river regulation in China, the policy measures and the project investment for rural river regulation in China were analyzed, and the present status and development trends of related technology of rural river regulation in China were discussed. The countermeasures and project measures, the ideas and development direction of rural river regulation were put forward. The purpose of this paper is to provide certain reference for the future rural river regulation.
2019,35(1):6-13, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2019.01.002
Abstract:
In order to quantify the water consumption of winter wheat, and make use of the regional water resources rationally, water footprint of winter wheat in Haihe River Basin from 1958 to 2016 was accounted, and direct and indirect effects of meteorological and agricultural input on water footprint of winter wheat was analyzed based on Penman formula, daily scale soil water balance and path analysis. The results show that the years average total water footprint of winter wheat in the basin was 239. 6 billion m3 and the average unit water footprint was 1 840 m3/t. The water footprint shows a significantly decreasing trend. The water footprint was heterogeneous in space with the largest water footprint in Beijing and Tianjin, followed by Shanxi, Shandong and Henan. The total power of agricultural machinery and the amount of converted fertilizer application have the biggest direct effect on the water footprint of winter wheat. Meteorological factors influence water footprint of winter wheat mainly by input factors of agricultural production. Water footprint of winter wheat can be reduced by increasing agricultural productivity. Fertilization should be reduced in areas with high grey water footprint, such as Beijing and Tianjin.
In order to quantify the water consumption of winter wheat, and make use of the regional water resources rationally, water footprint of winter wheat in Haihe River Basin from 1958 to 2016 was accounted, and direct and indirect effects of meteorological and agricultural input on water footprint of winter wheat was analyzed based on Penman formula, daily scale soil water balance and path analysis. The results show that the years average total water footprint of winter wheat in the basin was 239. 6 billion m3 and the average unit water footprint was 1 840 m3/t. The water footprint shows a significantly decreasing trend. The water footprint was heterogeneous in space with the largest water footprint in Beijing and Tianjin, followed by Shanxi, Shandong and Henan. The total power of agricultural machinery and the amount of converted fertilizer application have the biggest direct effect on the water footprint of winter wheat. Meteorological factors influence water footprint of winter wheat mainly by input factors of agricultural production. Water footprint of winter wheat can be reduced by increasing agricultural productivity. Fertilization should be reduced in areas with high grey water footprint, such as Beijing and Tianjin.
2019,35(3):1-6, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2019.03.001
Abstract:
In view of the problems of in-situ or ectopic remediation technology of contaminated sediment, such as the need to introduce foreign materials, or the long-term occupation of land and the prone to secondary pollution, etc. , a contaminated sediment backfill technology(CSBT)was put forward, in which the dredged sediment is sintered into ceramists and backfilled into the original dredged area after dewatering, drying and harmless treatment. The potential of CSBT for remediation of sediment was discussed in terms of enhancing bed stability, clarifying mud-water interface, changing vertical distribution of dissolved oxygen in sediment and reducing pollutant release flux from sediment. Sediment dredging can directly remove most of the surface pollutants, while sintering at high temperature during the preparation of ceramsite can reduce the pollution of dredged sediment. The stability of the bed surface increases, the particles are not easy to suspend again under the same hydrodynamic conditions, the release flux of sediment decreases significantly, and the permeation depth of dissolved oxygen on the bed surface increases after ceramsite backfilling.
In view of the problems of in-situ or ectopic remediation technology of contaminated sediment, such as the need to introduce foreign materials, or the long-term occupation of land and the prone to secondary pollution, etc. , a contaminated sediment backfill technology(CSBT)was put forward, in which the dredged sediment is sintered into ceramists and backfilled into the original dredged area after dewatering, drying and harmless treatment. The potential of CSBT for remediation of sediment was discussed in terms of enhancing bed stability, clarifying mud-water interface, changing vertical distribution of dissolved oxygen in sediment and reducing pollutant release flux from sediment. Sediment dredging can directly remove most of the surface pollutants, while sintering at high temperature during the preparation of ceramsite can reduce the pollution of dredged sediment. The stability of the bed surface increases, the particles are not easy to suspend again under the same hydrodynamic conditions, the release flux of sediment decreases significantly, and the permeation depth of dissolved oxygen on the bed surface increases after ceramsite backfilling.
Journal information
- Supervisory Authority
Ministry of Education，P.R.China
- Sponsored by
Hohai University; Chinese Hydraulic Engineering Society
- Editor-in-Chief
WANG Peifang
- Address：
No.1 Xikang Road ,Nanjing 210098, P. R. China
- Postcode：
210098
- Phone：
025-83786642
- E-mail：
bh1985@vip.163.com,bh@hhu.edu.cn
- CN：
32-1356/TV
- ISSN：
1004-6933
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