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2026,42(3):1-8
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.03.001
Abstract:
Based on the characteristics of extreme water cycle, the connotation and theoretical basis of ecological prevention and control of water disasters were explained by combining frontier theories, such as Nature Enriched and Attributes Coordinated Watershed and gray-green infrastructure coordination. A new paradigm for water disaster prevention through gray-green infrastructure—a technical system integrating Three-Dimensional Diagnosis of Hydrological Distortion, Spatiotemporal Remapping of Runoff Coefficient, and Dual Control of Water Yield and Consumptive Use were proposed. Addressing the current need for transforming water disaster defense systems, it outlines practical implementation pathways including zoned and categorized implementation, intelligent management, and institutional mechanism innovation. These findings aim to provide the theoretical underpinnings and technical pathways to advance a critical shift in water disaster prevention, involving moving from an engineering-led “storage”and “dredge” mode to an ecology-first “adaptation mode”.
Based on the characteristics of extreme water cycle, the connotation and theoretical basis of ecological prevention and control of water disasters were explained by combining frontier theories, such as Nature Enriched and Attributes Coordinated Watershed and gray-green infrastructure coordination. A new paradigm for water disaster prevention through gray-green infrastructure—a technical system integrating Three-Dimensional Diagnosis of Hydrological Distortion, Spatiotemporal Remapping of Runoff Coefficient, and Dual Control of Water Yield and Consumptive Use were proposed. Addressing the current need for transforming water disaster defense systems, it outlines practical implementation pathways including zoned and categorized implementation, intelligent management, and institutional mechanism innovation. These findings aim to provide the theoretical underpinnings and technical pathways to advance a critical shift in water disaster prevention, involving moving from an engineering-led “storage”and “dredge” mode to an ecology-first “adaptation mode”.
2026,42(3):9-22, 56
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.03.002
Abstract:
This study constructed a multi-dimensional coupled risk network for the Yangtze River Basin’s “meteorology-hydrology-socioeconomic-ecology-water conservancy projects” using complex network theory and causal diagnosis technology. Based on network topological indices(e.g., node degree, small world coefficient), the influence mechanisms of typical water conservancy projects including the South to North Water Diversion Project, Three Gorges Project, Water Diversion from the Yangtze River to Taihu Lake, and Niulanjiang River Water Supplement Project on system characteristics were systematically revealed. Results show that: The risk network of the Yangtze River Basin’s complex water resources system contains 368 nodes and 1208 edges, exhibiting significant small world network characteristics. It displays differentiated spatial distribution patterns of “meteorological/ecological factors driving the upstream and socio economic factors driving the middle and lower reaches.” The network features 5 long chains, presenting bimodal topological structural characteristics: “local conduction via short chains in the upstream and cross regional coercion via long chains in the middle and lower reaches.”Quantitative analysis of typical scenarios reveals that: The South to North Water Diversion Project, Water Diversion from the Yangtze River to Taihu Lake, and Niulanjiang River Water Supplement Project increased the small world coefficient by 5.45%, 4.43%, and 0.99%, respectively, playing positive roles in optimizing network structure and maintaining system stability. The Three Gorges Project led to a 1.23% decrease in the small world coefficient due to hydrological path reconstruction and was identified as the core control project of the basin, which helps enhance local robustness and improve the system’s adaptability to failures of key nodes. The Water Diversion from the Yangtze River to Taihu Lake alleviates the ecological cascade effect in the Taihu Lake region by connecting new causal chains, while the South to North Water Diversion Project enhances the robustness of the cross regional network. Based on these findings, multi scale blocking strategies integrating node level early warning, path interception, and network wide coordination are proposed.
This study constructed a multi-dimensional coupled risk network for the Yangtze River Basin’s “meteorology-hydrology-socioeconomic-ecology-water conservancy projects” using complex network theory and causal diagnosis technology. Based on network topological indices(e.g., node degree, small world coefficient), the influence mechanisms of typical water conservancy projects including the South to North Water Diversion Project, Three Gorges Project, Water Diversion from the Yangtze River to Taihu Lake, and Niulanjiang River Water Supplement Project on system characteristics were systematically revealed. Results show that: The risk network of the Yangtze River Basin’s complex water resources system contains 368 nodes and 1208 edges, exhibiting significant small world network characteristics. It displays differentiated spatial distribution patterns of “meteorological/ecological factors driving the upstream and socio economic factors driving the middle and lower reaches.” The network features 5 long chains, presenting bimodal topological structural characteristics: “local conduction via short chains in the upstream and cross regional coercion via long chains in the middle and lower reaches.”Quantitative analysis of typical scenarios reveals that: The South to North Water Diversion Project, Water Diversion from the Yangtze River to Taihu Lake, and Niulanjiang River Water Supplement Project increased the small world coefficient by 5.45%, 4.43%, and 0.99%, respectively, playing positive roles in optimizing network structure and maintaining system stability. The Three Gorges Project led to a 1.23% decrease in the small world coefficient due to hydrological path reconstruction and was identified as the core control project of the basin, which helps enhance local robustness and improve the system’s adaptability to failures of key nodes. The Water Diversion from the Yangtze River to Taihu Lake alleviates the ecological cascade effect in the Taihu Lake region by connecting new causal chains, while the South to North Water Diversion Project enhances the robustness of the cross regional network. Based on these findings, multi scale blocking strategies integrating node level early warning, path interception, and network wide coordination are proposed.
2026,42(3):23-31
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.03.003
Abstract:
In order to study the upstream distance of water backflow into the river channel, clarify the main control mechanism and dynamic laws of the tidal current limit, taking the Shiqi River, a typical tributary of the Nanjing section of the lower Yangtze River, as an example, 302 sets of runoff and tidal range conditions were simulated, and the variation range of tidal current limit in relatively dry years was quantified. The influence of runoff-tidal coupling on the tidal current limit was explored. The results show that the variation range of tidal current limit in the study area is from 0 to 7.64 km, and runoff is the dominant factor controlling the displacement of the tidal current limit. For every 1 m 3/s increase in runoff, the tidal current limit can be moved down by nearly 3.9 km, while the tidal range needs to be increased by more than 7 times to generate corresponding displacement in the tidal current limit. Affected by the downstream straight river regime, the confluence area of main and tributary rivers is the core stable zone of the tidal current limit. This terrain can effectively reduce the resistance caused by shallow shoals and bifurcations, allowing the tidal current limit to maintain a stable distribution with a high proportion(66%~75%) at both high and low top water levels. The distance from the tidal current limit to the estuary shows a stepped and non linear upward migration with the increase of tidal runoff ratio, which is different from the logarithmic change of the main stream. The tidal current limit in main stream of the Yangtze River is less sensitive to runoff due to its larger runoff and stronger tidal dynamics, with a variation range of 0.86 times that of tributaries.
In order to study the upstream distance of water backflow into the river channel, clarify the main control mechanism and dynamic laws of the tidal current limit, taking the Shiqi River, a typical tributary of the Nanjing section of the lower Yangtze River, as an example, 302 sets of runoff and tidal range conditions were simulated, and the variation range of tidal current limit in relatively dry years was quantified. The influence of runoff-tidal coupling on the tidal current limit was explored. The results show that the variation range of tidal current limit in the study area is from 0 to 7.64 km, and runoff is the dominant factor controlling the displacement of the tidal current limit. For every 1 m 3/s increase in runoff, the tidal current limit can be moved down by nearly 3.9 km, while the tidal range needs to be increased by more than 7 times to generate corresponding displacement in the tidal current limit. Affected by the downstream straight river regime, the confluence area of main and tributary rivers is the core stable zone of the tidal current limit. This terrain can effectively reduce the resistance caused by shallow shoals and bifurcations, allowing the tidal current limit to maintain a stable distribution with a high proportion(66%~75%) at both high and low top water levels. The distance from the tidal current limit to the estuary shows a stepped and non linear upward migration with the increase of tidal runoff ratio, which is different from the logarithmic change of the main stream. The tidal current limit in main stream of the Yangtze River is less sensitive to runoff due to its larger runoff and stronger tidal dynamics, with a variation range of 0.86 times that of tributaries.
Wu Chuanhao, Lu Jiabao, Gong Zhengjie, Xu Kai, Zhang Yuefen, Tian Jiyang, Li Qiongfang, Wang Wenpeng
2026,42(3):32-40
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.03.004
Abstract:
Based on multi-source data and using water use efficiency (WUE) as a key indicator of carbon absorption efficiency in vegetation ecosystems, a quantitative identification framework for WUE response and recovery under flash drought stress was constructed using methods such as coincidence analysis and machine learning. The spatial distribution pattern of WUE decline time and recovery time under flash drought stress during the growing season (April to September) in the Yangtze River Basin from 1982 to 2019 was evaluated, and the meteorological driving mechanism of WUE changes during the development of flash drought was quantitatively analyzed. The results indicate that the lag time of WUE response to flash drought in most areas of the Yangtze River Basin is within 1 pentad, and the sensitive areas of response are mainly distributed in the central and southeastern parts of the Yangtze River Basin. The recovery time of WUE in most areas of the Yangtze River Basin under flash drought stress is 1.5~3.5 pentads, with longer decline time and recovery time of WUE in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The evapotranspiration has the greatest impact on WUE during the flash drought outbreak stage, and there are significant differences in the response of WUE to meteorological factors among different types of vegetation during the flash drought recovery stage. Among them, shortwave radiation, precipitation, and evapotranspiration are the main controlling factors for WUE changes in forests, cultivated land, and grasslands, respectively.
Based on multi-source data and using water use efficiency (WUE) as a key indicator of carbon absorption efficiency in vegetation ecosystems, a quantitative identification framework for WUE response and recovery under flash drought stress was constructed using methods such as coincidence analysis and machine learning. The spatial distribution pattern of WUE decline time and recovery time under flash drought stress during the growing season (April to September) in the Yangtze River Basin from 1982 to 2019 was evaluated, and the meteorological driving mechanism of WUE changes during the development of flash drought was quantitatively analyzed. The results indicate that the lag time of WUE response to flash drought in most areas of the Yangtze River Basin is within 1 pentad, and the sensitive areas of response are mainly distributed in the central and southeastern parts of the Yangtze River Basin. The recovery time of WUE in most areas of the Yangtze River Basin under flash drought stress is 1.5~3.5 pentads, with longer decline time and recovery time of WUE in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The evapotranspiration has the greatest impact on WUE during the flash drought outbreak stage, and there are significant differences in the response of WUE to meteorological factors among different types of vegetation during the flash drought recovery stage. Among them, shortwave radiation, precipitation, and evapotranspiration are the main controlling factors for WUE changes in forests, cultivated land, and grasslands, respectively.
2026,42(3):41-47
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.03.005
Abstract:
A comprehensive evaluation framework for the water ecological footprint of Guiyang City has been constructed, covering current situation assessment, mechanism explanation, trend prediction, and path assessment. The key factors driving the evolution of water ecological footprint have been identified. The water ecological footprint of Guiyang City from 2024 to 2028 under various policy scenarios was predicted and the adaptive management path was evaluated. The results show that from 2024 to 2028, the water ecological footprint depth per capita in Guiyang City is always greater than 1, indicating that the city has a long-term dependence on existing water resources. The analysis of the driving mechanism shows that, GDP, unit GDP water intensity and total water supply are the main factors driving the evolution of Guiyang’s water ecological footprint. The water-saving path is the optimal adaptive management path for Guiyang City from 2024 to 2028, which performs the best in risk avoidance and system resilience.
A comprehensive evaluation framework for the water ecological footprint of Guiyang City has been constructed, covering current situation assessment, mechanism explanation, trend prediction, and path assessment. The key factors driving the evolution of water ecological footprint have been identified. The water ecological footprint of Guiyang City from 2024 to 2028 under various policy scenarios was predicted and the adaptive management path was evaluated. The results show that from 2024 to 2028, the water ecological footprint depth per capita in Guiyang City is always greater than 1, indicating that the city has a long-term dependence on existing water resources. The analysis of the driving mechanism shows that, GDP, unit GDP water intensity and total water supply are the main factors driving the evolution of Guiyang’s water ecological footprint. The water-saving path is the optimal adaptive management path for Guiyang City from 2024 to 2028, which performs the best in risk avoidance and system resilience.
2026,42(3):48-56
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.03.006
Abstract:
To study the impact of the accuracy of precipitation inputs on flood simulation, the Dapoling Basin was selected as a small-scale representative watershed. The improvement effects of three fusion algorithms, namely, inverse distance weight (IDW), optimal interpolation (OI) and Kalman filter (KF), on the satellite precipitation products of CMORPH were evaluated, and the flood simulation capabilities of different precipitation data sources were analyzed based on the Xin'anjiang model. The results show that compared with the original data, the OI method improves CMORPH most significantly, with the median correlation coefficient raised to 0.783, and the median mean absolute error and root mean square error reduced by 49.2% and 36.6%, respectively. The accuracy of IDW method is second, and the improvement of KF method is limited. The flood simulation driven by using OI fused precipitation data is the most effective, with the mean Nash Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient improved by about 32.8% compared with the ground data, of which the simulation of post2000 flood field is improved by 57.1%, which confirms that the multi source fused precipitation data can effectively improve the flood simulation accuracy of the Dapoling Basin.
To study the impact of the accuracy of precipitation inputs on flood simulation, the Dapoling Basin was selected as a small-scale representative watershed. The improvement effects of three fusion algorithms, namely, inverse distance weight (IDW), optimal interpolation (OI) and Kalman filter (KF), on the satellite precipitation products of CMORPH were evaluated, and the flood simulation capabilities of different precipitation data sources were analyzed based on the Xin'anjiang model. The results show that compared with the original data, the OI method improves CMORPH most significantly, with the median correlation coefficient raised to 0.783, and the median mean absolute error and root mean square error reduced by 49.2% and 36.6%, respectively. The accuracy of IDW method is second, and the improvement of KF method is limited. The flood simulation driven by using OI fused precipitation data is the most effective, with the mean Nash Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient improved by about 32.8% compared with the ground data, of which the simulation of post2000 flood field is improved by 57.1%, which confirms that the multi source fused precipitation data can effectively improve the flood simulation accuracy of the Dapoling Basin.
2026,42(3):57-64
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.03.007
Abstract:
In response to the problem of urban waterlogging caused by short-term heavy rainfall, a risk assessment index system for waterlogging in the central urban area of Zhengzhou was constructed based on multi-source data and SWMM simulation, considering rainfall characteristics, underlying surface attributes, socio-economic attributes, and pipeline operation attributes. Two-dimensional joint distribution models of precipitation, rainfall intensity, and waterlogging risk were established by introducing the Copula function. The results indicate that precipitation, rainfall intensity, impermeability rate, average slope, and population density are important factors affecting the risk of waterlogging in the central urban area of Zhengzhou. Insufficient drainage capacity of the pipeline network will exacerbate the risk of waterlogging. Among 155 short duration rainfall events, the proportion of medium risk and high-risk events was 53.5% and 22.6%, respectively, indicating that the drainage system in the study area needs to improve its carrying capacity for moderate and above intensity rainfall. The calculation results of the Copula joint distribution model show that the synchronous encounter probability between precipitation and waterlogging risk is 87.2%, and the synchronous encounter probability between rainfall intensity and waterlogging risk is 59%, indicating that both precipitation and rainfall intensity are important influencing factors of waterlogging risk.
In response to the problem of urban waterlogging caused by short-term heavy rainfall, a risk assessment index system for waterlogging in the central urban area of Zhengzhou was constructed based on multi-source data and SWMM simulation, considering rainfall characteristics, underlying surface attributes, socio-economic attributes, and pipeline operation attributes. Two-dimensional joint distribution models of precipitation, rainfall intensity, and waterlogging risk were established by introducing the Copula function. The results indicate that precipitation, rainfall intensity, impermeability rate, average slope, and population density are important factors affecting the risk of waterlogging in the central urban area of Zhengzhou. Insufficient drainage capacity of the pipeline network will exacerbate the risk of waterlogging. Among 155 short duration rainfall events, the proportion of medium risk and high-risk events was 53.5% and 22.6%, respectively, indicating that the drainage system in the study area needs to improve its carrying capacity for moderate and above intensity rainfall. The calculation results of the Copula joint distribution model show that the synchronous encounter probability between precipitation and waterlogging risk is 87.2%, and the synchronous encounter probability between rainfall intensity and waterlogging risk is 59%, indicating that both precipitation and rainfall intensity are important influencing factors of waterlogging risk.
Risk evolution and response analysis of urban flood disaster chains based on tunnel inundation event
2026,42(3):65-71, 100
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.03.008
Abstract:
Aiming at the problem of insufficient research on the transmission mechanism and blocking measures of urban flood disaster chain, this paper systematically identifies the disaster causing factors, disaster pregnant environment, disaster bearing body, response measures and other elements of urban flood disaster, explores the key elements of the flood disaster chain and their interactions, analyzes the occurrence and development process of the disaster chain, constructs a Bayesian network model of the key elements of the disaster chain, and conducts a case study in combination with the inundation event of the Beijing Guangzhou Expressway North Tunnel in the “7·20” rainstorm in Zhengzhou. The marginal probability analysis results show that the probability of serious ponding in the north tunnel of Beijing Guangzhou Expressway under the “7·20” rainstorm in Zhengzhou is 0.482, and the probability of causing serious casualties and vehicle losses is 0.434 and 0.558 respectively. The joint probability analysis of response measures shows that if the emergency plan, traffic dispatch, and professional rescue are not implemented in a timely manner, the probability of serious losses is the highest, which is 0.494. Timely response measures can significantly reduce the probability of serious losses, among which the comprehensive disaster reduction capabilities of the implementation level of contingency plans, rescue efficiency, and traffic dispatch speed decrease in sequence. Timely implementation of three disaster relief measures reduces the probability of the most serious casualties and vehicle losses to 0.152.
Aiming at the problem of insufficient research on the transmission mechanism and blocking measures of urban flood disaster chain, this paper systematically identifies the disaster causing factors, disaster pregnant environment, disaster bearing body, response measures and other elements of urban flood disaster, explores the key elements of the flood disaster chain and their interactions, analyzes the occurrence and development process of the disaster chain, constructs a Bayesian network model of the key elements of the disaster chain, and conducts a case study in combination with the inundation event of the Beijing Guangzhou Expressway North Tunnel in the “7·20” rainstorm in Zhengzhou. The marginal probability analysis results show that the probability of serious ponding in the north tunnel of Beijing Guangzhou Expressway under the “7·20” rainstorm in Zhengzhou is 0.482, and the probability of causing serious casualties and vehicle losses is 0.434 and 0.558 respectively. The joint probability analysis of response measures shows that if the emergency plan, traffic dispatch, and professional rescue are not implemented in a timely manner, the probability of serious losses is the highest, which is 0.494. Timely response measures can significantly reduce the probability of serious losses, among which the comprehensive disaster reduction capabilities of the implementation level of contingency plans, rescue efficiency, and traffic dispatch speed decrease in sequence. Timely implementation of three disaster relief measures reduces the probability of the most serious casualties and vehicle losses to 0.152.
2026,42(3):72-80
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.03.009
Abstract:
To improve basin-scale flood forecasting accuracy and support the integration of flood forecasting and reservoir operation, taking the Jialing River Basin as the study area, an intelligent correction framework for flood forecasting considering reservoir regulation impacts was developed. In the framework, the VIC distributed hydrological model was utilized to simulate the runoff generation and routing processes. The K-nearest neighbor(KNN) algorithm was employed for multi step extrapolated discharge correction based on historical error similarity. A hierarchical nested long short term memory (LSTM) model was introduced to predict reservoir outflow: LSTM1 characterized the basic inflow outflow response, while LSTM2 incorporated water level storage constraints and water balance principles. Dynamic correction of the entire process was achieved through stage by stage coupling across mainstreams, tributaries, and cascade reservoirs. The results show that the VIC model achieves an average NSE of approximately 0.70 and relative errors of 10%~15% at stations with minimal reservoir impact. The KNN correction yields NSE values mostly above 0.90 and relative errors below 10% for short lead times (≤12h), with sustained improvements for longer lead times. Compared with inflow outflow balance and parametric operation methods, the LSTM model better characterizes complex nonlinear regulation along the Tingzikou Reservoir Caojie Station Beibei sequence, significantly enhancing flood forecasting accuracy. This intelligent correction method significantly reduces simulation errors for both reservoir inflows and downstream control station discharge processes.
To improve basin-scale flood forecasting accuracy and support the integration of flood forecasting and reservoir operation, taking the Jialing River Basin as the study area, an intelligent correction framework for flood forecasting considering reservoir regulation impacts was developed. In the framework, the VIC distributed hydrological model was utilized to simulate the runoff generation and routing processes. The K-nearest neighbor(KNN) algorithm was employed for multi step extrapolated discharge correction based on historical error similarity. A hierarchical nested long short term memory (LSTM) model was introduced to predict reservoir outflow: LSTM1 characterized the basic inflow outflow response, while LSTM2 incorporated water level storage constraints and water balance principles. Dynamic correction of the entire process was achieved through stage by stage coupling across mainstreams, tributaries, and cascade reservoirs. The results show that the VIC model achieves an average NSE of approximately 0.70 and relative errors of 10%~15% at stations with minimal reservoir impact. The KNN correction yields NSE values mostly above 0.90 and relative errors below 10% for short lead times (≤12h), with sustained improvements for longer lead times. Compared with inflow outflow balance and parametric operation methods, the LSTM model better characterizes complex nonlinear regulation along the Tingzikou Reservoir Caojie Station Beibei sequence, significantly enhancing flood forecasting accuracy. This intelligent correction method significantly reduces simulation errors for both reservoir inflows and downstream control station discharge processes.
2026,42(3):81-91
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.03.010
Abstract:
In response to the difficulty of balancing the efficiency and accuracy of physical mechanism models in urban waterlogging simulation, a fast and precise simulation method for urban waterlogging based on U-Net super-resolution reconstruction was proposed. By using coarse accuracy waterlogging results as physical priors, a fast mapping of waterlogging distribution from coarse accuracy to fine accuracy was achieved. The Minzhi area of Shenzhen City was selected as the study area. Two sets of hydrodynamic simulation grids, coarse and fine, were constructed, combining terrain and its derived features as multi-channel inputs to train the deep learning model, and the simulation results were compared with the one-dimensional two-dimensional coupled hydrodynamic model. The results show that the super-resolution reconstruction method can accurately restore the spatial pattern and peak characteristics of ponding under most design rainstorm scenarios. The Nash efficiency coefficient generally exceeds 0.9, and the root mean square error is less than 0.15. Compared with the one-dimensional two-dimensional coupled hydrodynamic model, the efficiency of the simulation of the 2h rainstorm process is 50.71 times higher. With the increase of rainstorm return period, the super-resolution reconstruction method is more stable for the reconstruction of the overall ponding characteristics, but there is still a deviation in the local low-lying areas and areas with complex pipe network.
In response to the difficulty of balancing the efficiency and accuracy of physical mechanism models in urban waterlogging simulation, a fast and precise simulation method for urban waterlogging based on U-Net super-resolution reconstruction was proposed. By using coarse accuracy waterlogging results as physical priors, a fast mapping of waterlogging distribution from coarse accuracy to fine accuracy was achieved. The Minzhi area of Shenzhen City was selected as the study area. Two sets of hydrodynamic simulation grids, coarse and fine, were constructed, combining terrain and its derived features as multi-channel inputs to train the deep learning model, and the simulation results were compared with the one-dimensional two-dimensional coupled hydrodynamic model. The results show that the super-resolution reconstruction method can accurately restore the spatial pattern and peak characteristics of ponding under most design rainstorm scenarios. The Nash efficiency coefficient generally exceeds 0.9, and the root mean square error is less than 0.15. Compared with the one-dimensional two-dimensional coupled hydrodynamic model, the efficiency of the simulation of the 2h rainstorm process is 50.71 times higher. With the increase of rainstorm return period, the super-resolution reconstruction method is more stable for the reconstruction of the overall ponding characteristics, but there is still a deviation in the local low-lying areas and areas with complex pipe network.
2026,42(3):92-100
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.03.011
Abstract:
To accurately assess the impact of an individual reservoir on the downstream remote reservoir and flood control point, a joint flood control optimal scheduling model for the multi-reservoir system was developed. This model was constructed based on the basin-wide flood control requirements and the characteristics of each reservoir, to minimize the maximum outflow from the individual reservoir and the peak flood discharge at the flood control point. A hybrid algorithm, progressive optimality algorithm and successive approximation, was employed to optimize the model. Based on the optimal scheduling process, three indicators such as peak reduction contribution, flood retention contribution, and coordinated flood retention rate were proposed to evaluate the flood control role of the study reservoir. The example application results in the upper Yangtze River show that optimized joint operation of the multi-reservoir system, on average, reduces the peak flood flow at the flood control point by 1108 m3/s, increases the peak reduction rate by 1.8%, and decreases the flood volume by 5.9 billion m3. The study reservoir makes a notable contribution to flood control within the multi-reservoir system, with an average peak reduction contribution of 5.4%, an average flood retention contribution of 13.3%, and an average flood retention coordination rate of 54.3% for the downstream remote reservoir.
To accurately assess the impact of an individual reservoir on the downstream remote reservoir and flood control point, a joint flood control optimal scheduling model for the multi-reservoir system was developed. This model was constructed based on the basin-wide flood control requirements and the characteristics of each reservoir, to minimize the maximum outflow from the individual reservoir and the peak flood discharge at the flood control point. A hybrid algorithm, progressive optimality algorithm and successive approximation, was employed to optimize the model. Based on the optimal scheduling process, three indicators such as peak reduction contribution, flood retention contribution, and coordinated flood retention rate were proposed to evaluate the flood control role of the study reservoir. The example application results in the upper Yangtze River show that optimized joint operation of the multi-reservoir system, on average, reduces the peak flood flow at the flood control point by 1108 m3/s, increases the peak reduction rate by 1.8%, and decreases the flood volume by 5.9 billion m3. The study reservoir makes a notable contribution to flood control within the multi-reservoir system, with an average peak reduction contribution of 5.4%, an average flood retention contribution of 13.3%, and an average flood retention coordination rate of 54.3% for the downstream remote reservoir.
2026,42(3):101-108
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.03.012
Abstract:
The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index and the standardized ecological drought index based on the entropy-weighted Euclidean distance method in the Tarim River Basin were constructed. The three-threshold run theory and Copula function were introduced to quantify the characteristics of meteorological drought propagating into ecological drought using propagation ratios and triggering thresholds, revealing the dominant driving factors. The results indicate that the frequency, duration, and intensity of ecological drought in the Tarim River Basin from 1983 to 2022 are higher than those of meteorological drought. The propagating ratio of meteorological drought propagating to ecological drought is 0.1~0.9, with a triggering threshold of -2.5~-0.05. The propagating characteristics have spatial heterogeneity, and the propagating risk decreases from near desert areas to the surrounding areas. The propagating ratio slightly increased in 80% of the Tarim River Basin, while the triggering threshold significantly increased in the southern near desert area and the northern Aksu River area (with a maximum increase rate of 1.5 per 10 a). The contribution rates of each driving factor are similar, with solar radiation (20.1%) and potential evapotranspiration (21.3%) being the dominant driving factors in regions with significant changes in propagation ratio.
The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index and the standardized ecological drought index based on the entropy-weighted Euclidean distance method in the Tarim River Basin were constructed. The three-threshold run theory and Copula function were introduced to quantify the characteristics of meteorological drought propagating into ecological drought using propagation ratios and triggering thresholds, revealing the dominant driving factors. The results indicate that the frequency, duration, and intensity of ecological drought in the Tarim River Basin from 1983 to 2022 are higher than those of meteorological drought. The propagating ratio of meteorological drought propagating to ecological drought is 0.1~0.9, with a triggering threshold of -2.5~-0.05. The propagating characteristics have spatial heterogeneity, and the propagating risk decreases from near desert areas to the surrounding areas. The propagating ratio slightly increased in 80% of the Tarim River Basin, while the triggering threshold significantly increased in the southern near desert area and the northern Aksu River area (with a maximum increase rate of 1.5 per 10 a). The contribution rates of each driving factor are similar, with solar radiation (20.1%) and potential evapotranspiration (21.3%) being the dominant driving factors in regions with significant changes in propagation ratio.
2026,42(3):109-117
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.03.013
Abstract:
Taking Xinjiang, a typical inland arid region of China, as the study area, this study applied the empirical quantile mapping method to correct the biases of precipitation and temperature outputs from 30 CMIP6 global climate models, comprehensively evaluated their applicability in Xinjiang, and selected an optimal multi-model ensemble to predict future precipitation and temperature under different emission scenarios. The results show that Xinjiang will experience a significant warming and humidification trend in the future. Compared to the baseline period of 1995-2014, by 2100 under the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, annual precipitation is projected to increase by 15%(21mm), 23% (33mm), 25% (36mm), and 48% (69mm), respectively, and annual mean temperature is projected to rise by 2.3℃, 3.6℃, 5.3℃, and 6.7℃. The largest precipitation changes are expected in Hami City, Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, and the southern part of Hotan Prefecture, and the increased precipitation may help alleviate ecological water replenishment pressure in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. High temperature increase zones include the border areas of Tacheng Prefecture, Altay Prefecture, Urumqi City, and Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, as well as most areas of Turpan City, Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Hotan Prefecture, and Kashgar Prefecture, and the maximum temperature rise could reach 7.6℃ in the far future (2076 2100). The future temperature rise will lead to exacerbated desertification in Turpan City, Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, and Hotan Prefecture, and intensify soil salinization and alkalization and farmland degradation in some areas.
Taking Xinjiang, a typical inland arid region of China, as the study area, this study applied the empirical quantile mapping method to correct the biases of precipitation and temperature outputs from 30 CMIP6 global climate models, comprehensively evaluated their applicability in Xinjiang, and selected an optimal multi-model ensemble to predict future precipitation and temperature under different emission scenarios. The results show that Xinjiang will experience a significant warming and humidification trend in the future. Compared to the baseline period of 1995-2014, by 2100 under the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, annual precipitation is projected to increase by 15%(21mm), 23% (33mm), 25% (36mm), and 48% (69mm), respectively, and annual mean temperature is projected to rise by 2.3℃, 3.6℃, 5.3℃, and 6.7℃. The largest precipitation changes are expected in Hami City, Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, and the southern part of Hotan Prefecture, and the increased precipitation may help alleviate ecological water replenishment pressure in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. High temperature increase zones include the border areas of Tacheng Prefecture, Altay Prefecture, Urumqi City, and Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, as well as most areas of Turpan City, Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Hotan Prefecture, and Kashgar Prefecture, and the maximum temperature rise could reach 7.6℃ in the far future (2076 2100). The future temperature rise will lead to exacerbated desertification in Turpan City, Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, and Hotan Prefecture, and intensify soil salinization and alkalization and farmland degradation in some areas.
2026,42(3):118-126, 217
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.03.014
Abstract:
To examine the spatiotemporal evolution of global drought under the background of climate change, this study developed a composite seasonal drought index (CSDI) by integrating precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration (PPET), soil moisture (SM), and runoff using a three dimensional Copula function, and analyzed the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of global drought from 1982 to 2021. Results indicated that the correlation coefficient between CSDI and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) reached 0.914. In terms of historical drought validation, compared to SPEI, CSDI identified a larger drought coverage area in the early stage and exhibited higher spatiotemporal consistency with negative anomalies of PPET and SM. Furthermore, CSDI completely captured the early, middle, and late evolutionary stages of typical historical droughts, such as the Southwest China drought from 2009 to 2010, the drought in Horn of Africa from 2010 to 2011, and the Central Europe drought in 1992. Regarding drought characteristics, global drought exhibited strong spatial heterogeneity from 1982 to 2021. Arid and semi arid zones showed a coupling feature characterized by high frequency, long duration, and high intensity, whereas humid regions generally faced lower risk, though some mid to high latitude humid zones in the Northern Hemisphere experienced elevated flash frequency and intensity. Temporally, in typical arid regions, the average drought duration shortened, while humid regions displayed more persistent drought processes with increasing frequency. Overall, the global trend of drought shows characteristics of frequent occurrence, rapid onset, and extreme severity.
To examine the spatiotemporal evolution of global drought under the background of climate change, this study developed a composite seasonal drought index (CSDI) by integrating precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration (PPET), soil moisture (SM), and runoff using a three dimensional Copula function, and analyzed the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of global drought from 1982 to 2021. Results indicated that the correlation coefficient between CSDI and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) reached 0.914. In terms of historical drought validation, compared to SPEI, CSDI identified a larger drought coverage area in the early stage and exhibited higher spatiotemporal consistency with negative anomalies of PPET and SM. Furthermore, CSDI completely captured the early, middle, and late evolutionary stages of typical historical droughts, such as the Southwest China drought from 2009 to 2010, the drought in Horn of Africa from 2010 to 2011, and the Central Europe drought in 1992. Regarding drought characteristics, global drought exhibited strong spatial heterogeneity from 1982 to 2021. Arid and semi arid zones showed a coupling feature characterized by high frequency, long duration, and high intensity, whereas humid regions generally faced lower risk, though some mid to high latitude humid zones in the Northern Hemisphere experienced elevated flash frequency and intensity. Temporally, in typical arid regions, the average drought duration shortened, while humid regions displayed more persistent drought processes with increasing frequency. Overall, the global trend of drought shows characteristics of frequent occurrence, rapid onset, and extreme severity.
2026,42(3):127-136
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.03.015
Abstract:
To scientifically assess water resources value in the Yellow River Basin and support refined management and high-quality development, from a dynamic perspective, this study used a value index to represent water resources value and analyzed its spatiotemporal evolution trend. By applying the Geodetector (GD) to identify driving factors and using genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize key parameter of the XGBoost model, a GD GA XGBoost model was constructed and used to predict water resources value in the Yellow River Basin from 2022 to 2026. The results show that water resources value exhibits significant spatiotemporal differentiation. Temporally, it follows an inverted U shaped trend characterized by growth, stabilization, and then declining. Spatially, upstream areas maintains consistently high water resources value, dominated by high high clustering; midstream areas first rise and then decline, with diverse clustering patterns; downstream areas generally have relatively low water resources value, primarily characterized by low low clustering. Water resources supply factors, such as annual precipitation, mean elevation, and mean slope, consistently play dominant roles. While demand side factors initially show limited explanatory power but gradually increase in influence, with multi factor interactions undergoing dynamical changes. Predictions indicate an overall downward trend in water resources value from 2022 to 2026, suggesting potential alleviation of future water resources supply demand conflicts.
To scientifically assess water resources value in the Yellow River Basin and support refined management and high-quality development, from a dynamic perspective, this study used a value index to represent water resources value and analyzed its spatiotemporal evolution trend. By applying the Geodetector (GD) to identify driving factors and using genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize key parameter of the XGBoost model, a GD GA XGBoost model was constructed and used to predict water resources value in the Yellow River Basin from 2022 to 2026. The results show that water resources value exhibits significant spatiotemporal differentiation. Temporally, it follows an inverted U shaped trend characterized by growth, stabilization, and then declining. Spatially, upstream areas maintains consistently high water resources value, dominated by high high clustering; midstream areas first rise and then decline, with diverse clustering patterns; downstream areas generally have relatively low water resources value, primarily characterized by low low clustering. Water resources supply factors, such as annual precipitation, mean elevation, and mean slope, consistently play dominant roles. While demand side factors initially show limited explanatory power but gradually increase in influence, with multi factor interactions undergoing dynamical changes. Predictions indicate an overall downward trend in water resources value from 2022 to 2026, suggesting potential alleviation of future water resources supply demand conflicts.
2026,42(3):137-145
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.03.016
Abstract:
In response to the increasing frequency and intensity of multivariate compound events under global warming, along with their growing cascading disaster effects and complex nonlinear impacts, this study employed Vine Copula functions to assess the risk of trivariate compound events, involving meteorological drought, high temperature, and agricultural drought in summer of the Yellow River Basin. It further quantified the risk of agricultural drought at mild level or above under the conditions of specific severities of meteorological drought and/or high temperature. Results show that high-risk hotspots of the concurrent meteorological drought, high temperature, and agricultural drought(i.e., trivariate “AND events”) are primarily located in the middle and lower reaches of the basin. Compared to the northwestern regions, the eastern areas face higher risks of the “AND events” and the co occurence of meteorological drought/high temperature and agricultural drought (i.e., trivariate “OR events”). Under conditions where meteorological drought and high temperature of different severities occur simultaneously, or at least one of them occurs, the risk of agricultural drought at mild level or above in the eastern parts of the basin is significantly higher than that in the western regions.
In response to the increasing frequency and intensity of multivariate compound events under global warming, along with their growing cascading disaster effects and complex nonlinear impacts, this study employed Vine Copula functions to assess the risk of trivariate compound events, involving meteorological drought, high temperature, and agricultural drought in summer of the Yellow River Basin. It further quantified the risk of agricultural drought at mild level or above under the conditions of specific severities of meteorological drought and/or high temperature. Results show that high-risk hotspots of the concurrent meteorological drought, high temperature, and agricultural drought(i.e., trivariate “AND events”) are primarily located in the middle and lower reaches of the basin. Compared to the northwestern regions, the eastern areas face higher risks of the “AND events” and the co occurence of meteorological drought/high temperature and agricultural drought (i.e., trivariate “OR events”). Under conditions where meteorological drought and high temperature of different severities occur simultaneously, or at least one of them occurs, the risk of agricultural drought at mild level or above in the eastern parts of the basin is significantly higher than that in the western regions.
2026,42(3):146-153
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.03.017
Abstract:
In order to accurately understand the coordinated evolution patterns of the cascaded reservoir system in the Yellow River Basin, based on synergetics theory, order parameters of flood-sediment transport, ecological environment, and socioeconomic subsystems in different reaches of the Yellow River Basin were identified. The variation characteristics of these order parameters were analyzed, and the evolution characteristics of coordination degree of the cascaded reservoir system from 1965 to 2020 were clarified. The results show that, from 1965 to 1985, the multi-year average runoff of the basin was relatively abundant. Although the water consumption in the basin gradually increased, the overall system remained in a self-balanced and well-coordinated state. However, due to the limited regulation capacity of reservoirs, order parameters were largely affected by natural runoff and sediment conditions, resulting in large interannual fluctuations in system coordination degree. In the middle reach, the cascaded reservoir system even dropped to a moderately uncoordinated state in some years. From 1986 to 2001, due to the operation of the Longyangxia Reservoir, the immaturity of the unified dispatching system, and the rapid increase in water consumption in the basin, order parameters were adversely affected. The system’s balance was disrupted, leading to a degline to a barely coordinated state. The lower reach experienced the sharpest decline in the system coordination degree, even reaching a severely uncoordinated state in some years. From 2002 to 2020, the cascaded reservoir regulation system was improved, the water allocation in the basin became more reasonable, and order parameters were recovered. Then, the system entered a new coordinated stage, rising to a primary coordinated state and showing an upward evolutionary trend.
In order to accurately understand the coordinated evolution patterns of the cascaded reservoir system in the Yellow River Basin, based on synergetics theory, order parameters of flood-sediment transport, ecological environment, and socioeconomic subsystems in different reaches of the Yellow River Basin were identified. The variation characteristics of these order parameters were analyzed, and the evolution characteristics of coordination degree of the cascaded reservoir system from 1965 to 2020 were clarified. The results show that, from 1965 to 1985, the multi-year average runoff of the basin was relatively abundant. Although the water consumption in the basin gradually increased, the overall system remained in a self-balanced and well-coordinated state. However, due to the limited regulation capacity of reservoirs, order parameters were largely affected by natural runoff and sediment conditions, resulting in large interannual fluctuations in system coordination degree. In the middle reach, the cascaded reservoir system even dropped to a moderately uncoordinated state in some years. From 1986 to 2001, due to the operation of the Longyangxia Reservoir, the immaturity of the unified dispatching system, and the rapid increase in water consumption in the basin, order parameters were adversely affected. The system’s balance was disrupted, leading to a degline to a barely coordinated state. The lower reach experienced the sharpest decline in the system coordination degree, even reaching a severely uncoordinated state in some years. From 2002 to 2020, the cascaded reservoir regulation system was improved, the water allocation in the basin became more reasonable, and order parameters were recovered. Then, the system entered a new coordinated stage, rising to a primary coordinated state and showing an upward evolutionary trend.
2026,42(3):154-163
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.03.018
Abstract:
To investigate the evolution of the hydrological regime in Shandong Province, this study utilized the Mann-Kendall trend test, rescaled range analysis, and partial correlation analysis to characterize the spatiotemporal variability of key hydrological cycle elements, namely precipitation, actual evapotranspiration, and runoff from 1980 to 2018. The results indicated that all three elements exhibited fluctuating upward trends. Notably, actual evapotranspiration and runoff depth increased significantly, with annual growth rates of 1.64mm/a and 2.32mm/a, respectively. Seasonally, actual evapotranspiration showed a significant increase in spring (0.84mm/a, p＜0.01) and winter (0.10mm/a, p＜0.05), while runoff depth increased significantly during spring (0.50mm/a, p＜0.01) and summer (1.50mm/a, p＜0.05). The Hurst indices for areas with significant increases in evapotranspiration and runoff depth were generally above 0.5, suggesting strong persistence in these rising trends. Precipitation was identified as the dominant driver of runoff changes, exerting a significant positive effect with a contribution rate of 72.3%. Meanwhile, variations in both precipitation and leaf area index jointly contributed to the increase in actual evapotranspiration.
To investigate the evolution of the hydrological regime in Shandong Province, this study utilized the Mann-Kendall trend test, rescaled range analysis, and partial correlation analysis to characterize the spatiotemporal variability of key hydrological cycle elements, namely precipitation, actual evapotranspiration, and runoff from 1980 to 2018. The results indicated that all three elements exhibited fluctuating upward trends. Notably, actual evapotranspiration and runoff depth increased significantly, with annual growth rates of 1.64mm/a and 2.32mm/a, respectively. Seasonally, actual evapotranspiration showed a significant increase in spring (0.84mm/a, p＜0.01) and winter (0.10mm/a, p＜0.05), while runoff depth increased significantly during spring (0.50mm/a, p＜0.01) and summer (1.50mm/a, p＜0.05). The Hurst indices for areas with significant increases in evapotranspiration and runoff depth were generally above 0.5, suggesting strong persistence in these rising trends. Precipitation was identified as the dominant driver of runoff changes, exerting a significant positive effect with a contribution rate of 72.3%. Meanwhile, variations in both precipitation and leaf area index jointly contributed to the increase in actual evapotranspiration.
2026,42(3):164-173
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.03.019
Abstract:
This study analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of water conservation capacity of the Yellow River water conservation area from 1980 to 2023 using the InVEST model. Six optimally selected CMIP6 Global Climate Models
This study analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of water conservation capacity of the Yellow River water conservation area from 1980 to 2023 using the InVEST model. Six optimally selected CMIP6 Global Climate Models
2026,42(3):174-181
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.03.020
Abstract:
To address the difficulty of the traditional infiltration-runoff model based on the infiltration curve deduction method in flexibly and efficiently predicting the total runoff generation from permeable asphalt throughout an entire clogging cycle, a modified fractional loss(FRAC) model was developed by integrally deforming the FRAC model, introducing the permeable asphalt induced initial rainfall loss, and adjusting the runoff conversion ratio parameter (Cr), and the modified model was applied to predict the runoff generation from permeable asphalt throughout the entire clogging cycle. The initial rainfall loss was quantified as a function of the infiltration rate, and its empirical fitting equation was established. Furthermore, a functional relationship between the modified parameter Cr, infiltration rate, and rainfall intensity was constructed, enabling dynamic parameter adjustment with variations in rainfall intensity and clogging degree of permeable asphalt. Measured runoff data were used to validate the models, and the results indicate that the FRAC model overestimates the runoff generation from permeable asphalt throughout the entire clogging cycle, with an average absolute error (MAE) of 15.87 mm, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 16.77 mm, and a Nash Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) coefficient of -1.06 for runoff generation prediction. In contrast, the modified FRAC model achieves a substantially improved performance, with an MAE of 0.36 mm, an RMSE of 0.67 mm, and an NSE of 0.97. The modified FRAC model demonstrates high accuracy in predicting the runoff generation from permeable asphalt under various clogging degrees, and can effectively captures the actual total runoff generation.
To address the difficulty of the traditional infiltration-runoff model based on the infiltration curve deduction method in flexibly and efficiently predicting the total runoff generation from permeable asphalt throughout an entire clogging cycle, a modified fractional loss(FRAC) model was developed by integrally deforming the FRAC model, introducing the permeable asphalt induced initial rainfall loss, and adjusting the runoff conversion ratio parameter (Cr), and the modified model was applied to predict the runoff generation from permeable asphalt throughout the entire clogging cycle. The initial rainfall loss was quantified as a function of the infiltration rate, and its empirical fitting equation was established. Furthermore, a functional relationship between the modified parameter Cr, infiltration rate, and rainfall intensity was constructed, enabling dynamic parameter adjustment with variations in rainfall intensity and clogging degree of permeable asphalt. Measured runoff data were used to validate the models, and the results indicate that the FRAC model overestimates the runoff generation from permeable asphalt throughout the entire clogging cycle, with an average absolute error (MAE) of 15.87 mm, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 16.77 mm, and a Nash Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) coefficient of -1.06 for runoff generation prediction. In contrast, the modified FRAC model achieves a substantially improved performance, with an MAE of 0.36 mm, an RMSE of 0.67 mm, and an NSE of 0.97. The modified FRAC model demonstrates high accuracy in predicting the runoff generation from permeable asphalt under various clogging degrees, and can effectively captures the actual total runoff generation.
2026,42(3):182-190
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.03.021
Abstract:
To investigate the evolution characteristics of the water temperature stratification structure in the Xiluodu Reservoir under future climate change, this study proposed a water temperature simulation method coupling the CE-QUAL-W2 model with the LSTM model based on CMIP6 climate scenario data. The LSTM model was used to simulate the reservoir inflow boundary conditions, enabling the CE-QUAL-W2 model to predict water temperature distribution in the Xiluodu Reservoir under different emission scenarios. In addition, the Schmidt stability index (VTG) were introduced to predict and analyze the evolutionary trends of the water temperature stratification structure. The results show that, under different emission scenarios, SSI of the Xiluodu Reservoir exhibits an increasing trend over time, indicating a gradual enhancement of stratification stability, and VTG shows an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease. Higher emission intensities correspond to greater linear fitting goodness and higher warming rates of surface water temperature, suggesting a more pronounced thermal response of the water body to climate warming. The response intensity to climate change gradually weakens from the surface layer to the bottom layer; however, the long term heat accumulation trend in deep water remains non negligible.
To investigate the evolution characteristics of the water temperature stratification structure in the Xiluodu Reservoir under future climate change, this study proposed a water temperature simulation method coupling the CE-QUAL-W2 model with the LSTM model based on CMIP6 climate scenario data. The LSTM model was used to simulate the reservoir inflow boundary conditions, enabling the CE-QUAL-W2 model to predict water temperature distribution in the Xiluodu Reservoir under different emission scenarios. In addition, the Schmidt stability index (VTG) were introduced to predict and analyze the evolutionary trends of the water temperature stratification structure. The results show that, under different emission scenarios, SSI of the Xiluodu Reservoir exhibits an increasing trend over time, indicating a gradual enhancement of stratification stability, and VTG shows an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease. Higher emission intensities correspond to greater linear fitting goodness and higher warming rates of surface water temperature, suggesting a more pronounced thermal response of the water body to climate warming. The response intensity to climate change gradually weakens from the surface layer to the bottom layer; however, the long term heat accumulation trend in deep water remains non negligible.
2026,42(3):191-197, 240
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.03.022
Abstract:
To adapt to runoff evolution law in water source areas of South-to-North Water Diversion Eastern Route Project and give full play to hydrological reservoir capacity compensation effect of multiple water sources, a joint optimal dispatching model for project is established. The model is solved under three modes:dispatching line optimization, pre-allocated water volume optimization, and joint optimization of dispatching line and pre-allocated water volume. The optimized dispatching lines considering runoff evolution law in recent years and dispatching results of each optimization mode are obtained. A comparative analysis of different modes is conducted based on simulation results of original dispatching lines. The results show that compared with simulation results of original dispatching lines, optimized dispatching lines can effectively reduce water deficit in water receiving areas without impairing interests of original water receiving areas. Pre-allocated water volume optimization slightly increases water deficit of original water receiving areas, yet fully meets all water demands in eastern route area. Compared with single dispatching line optimization, the joint optimization of dispatching line and pre-allocated water volume further cuts down water deficit in eastern route area, proving more efficient and reasonable.
To adapt to runoff evolution law in water source areas of South-to-North Water Diversion Eastern Route Project and give full play to hydrological reservoir capacity compensation effect of multiple water sources, a joint optimal dispatching model for project is established. The model is solved under three modes:dispatching line optimization, pre-allocated water volume optimization, and joint optimization of dispatching line and pre-allocated water volume. The optimized dispatching lines considering runoff evolution law in recent years and dispatching results of each optimization mode are obtained. A comparative analysis of different modes is conducted based on simulation results of original dispatching lines. The results show that compared with simulation results of original dispatching lines, optimized dispatching lines can effectively reduce water deficit in water receiving areas without impairing interests of original water receiving areas. Pre-allocated water volume optimization slightly increases water deficit of original water receiving areas, yet fully meets all water demands in eastern route area. Compared with single dispatching line optimization, the joint optimization of dispatching line and pre-allocated water volume further cuts down water deficit in eastern route area, proving more efficient and reasonable.
2026,42(3):198-208, 260
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.03.023
Abstract:
Taking mountainous area of the upper Heihe River as study area, this paper uses Mann-Kendall test and Yamamoto mutation test to identify trend and mutation characteristics of hydrometeorological factors based on hydrometeorological observation data from 1980 to 2022. ABCD-snow model coupled with a snowmelt module is established. Combined with Budyko coupled hydrothermal equilibrium framework at arbitrary time scales and considering coupling effect of multiple factors, an improved sensitivity attribution method is adopted to quantify impacts of climatic and underlying surface factors on multi-time-scale (annual, seasonal and monthly) evolution of runoff in the upper Heihe River before and after the mutation. The results show that runoff in the upper Heihe River experienced an abrupt change in 1997 over past 40 years. Before the mutation, annual runoff presented an insignificant decreasing trend with the largest decline in summer and autumn. After the mutation, annual runoff increased significantly; all seasons showed a remarkable growth trend except summer with an insignificant increase. ABCD snow model effectively improves simulation performance of key hydrological processes in cold regions. Its efficiency coefficient during calibration period rose from 0.75 to 0.90, which well reflects snowmelt recharge characteristics of spring runoff. From 1980 to 1997, decrease of rainfall and rise of reference evapotranspiration in summer and autumn led to runoff reduction, especially in June, August and September. From 1998 to 2022, increased rainfall and snowmelt dominated runoff growth, while slowdown of reference evapotranspiration and improvement of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) further promoted watershed runoff generation. Runoff became more sensitive to climate change, with relative contribution rate rising from 56.9% to 70.7% before and after mutation, and synergistic effect of multiple factors was generally lower than 1.1%.
Taking mountainous area of the upper Heihe River as study area, this paper uses Mann-Kendall test and Yamamoto mutation test to identify trend and mutation characteristics of hydrometeorological factors based on hydrometeorological observation data from 1980 to 2022. ABCD-snow model coupled with a snowmelt module is established. Combined with Budyko coupled hydrothermal equilibrium framework at arbitrary time scales and considering coupling effect of multiple factors, an improved sensitivity attribution method is adopted to quantify impacts of climatic and underlying surface factors on multi-time-scale (annual, seasonal and monthly) evolution of runoff in the upper Heihe River before and after the mutation. The results show that runoff in the upper Heihe River experienced an abrupt change in 1997 over past 40 years. Before the mutation, annual runoff presented an insignificant decreasing trend with the largest decline in summer and autumn. After the mutation, annual runoff increased significantly; all seasons showed a remarkable growth trend except summer with an insignificant increase. ABCD snow model effectively improves simulation performance of key hydrological processes in cold regions. Its efficiency coefficient during calibration period rose from 0.75 to 0.90, which well reflects snowmelt recharge characteristics of spring runoff. From 1980 to 1997, decrease of rainfall and rise of reference evapotranspiration in summer and autumn led to runoff reduction, especially in June, August and September. From 1998 to 2022, increased rainfall and snowmelt dominated runoff growth, while slowdown of reference evapotranspiration and improvement of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) further promoted watershed runoff generation. Runoff became more sensitive to climate change, with relative contribution rate rising from 56.9% to 70.7% before and after mutation, and synergistic effect of multiple factors was generally lower than 1.1%.
2026,42(3):209-217
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.03.024
Abstract:
Against the theoretical limitations and practical challenges of directly adopting tax rates specified in the Environmental Protection Tax Law of People’s Republic of China as substitution costs, this study establishes a multi-method framework for apportioning the operating costs of wastewater treatment, aiming to calculate pollutant removal unit costs that more closely reflect actual abatement costs. Using nationwide macro-statistical data of centralized wastewater treatment plants from 2015 to 2023, the unit operating costs for removing COD Cr, TN and TP are quantified via four approaches:characterization factor method, comprehensive trophic state index method, equivalent pollution load method, and environmental protection tax (EPT) pollution equivalent method. The results indicate that, compared with the cost allocation derived from EPT pollution equivalent method, all alternative methods reveal that the prevailing EPT criteria substantially underestimate the purification value of TN and TP. Optimized based on the equivalent pollution load method (using non lake/reservoir limit values for TP), the cost apportionment ratios for COD Cr, TN and TP are set at 25%, 55% and 20%, respectively. Accordingly, the 2023 unit prices for wetland purification service are calculated as 3.3 CNY/kg for COD Cr, 59.3 CNY/kg for TN and 167.3 CNY/kg for TP. Developed on basis of actual operating expenditure of domestic wastewater treatment facilities, the proposed pricing system overcomes current limitations of using environmental protection tax rates in ecosystem service valuation and provides robust scientific support for gross ecosystem product (GEP) accounting, eco compensation standard setting and EPT environmental reform.
Against the theoretical limitations and practical challenges of directly adopting tax rates specified in the Environmental Protection Tax Law of People’s Republic of China as substitution costs, this study establishes a multi-method framework for apportioning the operating costs of wastewater treatment, aiming to calculate pollutant removal unit costs that more closely reflect actual abatement costs. Using nationwide macro-statistical data of centralized wastewater treatment plants from 2015 to 2023, the unit operating costs for removing COD Cr, TN and TP are quantified via four approaches:characterization factor method, comprehensive trophic state index method, equivalent pollution load method, and environmental protection tax (EPT) pollution equivalent method. The results indicate that, compared with the cost allocation derived from EPT pollution equivalent method, all alternative methods reveal that the prevailing EPT criteria substantially underestimate the purification value of TN and TP. Optimized based on the equivalent pollution load method (using non lake/reservoir limit values for TP), the cost apportionment ratios for COD Cr, TN and TP are set at 25%, 55% and 20%, respectively. Accordingly, the 2023 unit prices for wetland purification service are calculated as 3.3 CNY/kg for COD Cr, 59.3 CNY/kg for TN and 167.3 CNY/kg for TP. Developed on basis of actual operating expenditure of domestic wastewater treatment facilities, the proposed pricing system overcomes current limitations of using environmental protection tax rates in ecosystem service valuation and provides robust scientific support for gross ecosystem product (GEP) accounting, eco compensation standard setting and EPT environmental reform.
2026,42(3):218-226, 250
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.03.025
Abstract:
A systematic review of domestic and international literature was conducted to summarize distribution characteristics and toxic effects of short-chain per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in water, sediments and aquatic organisms. Short chain PFASs are widely detected across global water bodies, sediments and aquatic organisms, and tend to accumulate persistently in aquatic environments owing to their recalcitrance and multiple pollution sources. The total mass concentration of PFASs in global water ranges from 27.5 to 1550 ng/L, among which short chain PFASs account for the highest propertion, reaching 78.60%. The mass ratio of PFASs in fish liver is measured at 2.65~1100 ng/g. Compared with long chain PFASs, short chain counterparts possess higher bioaccumulation potential and lower median lethal concentrations toward same aquatic organisms. They also trigger diverse toxic effects on aquatic organisms at lower trophic levels.
A systematic review of domestic and international literature was conducted to summarize distribution characteristics and toxic effects of short-chain per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in water, sediments and aquatic organisms. Short chain PFASs are widely detected across global water bodies, sediments and aquatic organisms, and tend to accumulate persistently in aquatic environments owing to their recalcitrance and multiple pollution sources. The total mass concentration of PFASs in global water ranges from 27.5 to 1550 ng/L, among which short chain PFASs account for the highest propertion, reaching 78.60%. The mass ratio of PFASs in fish liver is measured at 2.65~1100 ng/g. Compared with long chain PFASs, short chain counterparts possess higher bioaccumulation potential and lower median lethal concentrations toward same aquatic organisms. They also trigger diverse toxic effects on aquatic organisms at lower trophic levels.
2026,42(3):227-240
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.03.026
Abstract:
High-throughput sequencing was applied to analyze correlations among environmental factors, antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs), mobile genetic elements(MGEs) and microbial communities in the Yuan River, so as to explore distribution patterns, primary driving factors and potential host characteristics of ARGs in the river. The results showed that sulfamethoxazole and roxithromycin were dominant antibiotic contaminants in the Yuan River. A total of 159 ARG subtypes belonging to 14 classes were detected across all water samples，among which aminoglycoside and multidrug resistance genes possessed higher average relative abundances, and multidrug efflux pump gene mdtG exhibited the highest average relative abundance of 0.455 (normalized to 16S rRNA gene). Both total antibiotic concentrations and total relative abundances of ARGs were higher in downstream reaches than upstream reaches. Mantel test revealed no significant direct correlations between ARGs and most environmental factors, nor between MGEs and environmental parameters. Significant positive correlations were observed among environmental factors, ARGs and most dominant microbial taxa, implying that environmental factors (including residual antibiotics) indirectly regulate distribution of ARGs by altering composition of dominant microbiota. Two taxa, unclassified_f_Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17 and unclassified_o_Vicinamibacterales, were predominant in the Yuan River and served as primary potential hosts of detected ARGs throughout the watershed.
High-throughput sequencing was applied to analyze correlations among environmental factors, antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs), mobile genetic elements(MGEs) and microbial communities in the Yuan River, so as to explore distribution patterns, primary driving factors and potential host characteristics of ARGs in the river. The results showed that sulfamethoxazole and roxithromycin were dominant antibiotic contaminants in the Yuan River. A total of 159 ARG subtypes belonging to 14 classes were detected across all water samples，among which aminoglycoside and multidrug resistance genes possessed higher average relative abundances, and multidrug efflux pump gene mdtG exhibited the highest average relative abundance of 0.455 (normalized to 16S rRNA gene). Both total antibiotic concentrations and total relative abundances of ARGs were higher in downstream reaches than upstream reaches. Mantel test revealed no significant direct correlations between ARGs and most environmental factors, nor between MGEs and environmental parameters. Significant positive correlations were observed among environmental factors, ARGs and most dominant microbial taxa, implying that environmental factors (including residual antibiotics) indirectly regulate distribution of ARGs by altering composition of dominant microbiota. Two taxa, unclassified_f_Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17 and unclassified_o_Vicinamibacterales, were predominant in the Yuan River and served as primary potential hosts of detected ARGs throughout the watershed.
2026,42(3):241-250
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.03.027
Abstract:
Taking actual gravity-flow trunk sewers as research objects, this study adopted metagenomic technology to explore microbial mechanism underlying pollutant attenuation during wastewater transportation. The results show that along sewer flow direction, relative abundance of organic matter-degrading bacteria and denitrifying functional bacteria increases continuously, while that of nitrifying functional bacteria remains at a low level. Microorganisms in upstream section preferentially degrade simple carbon-containing organic compounds, and those in downstream section gradually decompose complex carbon-containing organics such as fatty acids. This metabolic process is mainly powered by glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle. The progressively enhanced denitrification along sewers is primary cause for decline of nitrogen-containing pollutants. In addition, adverse slope at sewer end leads to enrichment of methanogens and related functional genes. Methanogenesis of organic matters further decreases content of carbon-containing pollutants. According to above mechanisms, optimizing operational parameters of wastewater treatment plants,regularly monitoring and removing sewer sediments, and reconstructing adverse slope sections can mitigate biodegradation of pollutants during wastewater transportation and effectively raise influent pollutant concentration of wastewater treatment plants.
Taking actual gravity-flow trunk sewers as research objects, this study adopted metagenomic technology to explore microbial mechanism underlying pollutant attenuation during wastewater transportation. The results show that along sewer flow direction, relative abundance of organic matter-degrading bacteria and denitrifying functional bacteria increases continuously, while that of nitrifying functional bacteria remains at a low level. Microorganisms in upstream section preferentially degrade simple carbon-containing organic compounds, and those in downstream section gradually decompose complex carbon-containing organics such as fatty acids. This metabolic process is mainly powered by glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle. The progressively enhanced denitrification along sewers is primary cause for decline of nitrogen-containing pollutants. In addition, adverse slope at sewer end leads to enrichment of methanogens and related functional genes. Methanogenesis of organic matters further decreases content of carbon-containing pollutants. According to above mechanisms, optimizing operational parameters of wastewater treatment plants,regularly monitoring and removing sewer sediments, and reconstructing adverse slope sections can mitigate biodegradation of pollutants during wastewater transportation and effectively raise influent pollutant concentration of wastewater treatment plants.
2026,42(3):251-260
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.10046933.2026.03.028
Abstract:
Based on SWAT-EFDC model, ecosystem service value assessment method and cooperative game theory were applied to conduct a comparative analysis of ecological compensation standards for inter-basin water diversion project of Qincun Reservoir. The results show that, water resource volume at dam site of Qincun Reservoir decreased from 254 million m3 in baseline scenario to 128 million m3,and water resource volume at outlet of downstream basin decreased from 420 million m3 to 294 million m3. Pollutant carrying capacity of COD Mn and NH3-N in upstream reservoir area decreased by 43.66% and 42.68%, respectively, while that in downstream river channel decreased by 40.67% and 18.57%, respectively. Upper limit of ecological compensation for water source area calculated by ecosystem service value assessment method is 241 million yuan, and total ecological compensation for water receiving area determined by cooperative game theory method is 204 million yuan, including 159.32 million yuan for water source area and 44.19 million yuan for downstream area.
Based on SWAT-EFDC model, ecosystem service value assessment method and cooperative game theory were applied to conduct a comparative analysis of ecological compensation standards for inter-basin water diversion project of Qincun Reservoir. The results show that, water resource volume at dam site of Qincun Reservoir decreased from 254 million m3 in baseline scenario to 128 million m3,and water resource volume at outlet of downstream basin decreased from 420 million m3 to 294 million m3. Pollutant carrying capacity of COD Mn and NH3-N in upstream reservoir area decreased by 43.66% and 42.68%, respectively, while that in downstream river channel decreased by 40.67% and 18.57%, respectively. Upper limit of ecological compensation for water source area calculated by ecosystem service value assessment method is 241 million yuan, and total ecological compensation for water receiving area determined by cooperative game theory method is 204 million yuan, including 159.32 million yuan for water source area and 44.19 million yuan for downstream area.
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2020,36(1):1-8, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.01.001
Abstract:
The biorentention facility for sponge city construction is a typical ecological technology suitable for decentralized rainwater treatment and utilization. However, at present, there are still some problems restricting its operational efficiency and service life. The key technologies and research progresses of bioretention facilities in sponge city construction are reviewed. It is pointed out that the development of high efficiency purifying filler, the establishment of pollutant migration and transformation model, the optimization of design parameters, the risk assessment of organic micro-pollutants accumulation and the construction of remediation technology will become the hot spot in the future research of bioretention facilities for sponge city construction.
The biorentention facility for sponge city construction is a typical ecological technology suitable for decentralized rainwater treatment and utilization. However, at present, there are still some problems restricting its operational efficiency and service life. The key technologies and research progresses of bioretention facilities in sponge city construction are reviewed. It is pointed out that the development of high efficiency purifying filler, the establishment of pollutant migration and transformation model, the optimization of design parameters, the risk assessment of organic micro-pollutants accumulation and the construction of remediation technology will become the hot spot in the future research of bioretention facilities for sponge city construction.
2020,36(4):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.04.001
Abstract:
Based on the analysis of the existing methods of on-line discharge monitoring of hydrometry stations, this paper summarizes the latest research progress of velocity-area method and hydraulic method in on-line discharge monitoring. Cross section discharge was calculated based on local flow velocity, and the on-line discharge monitoring method based on velocity-area method is divided into three categories: index-velocity method, velocity distribution model method and surface velocity method. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of H-ADCP method, V-ADCP method, two-line energy slope method, radar method, particle image method, water measuring building method and hydraulic building method, and points out that further research will be carried out in improving online discharge monitoring accuracy, improving stability and promoting application.
Based on the analysis of the existing methods of on-line discharge monitoring of hydrometry stations, this paper summarizes the latest research progress of velocity-area method and hydraulic method in on-line discharge monitoring. Cross section discharge was calculated based on local flow velocity, and the on-line discharge monitoring method based on velocity-area method is divided into three categories: index-velocity method, velocity distribution model method and surface velocity method. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of H-ADCP method, V-ADCP method, two-line energy slope method, radar method, particle image method, water measuring building method and hydraulic building method, and points out that further research will be carried out in improving online discharge monitoring accuracy, improving stability and promoting application.
2019,35(1):1-5, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2019.01.001
Abstract:
Based on the analysis of the development process of comprehensive watershed management the basic concept of comprehensive watershed management is put forward, and a multi-dimensional nested theoretical framework of comprehensive watershed management system is constructed, including five dimensions of time, space, factor, process and regulation. Three key technical systems of comprehensive watershed management such as mechanism identification technology system, quantitative simulation technology system and optimization decision-making technology system are proposed, providing scientific support for the practices of comprehensive watershed management in China.
Based on the analysis of the development process of comprehensive watershed management the basic concept of comprehensive watershed management is put forward, and a multi-dimensional nested theoretical framework of comprehensive watershed management system is constructed, including five dimensions of time, space, factor, process and regulation. Three key technical systems of comprehensive watershed management such as mechanism identification technology system, quantitative simulation technology system and optimization decision-making technology system are proposed, providing scientific support for the practices of comprehensive watershed management in China.
2020,36(3):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.03.001
Abstract:
In the past century, great achievements have been made in global water management, which has provided key supports for sustainable development. However, the global water problems keep increasing, it is urgent to further improve water management modes. Based on the development history of water problems, this paper explored the causes of water problems, and analyzed the shortcomings of global water management modes from the aspects of objectives, overall framework, and technical approaches: in the current global water management modes, the natural properties of water cycle and its multi-processes have not been fully integrated, and there exists serious problems such as end-disposal and process-dissociation. The development suggestions for the future water control mode are put forward: from the perspective of coupling multi process mutual feed mechanism of basin water cycle, we should enhance the role of natural attributes and natural forces, and coordinate the function of multi-elements and multi-processes, building a Nature Enriched and Attributes Coordinated Watershed to manage the complex water problems systematically.
In the past century, great achievements have been made in global water management, which has provided key supports for sustainable development. However, the global water problems keep increasing, it is urgent to further improve water management modes. Based on the development history of water problems, this paper explored the causes of water problems, and analyzed the shortcomings of global water management modes from the aspects of objectives, overall framework, and technical approaches: in the current global water management modes, the natural properties of water cycle and its multi-processes have not been fully integrated, and there exists serious problems such as end-disposal and process-dissociation. The development suggestions for the future water control mode are put forward: from the perspective of coupling multi process mutual feed mechanism of basin water cycle, we should enhance the role of natural attributes and natural forces, and coordinate the function of multi-elements and multi-processes, building a Nature Enriched and Attributes Coordinated Watershed to manage the complex water problems systematically.
2020,36(2):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.02.001
Abstract:
In view of the nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin, an evaluation index system covering three criteria layers such as water resources, ecological environment and economic and society is constructed. The water resources carrying capacity of nine provinces in 2002, 2007, 2012 and 2017 was evaluated by the TOPSIS model combined with analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and entropy weight, and the evaluation results of the year of 2017 were diagnosed with obstacle factors. The results show that in the time dimension, the water resources carrying capacity of nine provinces shows an increasing trend, especially in Henan, Shandong and Inner Mongolia, and the improvement of water resources carrying capacity is closely related to the improvement of two criteria level related indicators such as eco-environment, economic society. In the spatial dimension, the water resources carrying capacity of the nine provinces does not reach the level of grade I(carriable level), and the spatial difference is obvious. Water production module, water resources per capita, water supply modulus, ecological water use rate, vegetation coverage rate, water consumption per 10 000 RMB of industrial added value and water consumption per 10 000 RMB of GDP are seven major obstacles, and there are significant differences of some obstacle factors in different provinces.
In view of the nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin, an evaluation index system covering three criteria layers such as water resources, ecological environment and economic and society is constructed. The water resources carrying capacity of nine provinces in 2002, 2007, 2012 and 2017 was evaluated by the TOPSIS model combined with analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and entropy weight, and the evaluation results of the year of 2017 were diagnosed with obstacle factors. The results show that in the time dimension, the water resources carrying capacity of nine provinces shows an increasing trend, especially in Henan, Shandong and Inner Mongolia, and the improvement of water resources carrying capacity is closely related to the improvement of two criteria level related indicators such as eco-environment, economic society. In the spatial dimension, the water resources carrying capacity of the nine provinces does not reach the level of grade I(carriable level), and the spatial difference is obvious. Water production module, water resources per capita, water supply modulus, ecological water use rate, vegetation coverage rate, water consumption per 10 000 RMB of industrial added value and water consumption per 10 000 RMB of GDP are seven major obstacles, and there are significant differences of some obstacle factors in different provinces.
2021,37(1):1-6, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2021.01.001
Abstract:
In order to quantitatively analyze and evaluate the spatial balance and spatial difference of water resources, the combined method of connection number and coupling coordination degree was used to evaluate the spatial balance of regional water resources. Considering the composite relationship of water resources, economic society and ecological environment, an evaluation index system for spatial balance of water resources composed of two systems of water resources carrying capcity and bearing pressure and 15 evaluation indexes was established. The weight of evaluation index was calculated by fuzzy analytic hierarchy process based on accelerating genetic algorithm, and a spatial balance evaluation method of water resources based on connection number and coupling coordination degree was proposed. Taking Anhui Province as an example, the results show that the evaluation method is reasonable when applied to the evaluation of water resources spatial balance, which can make up for the defect that the traditional coupling coordination degree can not reflect the uncertainty problem, and accurately reflect the coordination between systems and the overall development level.
In order to quantitatively analyze and evaluate the spatial balance and spatial difference of water resources, the combined method of connection number and coupling coordination degree was used to evaluate the spatial balance of regional water resources. Considering the composite relationship of water resources, economic society and ecological environment, an evaluation index system for spatial balance of water resources composed of two systems of water resources carrying capcity and bearing pressure and 15 evaluation indexes was established. The weight of evaluation index was calculated by fuzzy analytic hierarchy process based on accelerating genetic algorithm, and a spatial balance evaluation method of water resources based on connection number and coupling coordination degree was proposed. Taking Anhui Province as an example, the results show that the evaluation method is reasonable when applied to the evaluation of water resources spatial balance, which can make up for the defect that the traditional coupling coordination degree can not reflect the uncertainty problem, and accurately reflect the coordination between systems and the overall development level.
2019,35(4):1-8, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2019.04.001
Abstract:
This paper briefly described the surface water environment numerical models, including the development history, the application status, and the latest research results at home and abroad of hydrodynamic models, water quality models and water ecological models. Both methods of analyzing model sensitivity and uncertainty and problems of model precision were emphatically expounded. It is pointed out that the systematization, integration and platform construction of the model, the combination of innovation with emerging technologies supported by large data, and the related management issues such as model synthesis and regulation will become the future research hotspots in the field of water environment simulation and prediction.
This paper briefly described the surface water environment numerical models, including the development history, the application status, and the latest research results at home and abroad of hydrodynamic models, water quality models and water ecological models. Both methods of analyzing model sensitivity and uncertainty and problems of model precision were emphatically expounded. It is pointed out that the systematization, integration and platform construction of the model, the combination of innovation with emerging technologies supported by large data, and the related management issues such as model synthesis and regulation will become the future research hotspots in the field of water environment simulation and prediction.
2020,36(4):40-46, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.04.007
Abstract:
Water samples were collected and analyzed respectively at nine sampling sites along Zhengzhou section of Jialu River in July(water diversion time)and in September(no water diversion time), and then comprehensive water quality identification index method and factor analysis were applied for the evaluation of water quality and apportionment of pollution sources respectively. The results showed that the comprehensive water quality of the upper reaches of the Zhengzhou section of the Jialu River was of level II or III, the water quality of the mid-stream Lakes was classified as IV level, and the downstream water quality was classified as IV to worse than V level; the water quality of Suoxu River and Qili River were worse than V level, worse than V level and black smelly water, respectively. Water diversion from Yellow River to the Jialu river through Yangqiao main canal can only change the water quality of the nearest receiving area temporarily, with no obvious impact on the water quality of Zhengzhou section. Two factors can explain the information of 5 water quality indicators. In the lower reaches of the main stream and the tributaries, the representative indices TN, TP, NH+4-N of the first pollution factor are mainly related to the drainage of the municipal sewage treatment, while the representative indexes of the second pollution factor, CODCr and CODMn, are mainly related to the untreated sewage. The pollution of upper and middle reaches of the Jialu River are mainly non-point source pollution and endogenous pollution.
Water samples were collected and analyzed respectively at nine sampling sites along Zhengzhou section of Jialu River in July(water diversion time)and in September(no water diversion time), and then comprehensive water quality identification index method and factor analysis were applied for the evaluation of water quality and apportionment of pollution sources respectively. The results showed that the comprehensive water quality of the upper reaches of the Zhengzhou section of the Jialu River was of level II or III, the water quality of the mid-stream Lakes was classified as IV level, and the downstream water quality was classified as IV to worse than V level; the water quality of Suoxu River and Qili River were worse than V level, worse than V level and black smelly water, respectively. Water diversion from Yellow River to the Jialu river through Yangqiao main canal can only change the water quality of the nearest receiving area temporarily, with no obvious impact on the water quality of Zhengzhou section. Two factors can explain the information of 5 water quality indicators. In the lower reaches of the main stream and the tributaries, the representative indices TN, TP, NH+4-N of the first pollution factor are mainly related to the drainage of the municipal sewage treatment, while the representative indexes of the second pollution factor, CODCr and CODMn, are mainly related to the untreated sewage. The pollution of upper and middle reaches of the Jialu River are mainly non-point source pollution and endogenous pollution.
2015,31(6):76-80, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2015.06.012
Abstract:
The pollution capacity of 4 493 national key water function zones has been checked. Taking water quality status, pollution capacity and present pollution loads entering water body into consideration, the principles for the limitation of discharged pollution are put forward. The aimed results of the pollution control during 2020 and 2030 are as follow: COD will be 5. 852 million t/a and NH3-N will be 0. 526 million t/a in 2020 level year, COD will be 5. 430 million t /a and NH3-N will be 0. 465 million t /a in 2030 level year. The results of the pollution control in each province are analyzed, which show that the annual limitation of total amount of pollution discharged in most provinces is gradually decreasing, which is consistent with the increasing of water quality compliance rate. According to the pollution control scheme, the measures for enhancing management of the limitation of discharged pollution are proposed, including accelerate the construction of monitoring water resources, strengthen the supervision and administration of water function zones, strictly control the pollution loads entering water body, increase investment in water conservation, improve the system of policies and regulations, strengthen the propaganda and education and improve the mechanism of public participation.
The pollution capacity of 4 493 national key water function zones has been checked. Taking water quality status, pollution capacity and present pollution loads entering water body into consideration, the principles for the limitation of discharged pollution are put forward. The aimed results of the pollution control during 2020 and 2030 are as follow: COD will be 5. 852 million t/a and NH3-N will be 0. 526 million t/a in 2020 level year, COD will be 5. 430 million t /a and NH3-N will be 0. 465 million t /a in 2030 level year. The results of the pollution control in each province are analyzed, which show that the annual limitation of total amount of pollution discharged in most provinces is gradually decreasing, which is consistent with the increasing of water quality compliance rate. According to the pollution control scheme, the measures for enhancing management of the limitation of discharged pollution are proposed, including accelerate the construction of monitoring water resources, strengthen the supervision and administration of water function zones, strictly control the pollution loads entering water body, increase investment in water conservation, improve the system of policies and regulations, strengthen the propaganda and education and improve the mechanism of public participation.
2015,31(2):7-14, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2015.02.002
Abstract:
Based on the drought monitoring theory and daily precipitation data covering the period of 1961 2010 in Xinjiang, we compared and analyzed the effectiveness and practicability of the effective drought index (EDI) and standardized precipitation indexes (SPI) based on different time scale (1 , 3 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 24 month). The result shows that EDI is more superior to SPI no matter for short term drought or long term drought. SPI of short term scale is greatly influenced by short duration precipitation, which obviously reflects the variation of drought and flood in short period in Xinjiang. With the expanding of time scale, SPI gradually loses its feedback from short duration precipitation. However, it can still reflect the obvious trend of drought and flood over the long term scale. Like SPI, EDI can also reflect the influence caused by short term drought and recent precipitation. Moreover, with the time passing by, EDI is able to give different weight to everyday precipitation considering the influence to the current drought statues caused by former precipitation. Relevant researches can provide significant theoretical basis to the drought monitoring in humid and some other climatic zones.
Based on the drought monitoring theory and daily precipitation data covering the period of 1961 2010 in Xinjiang, we compared and analyzed the effectiveness and practicability of the effective drought index (EDI) and standardized precipitation indexes (SPI) based on different time scale (1 , 3 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 24 month). The result shows that EDI is more superior to SPI no matter for short term drought or long term drought. SPI of short term scale is greatly influenced by short duration precipitation, which obviously reflects the variation of drought and flood in short period in Xinjiang. With the expanding of time scale, SPI gradually loses its feedback from short duration precipitation. However, it can still reflect the obvious trend of drought and flood over the long term scale. Like SPI, EDI can also reflect the influence caused by short term drought and recent precipitation. Moreover, with the time passing by, EDI is able to give different weight to everyday precipitation considering the influence to the current drought statues caused by former precipitation. Relevant researches can provide significant theoretical basis to the drought monitoring in humid and some other climatic zones.
2020,36(1):31-37, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.01.005
Abstract:
Based on the 30 m×30 m resolution Landsat remote sensing data, the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of vegetation coverage in Chabagou Watershed from 1987 to 2018 were analyzed, and the soil surface erosion level map of the watershed was generated to analyze its impact on runoff generation and sediment yield in the watershed. The results show that the vegetation coverage of Chabagou Watershed was increasing rapidly, from 24. 7% in 1987 to 53. 1% in 2018. The composition of vegetation coverage in the watershed had changed a lot. Since 2002, the proportion of medium and high coverage areas increased significantly, and the growth was mainly concentrated in hilly and gully areas. With the increase of vegetation coverage in the watershed, the runoff generation and sediment yield decreased, and the surface erosion decreased. The impact of vegetation on sediment yield was greater than that on runoff generation.
Based on the 30 m×30 m resolution Landsat remote sensing data, the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of vegetation coverage in Chabagou Watershed from 1987 to 2018 were analyzed, and the soil surface erosion level map of the watershed was generated to analyze its impact on runoff generation and sediment yield in the watershed. The results show that the vegetation coverage of Chabagou Watershed was increasing rapidly, from 24. 7% in 1987 to 53. 1% in 2018. The composition of vegetation coverage in the watershed had changed a lot. Since 2002, the proportion of medium and high coverage areas increased significantly, and the growth was mainly concentrated in hilly and gully areas. With the increase of vegetation coverage in the watershed, the runoff generation and sediment yield decreased, and the surface erosion decreased. The impact of vegetation on sediment yield was greater than that on runoff generation.
2015,31(6):8-17, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2015.06.002
Abstract:
The research progress of ground water deep circulation was summarized. In the inner flow area of Tibet Plateau, the water resources present a huge imbalance, lakes and rivers have a strong leakage. The annual leakage of water is estimated to exceed 1 012 m3. Meanwhile, the groundwater in northern China is also showing a great imbalance. The volcano or rift valley areas, where the precipitation is very small, have a large number of springs gushing out into the rivers and lakes. Rivers and lakes in Inner Mongolia Plateau and Northeast China are beaded distribution in the north-east direction. By analyzing the groundwater supply source of Tianchi Lake in Changbai Mountains, it is determined that the main source of groundwater is from outside regions. The only area which can meet the altitude, isotope signature and others features like leakage at the same time is the inner flow area of Tibet plateau. Isotope signature of strontium and helium of groundwater in Northern China reveal the water rock interaction occurring between the deep-circle groundwater and mantle basalt. The high-conductivity and low-velocity layer in Baikal and Shanxi Rift Valley may be deep-circle groundwater pathways, wherein the basalt porous is conveyance structure. Deep-circle groundwater flowed out from the volcano and rift valley areas, springing water flowed into rivers and lakes. The geothermal gradient in the river source region is lower than the normal value. The leakage water of inner flow area of Tibet Plateau through the deep circulation transport to Inner Mongolia Plateau, Ordos, Alashan, North China Plain, Northeast China Plain, Lake Baikal, the East China Sea, South China Sea, etc. The age of groundwater is increasing, from west to east, generally between 20~40 a.
The research progress of ground water deep circulation was summarized. In the inner flow area of Tibet Plateau, the water resources present a huge imbalance, lakes and rivers have a strong leakage. The annual leakage of water is estimated to exceed 1 012 m3. Meanwhile, the groundwater in northern China is also showing a great imbalance. The volcano or rift valley areas, where the precipitation is very small, have a large number of springs gushing out into the rivers and lakes. Rivers and lakes in Inner Mongolia Plateau and Northeast China are beaded distribution in the north-east direction. By analyzing the groundwater supply source of Tianchi Lake in Changbai Mountains, it is determined that the main source of groundwater is from outside regions. The only area which can meet the altitude, isotope signature and others features like leakage at the same time is the inner flow area of Tibet plateau. Isotope signature of strontium and helium of groundwater in Northern China reveal the water rock interaction occurring between the deep-circle groundwater and mantle basalt. The high-conductivity and low-velocity layer in Baikal and Shanxi Rift Valley may be deep-circle groundwater pathways, wherein the basalt porous is conveyance structure. Deep-circle groundwater flowed out from the volcano and rift valley areas, springing water flowed into rivers and lakes. The geothermal gradient in the river source region is lower than the normal value. The leakage water of inner flow area of Tibet Plateau through the deep circulation transport to Inner Mongolia Plateau, Ordos, Alashan, North China Plain, Northeast China Plain, Lake Baikal, the East China Sea, South China Sea, etc. The age of groundwater is increasing, from west to east, generally between 20~40 a.
2019,35(2):1-12, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2019.02.001
Abstract:
According to in-situ data analysis, the causes of eco-problem in hydro-environmental variation in recent year in Poyang Lake in the lower Yangtze River, and the effect of awidely concerned sluice gate at its outlet are discussed. It is revealed that 1)the ahead of time dry-up after flood seasons is mainly due to the reservoirs impoundment in the upper reach of the Yangtze River, that changed the runoff regime and caused an ahead-seasonal drying in water level for 2-4 m all the way along the Yangtze; 2)massive sand-mining in the outlet channel of Poyang Lake has destructed the natural hydraulic mechanism that elevated the pool in dry seasons, causing a 2 m lowering from February to march at Duchang; 3)retention of reservoirs in the Poyang basin and the general loweredsummer pool in Poyang lake also diminish the after-flood discharge of the lake(August to October), exacerbating the extreme drying especially for the lakes delta regions after season. A sluice gate at the lakes outlet can hold-up and even elevate the lakes pool, but it can also obstruct the migration of fishes for about half-year and impact the habitat and food sources for migratory birds and the water quality of the lake as it becomes an artificial impoundment from riverine regime by the gate in dry seasons. It is also worth worrying about more possible problems for the Yangtze ecosystem as a whole in habitat diversity from the gates, as dams will be thoroughly partitioned in addition to the Three Gorges dam, with more negative effect on fluvial morphology, water level in dry seasons, tidal limits and salt water intrusion. Finally, five countermeasures for comprehensive restoration of both the Yangtze and the Poyang Lake were proposed.
According to in-situ data analysis, the causes of eco-problem in hydro-environmental variation in recent year in Poyang Lake in the lower Yangtze River, and the effect of awidely concerned sluice gate at its outlet are discussed. It is revealed that 1)the ahead of time dry-up after flood seasons is mainly due to the reservoirs impoundment in the upper reach of the Yangtze River, that changed the runoff regime and caused an ahead-seasonal drying in water level for 2-4 m all the way along the Yangtze; 2)massive sand-mining in the outlet channel of Poyang Lake has destructed the natural hydraulic mechanism that elevated the pool in dry seasons, causing a 2 m lowering from February to march at Duchang; 3)retention of reservoirs in the Poyang basin and the general loweredsummer pool in Poyang lake also diminish the after-flood discharge of the lake(August to October), exacerbating the extreme drying especially for the lakes delta regions after season. A sluice gate at the lakes outlet can hold-up and even elevate the lakes pool, but it can also obstruct the migration of fishes for about half-year and impact the habitat and food sources for migratory birds and the water quality of the lake as it becomes an artificial impoundment from riverine regime by the gate in dry seasons. It is also worth worrying about more possible problems for the Yangtze ecosystem as a whole in habitat diversity from the gates, as dams will be thoroughly partitioned in addition to the Three Gorges dam, with more negative effect on fluvial morphology, water level in dry seasons, tidal limits and salt water intrusion. Finally, five countermeasures for comprehensive restoration of both the Yangtze and the Poyang Lake were proposed.
2017,33(1):1-8, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2017.01.001
Abstract:
Based on a review of the problems and challenges of sponge city construction in China, the concept and methodology of an urban water system integrating urban rainstorm-runoff, water pollution control, and an urban ecological greenbelt with wetland and municipal construction(drainage and sewage)are proposed. Based on hydrological theories, the concept of the control rate of total annual runoff, which is the most critical and difficult-to-quantify factor in the construction of a sponge city, is analyzed. It is pointed out that the currently calculated control rate of total annual runoff is actually the control rate of total annual precipitation. Hence, it is necessary to establish an internal relation with the gain factor of the response of the hydrological system, i. e. , the runoff coefficient. It also needs to be noted that the runoff coefficient is not a constant, but the time-varying nonlinearity of the combination of soil moisture, precipitation intensity, and the underlying surface. Additionally, the relationship between low impact development(LID)during sponge city construction and the improved control rate of total annual runoff are analyzed, in order to examine the conditions and risks of sea views in cities. Finally, it is suggested that the runoff coefficient nonlinearity, the differences in storage capacity between natural conditions and the conditions after urbanization, river and lake water system storage and land evapotranspiration, basin sponge regulation and control, and risk management should be strengthened on the hydrological basis of sponge city construction and planning. Some suggestions for future sponge city construction in China are put forward.
Based on a review of the problems and challenges of sponge city construction in China, the concept and methodology of an urban water system integrating urban rainstorm-runoff, water pollution control, and an urban ecological greenbelt with wetland and municipal construction(drainage and sewage)are proposed. Based on hydrological theories, the concept of the control rate of total annual runoff, which is the most critical and difficult-to-quantify factor in the construction of a sponge city, is analyzed. It is pointed out that the currently calculated control rate of total annual runoff is actually the control rate of total annual precipitation. Hence, it is necessary to establish an internal relation with the gain factor of the response of the hydrological system, i. e. , the runoff coefficient. It also needs to be noted that the runoff coefficient is not a constant, but the time-varying nonlinearity of the combination of soil moisture, precipitation intensity, and the underlying surface. Additionally, the relationship between low impact development(LID)during sponge city construction and the improved control rate of total annual runoff are analyzed, in order to examine the conditions and risks of sea views in cities. Finally, it is suggested that the runoff coefficient nonlinearity, the differences in storage capacity between natural conditions and the conditions after urbanization, river and lake water system storage and land evapotranspiration, basin sponge regulation and control, and risk management should be strengthened on the hydrological basis of sponge city construction and planning. Some suggestions for future sponge city construction in China are put forward.
2020,36(3):46-51, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.03.009
Abstract:
In order to acquaint with the current status of surface water environment in Central European countries along the “Belt and Road”, the data of surface water pollutants in Central European countries in recent years were summarized, and the pollution status of surface water environment was analyzed. The results show that the levels of conventional pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals in four river basins such as Vistula River basin show a downward trend since the 1970s. However, further treatment route was still needed to remove the pollutants. At present, the levels of emerging pollutants such as antibiotics in each river basin were increasing, which was mainly resulted from the urban sewage discharge. In the future, different types of pollutants should be treated according to their specific sources, while the cooperation between nations on water pollutants treatment should be strengthened to promote the quality of water environment in Central European countries, promoting the economic and social development of countries along the “Belt and Road”.
In order to acquaint with the current status of surface water environment in Central European countries along the “Belt and Road”, the data of surface water pollutants in Central European countries in recent years were summarized, and the pollution status of surface water environment was analyzed. The results show that the levels of conventional pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals in four river basins such as Vistula River basin show a downward trend since the 1970s. However, further treatment route was still needed to remove the pollutants. At present, the levels of emerging pollutants such as antibiotics in each river basin were increasing, which was mainly resulted from the urban sewage discharge. In the future, different types of pollutants should be treated according to their specific sources, while the cooperation between nations on water pollutants treatment should be strengthened to promote the quality of water environment in Central European countries, promoting the economic and social development of countries along the “Belt and Road”.
2016,32(6):156-162, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2016.06.025
Abstract:
This paper summarizes the status of fishway planning and construction in recent years in China. Two typical cases(the Changzhou Water Control Project and the Cuijiaying Navigation-Hydropower Junction)are presented to illustrate the current status of fishways in China. The restrictive factors in the construction and operation of China’s fishways are analyzed with regard to technologies, supervision and management, operational maintenance, and policy systems. Some suggestions, including strengthening research on key technologies, formulating and implementing basins’ environmental protection plans, and implementing adaptive management and accelerating the improvement of relevant policies and regulations, are provided, in order to promote the rapid and healthy development of fishways in China.
This paper summarizes the status of fishway planning and construction in recent years in China. Two typical cases(the Changzhou Water Control Project and the Cuijiaying Navigation-Hydropower Junction)are presented to illustrate the current status of fishways in China. The restrictive factors in the construction and operation of China’s fishways are analyzed with regard to technologies, supervision and management, operational maintenance, and policy systems. Some suggestions, including strengthening research on key technologies, formulating and implementing basins’ environmental protection plans, and implementing adaptive management and accelerating the improvement of relevant policies and regulations, are provided, in order to promote the rapid and healthy development of fishways in China.
2015,31(1):22-29, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2015.01.004
Abstract:
Measures taken in various stages of river regulation in Japan were thoroughly reviewed and interpreted. The “multi natural river” regulation project in Japan was especially summarized and analyzed, making the river regulation ideas and technical measures of different stages clear. The purpose of this paper is to provide references of ideas and technical method about how to combine water conservancy project construction with ecological restoration and water quality improvement for Chinese river regulation.
Measures taken in various stages of river regulation in Japan were thoroughly reviewed and interpreted. The “multi natural river” regulation project in Japan was especially summarized and analyzed, making the river regulation ideas and technical measures of different stages clear. The purpose of this paper is to provide references of ideas and technical method about how to combine water conservancy project construction with ecological restoration and water quality improvement for Chinese river regulation.
2015,31(1):41-47, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2015.01.007
Abstract:
In order to improve the flood control capacity, the water supply security for irrigation and the living environment in rural area, beginning with the present status and problems of rural river regulation in China, the policy measures and the project investment for rural river regulation in China were analyzed, and the present status and development trends of related technology of rural river regulation in China were discussed. The countermeasures and project measures, the ideas and development direction of rural river regulation were put forward. The purpose of this paper is to provide certain reference for the future rural river regulation.
In order to improve the flood control capacity, the water supply security for irrigation and the living environment in rural area, beginning with the present status and problems of rural river regulation in China, the policy measures and the project investment for rural river regulation in China were analyzed, and the present status and development trends of related technology of rural river regulation in China were discussed. The countermeasures and project measures, the ideas and development direction of rural river regulation were put forward. The purpose of this paper is to provide certain reference for the future rural river regulation.
2019,35(1):6-13, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2019.01.002
Abstract:
In order to quantify the water consumption of winter wheat, and make use of the regional water resources rationally, water footprint of winter wheat in Haihe River Basin from 1958 to 2016 was accounted, and direct and indirect effects of meteorological and agricultural input on water footprint of winter wheat was analyzed based on Penman formula, daily scale soil water balance and path analysis. The results show that the years average total water footprint of winter wheat in the basin was 239. 6 billion m3 and the average unit water footprint was 1 840 m3/t. The water footprint shows a significantly decreasing trend. The water footprint was heterogeneous in space with the largest water footprint in Beijing and Tianjin, followed by Shanxi, Shandong and Henan. The total power of agricultural machinery and the amount of converted fertilizer application have the biggest direct effect on the water footprint of winter wheat. Meteorological factors influence water footprint of winter wheat mainly by input factors of agricultural production. Water footprint of winter wheat can be reduced by increasing agricultural productivity. Fertilization should be reduced in areas with high grey water footprint, such as Beijing and Tianjin.
In order to quantify the water consumption of winter wheat, and make use of the regional water resources rationally, water footprint of winter wheat in Haihe River Basin from 1958 to 2016 was accounted, and direct and indirect effects of meteorological and agricultural input on water footprint of winter wheat was analyzed based on Penman formula, daily scale soil water balance and path analysis. The results show that the years average total water footprint of winter wheat in the basin was 239. 6 billion m3 and the average unit water footprint was 1 840 m3/t. The water footprint shows a significantly decreasing trend. The water footprint was heterogeneous in space with the largest water footprint in Beijing and Tianjin, followed by Shanxi, Shandong and Henan. The total power of agricultural machinery and the amount of converted fertilizer application have the biggest direct effect on the water footprint of winter wheat. Meteorological factors influence water footprint of winter wheat mainly by input factors of agricultural production. Water footprint of winter wheat can be reduced by increasing agricultural productivity. Fertilization should be reduced in areas with high grey water footprint, such as Beijing and Tianjin.
2019,35(3):1-6, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2019.03.001
Abstract:
In view of the problems of in-situ or ectopic remediation technology of contaminated sediment, such as the need to introduce foreign materials, or the long-term occupation of land and the prone to secondary pollution, etc. , a contaminated sediment backfill technology(CSBT)was put forward, in which the dredged sediment is sintered into ceramists and backfilled into the original dredged area after dewatering, drying and harmless treatment. The potential of CSBT for remediation of sediment was discussed in terms of enhancing bed stability, clarifying mud-water interface, changing vertical distribution of dissolved oxygen in sediment and reducing pollutant release flux from sediment. Sediment dredging can directly remove most of the surface pollutants, while sintering at high temperature during the preparation of ceramsite can reduce the pollution of dredged sediment. The stability of the bed surface increases, the particles are not easy to suspend again under the same hydrodynamic conditions, the release flux of sediment decreases significantly, and the permeation depth of dissolved oxygen on the bed surface increases after ceramsite backfilling.
In view of the problems of in-situ or ectopic remediation technology of contaminated sediment, such as the need to introduce foreign materials, or the long-term occupation of land and the prone to secondary pollution, etc. , a contaminated sediment backfill technology(CSBT)was put forward, in which the dredged sediment is sintered into ceramists and backfilled into the original dredged area after dewatering, drying and harmless treatment. The potential of CSBT for remediation of sediment was discussed in terms of enhancing bed stability, clarifying mud-water interface, changing vertical distribution of dissolved oxygen in sediment and reducing pollutant release flux from sediment. Sediment dredging can directly remove most of the surface pollutants, while sintering at high temperature during the preparation of ceramsite can reduce the pollution of dredged sediment. The stability of the bed surface increases, the particles are not easy to suspend again under the same hydrodynamic conditions, the release flux of sediment decreases significantly, and the permeation depth of dissolved oxygen on the bed surface increases after ceramsite backfilling.
Journal information
- Supervisory Authority
Ministry of Education，P.R.China
- Sponsored by
Hohai University; Chinese Hydraulic Engineering Society
- Editor-in-Chief
WANG Peifang
- Address：
No.1 Xikang Road ,Nanjing 210098, P. R. China
- Postcode：
210098
- Phone：
025-83786642
- E-mail：
bh1985@vip.163.com,bh@hhu.edu.cn
- CN：
32-1356/TV
- ISSN：
1004-6933
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