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2024,40(6):1-9 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.06.001
Abstract:
Using the carbon dioxide emission equivalent analysis
Using the carbon dioxide emission equivalent analysis
2024,40(6):10-19, 47 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.06.002
Abstract:
To balance the risk and benefit among reservoirs within a basin, enhance the enthusiasm of individual reservoir to participate in joint reservoir group scheduling, and maintain the stability of the reservoir group’s operation, a reservoir group power generation optimization scheduling model was established based on GAMS software. The compensation benefits for each reservoir were determined. The entropy weight method was employed to calculate the importance of each reservoir based on characteristic parameter values of reservoirs. Aggregation dimensionality reduction thought was used to improve the Shapley value method in cooperative game theory, and the risk index system was established to evaluate the beneficial scheduling risks of reservoirs. A risk compensation method for reservoir groups based on scheduling risk correction benefit allocation scheme has been proposed, thereby achieving a balance of risk and benefit for reservoir groups under different operation scheduling schemes and power generation disruption situations. Taking 12 control reservoirs on 6 main and tributary rivers of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River as an example, the results show that this risk compensation method not only considers the individual characteristics of the reservoirs and the contribution of scheduling benefits, but also takes into account the scheduling risks of the reservoirs, achieving a rational allocation of compensation benefits for the reservoir group. Keywords: reservoir group scheduling; GAMS software; compensation benefit allocation; risk compensation; power generation disruption 〖FL
To balance the risk and benefit among reservoirs within a basin, enhance the enthusiasm of individual reservoir to participate in joint reservoir group scheduling, and maintain the stability of the reservoir group’s operation, a reservoir group power generation optimization scheduling model was established based on GAMS software. The compensation benefits for each reservoir were determined. The entropy weight method was employed to calculate the importance of each reservoir based on characteristic parameter values of reservoirs. Aggregation dimensionality reduction thought was used to improve the Shapley value method in cooperative game theory, and the risk index system was established to evaluate the beneficial scheduling risks of reservoirs. A risk compensation method for reservoir groups based on scheduling risk correction benefit allocation scheme has been proposed, thereby achieving a balance of risk and benefit for reservoir groups under different operation scheduling schemes and power generation disruption situations. Taking 12 control reservoirs on 6 main and tributary rivers of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River as an example, the results show that this risk compensation method not only considers the individual characteristics of the reservoirs and the contribution of scheduling benefits, but also takes into account the scheduling risks of the reservoirs, achieving a rational allocation of compensation benefits for the reservoir group. Keywords: reservoir group scheduling; GAMS software; compensation benefit allocation; risk compensation; power generation disruption 〖FL
2024,40(6):20-27, 68 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.06.003
Abstract:
Aiming at the problem of significant deviation between the calculation results of abandoned water risk in existing hydropower stations and the actual situation, based on the principle of water balance, a cascade reservoir abandoned water risk quantification method coupling runoff and load dual uncertainties was proposed by identifying abandoned water risk factors. The concept of critical abandonment probability was introduced, and a method for determining the critical abandonment probability of cascade reservoirs based on the joint minimum of warning false alarm rate and missed alarm rate, as well as a method for controlling the water level drop of cascade reservoirs at the end of the water supply period based on the critical abandonment probability, were proposed. On this basis, a mid- and long-term multi-objective optimal operation model considering the abandoned water risk in cascade reservoirs was constructed, and a case study was conducted on the Wujiang cascade reservoir group. The results show that there is a significant monotonic increasing relationship between the abandoned water probability and the abandoned water flow rate in the Wujiang cascade reservoir group. The two-stage scheme of coupling operation period and residual period has increased the power generation efficiency by about 0.51% compared to the conventional optimized scheduling scheme, and the ecological efficiency has increased by about 1.06 times. Keywords: water abandonment risk; cascade reservoirs; critical abandonment probability; generation operation; ecological operation; multi-objective optimization; Wujiang cascade reservoir group 〖FL
Aiming at the problem of significant deviation between the calculation results of abandoned water risk in existing hydropower stations and the actual situation, based on the principle of water balance, a cascade reservoir abandoned water risk quantification method coupling runoff and load dual uncertainties was proposed by identifying abandoned water risk factors. The concept of critical abandonment probability was introduced, and a method for determining the critical abandonment probability of cascade reservoirs based on the joint minimum of warning false alarm rate and missed alarm rate, as well as a method for controlling the water level drop of cascade reservoirs at the end of the water supply period based on the critical abandonment probability, were proposed. On this basis, a mid- and long-term multi-objective optimal operation model considering the abandoned water risk in cascade reservoirs was constructed, and a case study was conducted on the Wujiang cascade reservoir group. The results show that there is a significant monotonic increasing relationship between the abandoned water probability and the abandoned water flow rate in the Wujiang cascade reservoir group. The two-stage scheme of coupling operation period and residual period has increased the power generation efficiency by about 0.51% compared to the conventional optimized scheduling scheme, and the ecological efficiency has increased by about 1.06 times. Keywords: water abandonment risk; cascade reservoirs; critical abandonment probability; generation operation; ecological operation; multi-objective optimization; Wujiang cascade reservoir group 〖FL
2024,40(6):28-37, 77 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.06.004
Abstract:
Based on the China Regional Ground Surface Meteorological Element Driving Dataset from 1979 to 2018 and multiple atmospheric circulation mode indices, the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of extreme precipitation in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and their relationships with atmospheric circulation modes were explored using improved Mann Kendall trend test method, Pearson correlation analysis, wavelet analysis and other methods. The results show that extreme precipitation in the Greater Bay Area shows an overall increasing trend, with the most significant increasing trend spatially distributed in the central and northern regions, and extreme precipitation is concentrated in June mostly. The atmospheric circulation mode which is most strongly correlated with extreme precipitation in the Greater Bay Area is EAM
Based on the China Regional Ground Surface Meteorological Element Driving Dataset from 1979 to 2018 and multiple atmospheric circulation mode indices, the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of extreme precipitation in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and their relationships with atmospheric circulation modes were explored using improved Mann Kendall trend test method, Pearson correlation analysis, wavelet analysis and other methods. The results show that extreme precipitation in the Greater Bay Area shows an overall increasing trend, with the most significant increasing trend spatially distributed in the central and northern regions, and extreme precipitation is concentrated in June mostly. The atmospheric circulation mode which is most strongly correlated with extreme precipitation in the Greater Bay Area is EAM
2024,40(6):38-47 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.06.005
Abstract:
A random forest model for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area was constructed, the distribution of coastal wetlands from 1987 to 2020 was extracted year by year. Methods such as environmental Kuznets curve
A random forest model for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area was constructed, the distribution of coastal wetlands from 1987 to 2020 was extracted year by year. Methods such as environmental Kuznets curve
2024,40(6):48-57 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.06.006
Abstract:
With active resource trade in Guangdong Province, the relationship between water, energy, and food consumption is complicated, which makes comprehensive resource management difficult. Therefore,it is necessary to accurately calculate resource utilization efficiency and quantify resource interaction pressure from the perspective of trade. Based on the multi-scale input-output method,this study calculated the resource intensity of water-energy-food in Guangdong Province,quantified the circulation of water-energy-food-related resource elements,and conducted a quantitative analysis of the mutual interplay of water-energy-food resource pressures from the perspective of trade. The results show that, from 2007 to 2017, the water-energy-food resource intensity in all sectors in Guangdong Province gradually decreased, and the utilization efficiency gradually increased. High water and food intensity were concentrated in resource-intensive sectors such as the water production and supply industry and agriculture, while the energy intensity was higher in sectors such as mining, electricity,and gas production and supply. Various sectors absorbed a large amount of water-energy-food resources into the Guangdong economic system, mainly from the manufacturing industry. Urban consumption and out-of-province transfers were the main final consumption outlets for water-energy-food resources.The pressure on local resource use in Guangdong Province has improved significantly because of water-energy-food resource trade circulation. Energy trade has relieved 84.33% of the pressure on local energy use,and food trade had relieved 40.13% of the pressure on food use. The water pressure relief effect of food trade was five times that of energy trade. Keywords: water-energy-food; resource intensity; resource circulation; resource pressure; Guangdong Province 〖FL
With active resource trade in Guangdong Province, the relationship between water, energy, and food consumption is complicated, which makes comprehensive resource management difficult. Therefore,it is necessary to accurately calculate resource utilization efficiency and quantify resource interaction pressure from the perspective of trade. Based on the multi-scale input-output method,this study calculated the resource intensity of water-energy-food in Guangdong Province,quantified the circulation of water-energy-food-related resource elements,and conducted a quantitative analysis of the mutual interplay of water-energy-food resource pressures from the perspective of trade. The results show that, from 2007 to 2017, the water-energy-food resource intensity in all sectors in Guangdong Province gradually decreased, and the utilization efficiency gradually increased. High water and food intensity were concentrated in resource-intensive sectors such as the water production and supply industry and agriculture, while the energy intensity was higher in sectors such as mining, electricity,and gas production and supply. Various sectors absorbed a large amount of water-energy-food resources into the Guangdong economic system, mainly from the manufacturing industry. Urban consumption and out-of-province transfers were the main final consumption outlets for water-energy-food resources.The pressure on local resource use in Guangdong Province has improved significantly because of water-energy-food resource trade circulation. Energy trade has relieved 84.33% of the pressure on local energy use,and food trade had relieved 40.13% of the pressure on food use. The water pressure relief effect of food trade was five times that of energy trade. Keywords: water-energy-food; resource intensity; resource circulation; resource pressure; Guangdong Province 〖FL
2024,40(6):58-68 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.06.007
Abstract:
To accelerate the construction of resilient cities in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, with the goal of facilitating the integrated and high-quality development, this study used the panel data of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration from 2015 to 2021 and adopted the entropy weight-TOPSIS method, kernel density estimation, spatial Markov chains, and geodetector model to explore the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of flood resilience and the influencing factors of cities in the Yangtze River Delta based on the pressure-state-response framework. The results show that the flood resilience of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration shows a fluctuating upward trend, with the data increasing from 0.393 in 2015 to 0.441 in 2021, but the proportion of cities in the state of medium and low resilience is high. The development of regional flood resilience is uneven, presenting a polycentric situation centered at the provincial capital city, with the occurrence of polarization phenomenon. Urban flood resilience is transferred from low resilience to high resilience, and high resilience cities demonstrate a high probability to maintain their own state and have a positive spatial spillover effect on neighboring cities. Spatial heterogeneity in urban flood resilience is the result of the combined effect of multiple factors, and the interaction between factors has a double factor enhancement effect. Keywords: urban flood resilience; kernel density estimation; spatial Markov chain; influencing factor; Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration 〖FL
To accelerate the construction of resilient cities in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, with the goal of facilitating the integrated and high-quality development, this study used the panel data of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration from 2015 to 2021 and adopted the entropy weight-TOPSIS method, kernel density estimation, spatial Markov chains, and geodetector model to explore the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of flood resilience and the influencing factors of cities in the Yangtze River Delta based on the pressure-state-response framework. The results show that the flood resilience of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration shows a fluctuating upward trend, with the data increasing from 0.393 in 2015 to 0.441 in 2021, but the proportion of cities in the state of medium and low resilience is high. The development of regional flood resilience is uneven, presenting a polycentric situation centered at the provincial capital city, with the occurrence of polarization phenomenon. Urban flood resilience is transferred from low resilience to high resilience, and high resilience cities demonstrate a high probability to maintain their own state and have a positive spatial spillover effect on neighboring cities. Spatial heterogeneity in urban flood resilience is the result of the combined effect of multiple factors, and the interaction between factors has a double factor enhancement effect. Keywords: urban flood resilience; kernel density estimation; spatial Markov chain; influencing factor; Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration 〖FL
2024,40(6):69-77 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.06.008
Abstract:
In view of the prominent contradiction between the accuracy and calculation efficiency of the numerical simulation of rainstorm floods in high-density cities, based on the characteristics of short-term heavy rainfall, the characteristics of rapid runoff generation and concentration, the limitations and actual needs of refined simulation and other current situations, starting from the whole basin system, according to the principle of water balance and the equivalent flow capacity of the pipeline, the dimension reduction generalization of the pipeline network was carried out, and the calculation method of the equivalent pipeline parameters was given. Taking the Liedechong River Basin, Guangzhou City, as an example and the applicability of the model was evaluated by using the measured waterlogging submergence depth, location, and the process water level of the manholes and river channels. The results show that the Nash efficiency coefficients of the coupled model based on pipeline network dimensionality reduction generalization in simulating the dynamic changes of water levels in river channels and manhole of the Liedechong River Basin are all greater than 0.7. The proposed pipe network dimensionality reduction generalization method is reasonable. The relative error of surface inundation depth is 8.93%, and the absolute error is 0.05 m. The simulation speed has increased by 57% compared to the coupling model based on the current situation of the pipeline network. The simulation results of the coupled model based on pipeline network dimensionality reduction generalization are in good agreement with the actual situation, and can better reflect the evolution process of urban floods, with hiqh accuracy and efficiency. Keywords: high-density city; rainstorm flood; equivalent flow capacity; pipeline network dimension reduction model; Liedechong River Basin 〖FL
In view of the prominent contradiction between the accuracy and calculation efficiency of the numerical simulation of rainstorm floods in high-density cities, based on the characteristics of short-term heavy rainfall, the characteristics of rapid runoff generation and concentration, the limitations and actual needs of refined simulation and other current situations, starting from the whole basin system, according to the principle of water balance and the equivalent flow capacity of the pipeline, the dimension reduction generalization of the pipeline network was carried out, and the calculation method of the equivalent pipeline parameters was given. Taking the Liedechong River Basin, Guangzhou City, as an example and the applicability of the model was evaluated by using the measured waterlogging submergence depth, location, and the process water level of the manholes and river channels. The results show that the Nash efficiency coefficients of the coupled model based on pipeline network dimensionality reduction generalization in simulating the dynamic changes of water levels in river channels and manhole of the Liedechong River Basin are all greater than 0.7. The proposed pipe network dimensionality reduction generalization method is reasonable. The relative error of surface inundation depth is 8.93%, and the absolute error is 0.05 m. The simulation speed has increased by 57% compared to the coupling model based on the current situation of the pipeline network. The simulation results of the coupled model based on pipeline network dimensionality reduction generalization are in good agreement with the actual situation, and can better reflect the evolution process of urban floods, with hiqh accuracy and efficiency. Keywords: high-density city; rainstorm flood; equivalent flow capacity; pipeline network dimension reduction model; Liedechong River Basin 〖FL
2024,40(6):78-84 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.06.009
Abstract:
Aiming at the urban waterlogging problem induced by urban rainstorm and outer river flood, the characteristics of urban rain-flood encounter were studied. Taking Duanzhou District of Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province as an example, rain-flood joint distributions were constructed with symmetric and asymmetric product Copula functions, respectively, based on long series of measured rainfall data and Xijiang River streamflow data. The optimal Copula function was selected by Akaike information criterion and the graph evaluation method for rain-flood encounter risk analysis. The results show that the asymmetric product Frank Copula II function has the best fitting effect. In the rainstorm-dominated combination, the conditional risk probability of Xijiang River flood is relatively high when heavy rain occurs in Duanzhou District. In the flood-dominated combination, the rain-flood combined risk probability under different flood recurrence periods is slightly greater than the corresponding frequency of Xijiang River flood. Keywords: urban waterlogging; rain-flood encounter; asymmetric product Copula function; joint distribution; risk analysis; Zhaoqing City 〖FL
Aiming at the urban waterlogging problem induced by urban rainstorm and outer river flood, the characteristics of urban rain-flood encounter were studied. Taking Duanzhou District of Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province as an example, rain-flood joint distributions were constructed with symmetric and asymmetric product Copula functions, respectively, based on long series of measured rainfall data and Xijiang River streamflow data. The optimal Copula function was selected by Akaike information criterion and the graph evaluation method for rain-flood encounter risk analysis. The results show that the asymmetric product Frank Copula II function has the best fitting effect. In the rainstorm-dominated combination, the conditional risk probability of Xijiang River flood is relatively high when heavy rain occurs in Duanzhou District. In the flood-dominated combination, the rain-flood combined risk probability under different flood recurrence periods is slightly greater than the corresponding frequency of Xijiang River flood. Keywords: urban waterlogging; rain-flood encounter; asymmetric product Copula function; joint distribution; risk analysis; Zhaoqing City 〖FL
2024,40(6):85-94 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.06.010
Abstract:
Based on the InfoWorks ICM urban waterlogging model and coupled with the economic loss calculation of waterlogging, the system performance curve of Beijing was characterized under different climate scenarios in the future and rainfall recurrence periods. A dynamic assessment system for waterlogging resilience in Beijing was established, taking into account the resistance, adaptability, and resilience of waterlogging. The impact of future climate change on waterlogging resilience in Beijing was quantitatively evaluated. The results show that under the combination scenarios of SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5 climate change and rainfall recurrence periods of 5,20, 50, and 100 a, respectively, Beijing has a higher level of waterlogging resilience. Among different land use types, industrial areas have the highest resilience level, while residential areas have the lowest resilience level. The waterlogging resilience level of Beijing inner ring area is significantly lower than that of the outer ring area. Keywords: urban waterlogging resilience; system performance curve; quantification of economic losses; InfoWorks ICM model; climate change scenario; Beijing City 〖FL
Based on the InfoWorks ICM urban waterlogging model and coupled with the economic loss calculation of waterlogging, the system performance curve of Beijing was characterized under different climate scenarios in the future and rainfall recurrence periods. A dynamic assessment system for waterlogging resilience in Beijing was established, taking into account the resistance, adaptability, and resilience of waterlogging. The impact of future climate change on waterlogging resilience in Beijing was quantitatively evaluated. The results show that under the combination scenarios of SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5 climate change and rainfall recurrence periods of 5,20, 50, and 100 a, respectively, Beijing has a higher level of waterlogging resilience. Among different land use types, industrial areas have the highest resilience level, while residential areas have the lowest resilience level. The waterlogging resilience level of Beijing inner ring area is significantly lower than that of the outer ring area. Keywords: urban waterlogging resilience; system performance curve; quantification of economic losses; InfoWorks ICM model; climate change scenario; Beijing City 〖FL
2024,40(6):95-103, 172 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.06.011
Abstract:
In order to accurately simulate urban rainstorm flood process, an urban rainstorm flood dynamic model coupled with surface runoff and sewer flow was established. The model mainly includes two-dimensional surface runoff module, one-dimensional sewer flow module, surface runoff and sewer flow interaction module and key infrastructure inundation module. The two-dimensional surface runoff module used the two-dimensional shallow water equation and Horton infiltration formula to simulate the surface runoff process. The sewer flow module used TPA method and Godunov finite volume method to solve one-dimensional pipe flow equations and simulate complex flow patterns in urban drainage networks. The two modules were coupled using formulas based on the discharge and overflow capacity of street inlets. The model was applied to Gangxi drainage area in Qingshan District, Wuhan City. The accuracy of the model was verified by using the 5a return period rainfall waterlogging risk map of Gangxi drainage area, and the urban rainstorm flood process under the 100a return period rainfall was simulated. The results show that the model has good calculation accuracy, and the simulated water depth of over 88.8% of waterlogging points is consistent with the official published results. Under the condition of the 100a return period rainfall, the areas of moderate and severe waterlogging in the Gangxi drainage area account for 12.52% and 1.16% of the study area, respectively. Keywords: urban rainstorm flood; surface runoff; sewer flow; hydrodynamic model; Wuhan City 〖FL
In order to accurately simulate urban rainstorm flood process, an urban rainstorm flood dynamic model coupled with surface runoff and sewer flow was established. The model mainly includes two-dimensional surface runoff module, one-dimensional sewer flow module, surface runoff and sewer flow interaction module and key infrastructure inundation module. The two-dimensional surface runoff module used the two-dimensional shallow water equation and Horton infiltration formula to simulate the surface runoff process. The sewer flow module used TPA method and Godunov finite volume method to solve one-dimensional pipe flow equations and simulate complex flow patterns in urban drainage networks. The two modules were coupled using formulas based on the discharge and overflow capacity of street inlets. The model was applied to Gangxi drainage area in Qingshan District, Wuhan City. The accuracy of the model was verified by using the 5a return period rainfall waterlogging risk map of Gangxi drainage area, and the urban rainstorm flood process under the 100a return period rainfall was simulated. The results show that the model has good calculation accuracy, and the simulated water depth of over 88.8% of waterlogging points is consistent with the official published results. Under the condition of the 100a return period rainfall, the areas of moderate and severe waterlogging in the Gangxi drainage area account for 12.52% and 1.16% of the study area, respectively. Keywords: urban rainstorm flood; surface runoff; sewer flow; hydrodynamic model; Wuhan City 〖FL
2024,40(6):104-112, 164 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.06.012
Abstract:
To improve the evaluation capability of the flood risk assessment model in Xinxiang City, six methods including analytic hierarchy process
To improve the evaluation capability of the flood risk assessment model in Xinxiang City, six methods including analytic hierarchy process
2024,40(6):113-120 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.06.013
Abstract:
A comprehensive analysis of the concept and connotation of new quality productivity of water conservancy was conducted, and the differences and connections between new quality productivity of water conservancy and traditional water conservancy productivity were discussed in detail. The important role and key manifestations new quality productivity of water conservancy were also discussed, and the components, core elements, and structural relationships of new quality productivity of water conservancy were systematically summarized. Policy recommendations have been put forward to cultivate and develop the new quality productivity of water conservancy, focusing on strengthening the application of technological innovation in the field of water resources, optimizing the water resources management system and policy design, implementing the strictest water resources management system, improving water conservancy infrastructure construction, vigorously developing the modern water conservancy industry system, and establishing a multi-party collaborative participation mechanism. Keywords: new quality productivity; new quality productivity of water conservancy; high quality development; ecological product value; water resources management 〖FL
A comprehensive analysis of the concept and connotation of new quality productivity of water conservancy was conducted, and the differences and connections between new quality productivity of water conservancy and traditional water conservancy productivity were discussed in detail. The important role and key manifestations new quality productivity of water conservancy were also discussed, and the components, core elements, and structural relationships of new quality productivity of water conservancy were systematically summarized. Policy recommendations have been put forward to cultivate and develop the new quality productivity of water conservancy, focusing on strengthening the application of technological innovation in the field of water resources, optimizing the water resources management system and policy design, implementing the strictest water resources management system, improving water conservancy infrastructure construction, vigorously developing the modern water conservancy industry system, and establishing a multi-party collaborative participation mechanism. Keywords: new quality productivity; new quality productivity of water conservancy; high quality development; ecological product value; water resources management 〖FL
2024,40(6):121-126, 138 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.06.014
Abstract:
In order to measure the development level of water conservancy new quality productivity, analyze its spatial and temporal evolution and driving factors, and better promote the development of water conservancy new quality productivity, we constructed an evaluation system of China’s water conservancy new quality productivity indicators based on the water conservancy new quality laborers, water conservancy new quality labor objects, and water conservancy new quality labor materials, and used the entropy weighting method to measure its level of development from 2006 to 2022, and used the kernel density estimation method, standard deviation ellipse, Dagum’s Gini coefficient were used to explore its spatial and temporal evolution,and geographic detectors were used to investigate its driving factors. The results show that the overall new quality productivity of water conservancy shows an upward trend from 0.143 in 2006 to 0.324 in 2022; the center of gravity of the new quality productivity of water conservancy shows a tendency to move southward；the number of patents of water conservancy enterprises and the number of industrial wastewater treatment facilities are the important driving factors of the new quality productivity of water conservancy. Keywords: spatio-temporal evolution; driving force; entropy weight method; Gini coefficient; geographical detector; new quality productivity of water conservancy 〖FL
In order to measure the development level of water conservancy new quality productivity, analyze its spatial and temporal evolution and driving factors, and better promote the development of water conservancy new quality productivity, we constructed an evaluation system of China’s water conservancy new quality productivity indicators based on the water conservancy new quality laborers, water conservancy new quality labor objects, and water conservancy new quality labor materials, and used the entropy weighting method to measure its level of development from 2006 to 2022, and used the kernel density estimation method, standard deviation ellipse, Dagum’s Gini coefficient were used to explore its spatial and temporal evolution,and geographic detectors were used to investigate its driving factors. The results show that the overall new quality productivity of water conservancy shows an upward trend from 0.143 in 2006 to 0.324 in 2022; the center of gravity of the new quality productivity of water conservancy shows a tendency to move southward；the number of patents of water conservancy enterprises and the number of industrial wastewater treatment facilities are the important driving factors of the new quality productivity of water conservancy. Keywords: spatio-temporal evolution; driving force; entropy weight method; Gini coefficient; geographical detector; new quality productivity of water conservancy 〖FL
2024,40(6):127-138 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.06.015
Abstract:
Based on the water footprint method, the water consumption of agriculture, industry, domestic, and ecology sectors in 31 provinces
Based on the water footprint method, the water consumption of agriculture, industry, domestic, and ecology sectors in 31 provinces
2024,40(6):139-147 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.06.016
Abstract:
Taking the Danba Section upstream of the main stream of the Dadu River Basin as an example, a comprehensive analysis of the water rise law in the basin was conducted. Combining the characteristics of runoff and the scheduling needs of downstream power stations, the threshold for water rise mode classification and the conditions for water rise judgment were determined using the traversal combination optimization method. A classified water rise runoff forecasting scheme based on “form-value” similarity was proposed, achieving a daily rolling forecast of runoff with a prediction period of 10 d. The results showed that from 2019 to 2021, the accuracy of identifying rising water in heavy rain, moderate rain, and light rain during the flood season in the Dadu River Basin reached 100%, 93.18%, and 84.81%, respectively. Compared with the basic forecasting scheme that does not consider the identification of water rise conditions, the average relative error of runoff forecasting for different water rise modes is reduced by 0.45% to 6.81% for the classified water rise runoff forecasting scheme. The average relative errors of runoff forecasts with forecast periods of 1,5, and 10 d are 3.39%, 9.64%, 12.29%, respectively, and the Nash efficiency coefficients reach 0.99,0.95, and 0.91, respectively. This method has high forecast accuracy. Keywords: water rise identification; similarity forecast; runoff rolling forecast; Dadu River Basin 〖FL
Taking the Danba Section upstream of the main stream of the Dadu River Basin as an example, a comprehensive analysis of the water rise law in the basin was conducted. Combining the characteristics of runoff and the scheduling needs of downstream power stations, the threshold for water rise mode classification and the conditions for water rise judgment were determined using the traversal combination optimization method. A classified water rise runoff forecasting scheme based on “form-value” similarity was proposed, achieving a daily rolling forecast of runoff with a prediction period of 10 d. The results showed that from 2019 to 2021, the accuracy of identifying rising water in heavy rain, moderate rain, and light rain during the flood season in the Dadu River Basin reached 100%, 93.18%, and 84.81%, respectively. Compared with the basic forecasting scheme that does not consider the identification of water rise conditions, the average relative error of runoff forecasting for different water rise modes is reduced by 0.45% to 6.81% for the classified water rise runoff forecasting scheme. The average relative errors of runoff forecasts with forecast periods of 1,5, and 10 d are 3.39%, 9.64%, 12.29%, respectively, and the Nash efficiency coefficients reach 0.99,0.95, and 0.91, respectively. This method has high forecast accuracy. Keywords: water rise identification; similarity forecast; runoff rolling forecast; Dadu River Basin 〖FL
2024,40(6):148-154 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.06.017
Abstract:
To address the problem of uncertainty of prediction factors and model complexity of traditional runoff prediction methods, prediction factors were selected based on feature importance analysis of monthly runoff time series, and the nonlinear relationship between runoff time series was captured by the mixed kernel function-support vector machine
To address the problem of uncertainty of prediction factors and model complexity of traditional runoff prediction methods, prediction factors were selected based on feature importance analysis of monthly runoff time series, and the nonlinear relationship between runoff time series was captured by the mixed kernel function-support vector machine
2024,40(6):155-164 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.06.018
Abstract:
In order to improve the accuracy of streamflow forecast, the ERRIS model was improved based on LSTM, and the ERRIS-LSTM model was constructed for real-time correction of streamflow forecast. The Yarlung Zangbo River and Jiao River basins were taken as examples for comparative analysis. The results showed that, compared with the ERRIS model, the ERRIS-LSTM model increased the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient by 4.1% and 1.1%, decreased the root mean squared error by 67.7% and 5.7% in streamflow forecast of the Yarlung Zangbo River and Jiao River basins, respectively. Especially for medium and low flows of the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, the values of percent bias of streamflow forecast obtained by the ERRIS-LSTM model were reduced by 75.5% and 79.1%, respectively, and the statistical indexes of low flow in the Jiao River Basin obtained by the ERRIS-LSTM model were improved by more than 20%. The ERRIS-LSTM model could fully capture the continuity of the error series, and the ensemble forecasts generated by the ERRIS-LSTM model were more accurate, less uncertain, and more reliable than those of the ERRIS model, with the continuous ranked probability score reduced by more than 75%. In comparison with the deterministic corrected results of the LSTM model, the ERRIS-LSTM model can provide additional uncertainty information, which is promising in operational forecasting and decision-making in flood control. Keywords: streamflow forecast; real-time correction; deep learning; ERRIS model; LSTM model; Yarlung Zangbo River Basin; Jiao River Basin 〖FL
In order to improve the accuracy of streamflow forecast, the ERRIS model was improved based on LSTM, and the ERRIS-LSTM model was constructed for real-time correction of streamflow forecast. The Yarlung Zangbo River and Jiao River basins were taken as examples for comparative analysis. The results showed that, compared with the ERRIS model, the ERRIS-LSTM model increased the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient by 4.1% and 1.1%, decreased the root mean squared error by 67.7% and 5.7% in streamflow forecast of the Yarlung Zangbo River and Jiao River basins, respectively. Especially for medium and low flows of the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, the values of percent bias of streamflow forecast obtained by the ERRIS-LSTM model were reduced by 75.5% and 79.1%, respectively, and the statistical indexes of low flow in the Jiao River Basin obtained by the ERRIS-LSTM model were improved by more than 20%. The ERRIS-LSTM model could fully capture the continuity of the error series, and the ensemble forecasts generated by the ERRIS-LSTM model were more accurate, less uncertain, and more reliable than those of the ERRIS model, with the continuous ranked probability score reduced by more than 75%. In comparison with the deterministic corrected results of the LSTM model, the ERRIS-LSTM model can provide additional uncertainty information, which is promising in operational forecasting and decision-making in flood control. Keywords: streamflow forecast; real-time correction; deep learning; ERRIS model; LSTM model; Yarlung Zangbo River Basin; Jiao River Basin 〖FL
2024,40(6):165-172 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.06.019
Abstract:
To address the shortcomings of Budyko hypothesis in its application to river basins with significant human interference, Budyko hypothesis was combined with water balance principle to quantify the contributions of changes in precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, underlying surface, and human water consumption to the observed runoff attenuation in the Xiliao River Basin and its three major tributary basins
To address the shortcomings of Budyko hypothesis in its application to river basins with significant human interference, Budyko hypothesis was combined with water balance principle to quantify the contributions of changes in precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, underlying surface, and human water consumption to the observed runoff attenuation in the Xiliao River Basin and its three major tributary basins
2024,40(6):173-180 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.06.020
Abstract:
In response to the issues of parameter calibration difficulties, susceptibility to local optima, and poor applicability in traditional hydrological models, a Bayesian optimization algorithm-based long short-term memory
In response to the issues of parameter calibration difficulties, susceptibility to local optima, and poor applicability in traditional hydrological models, a Bayesian optimization algorithm-based long short-term memory
2024,40(6):181-187, 197 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.06.021
Abstract:
To improve the rationality in river longitudinal connectivity evaluation, an enhanced barrier coefficient method was proposed based on the traditional barrier coefficient method, which takes into account the location and type of river blocking structures by introducing corresponding correction factors. The enhanced barrier coefficient method was used to assess the longitudinal connectivity for 215 major rivers across China, each with a watershed area exceeding 10 thousand km2. The results indicate that in 2020, the average longitudinal connectivity index of the evaluated rivers was 1.08, categorized as a poor level. Temporally, since 1960, the longitudinal connectivity of the major rivers has exhibited an accelerating trend of deterioration, with the most intense deterioration occurring after 2000. Spatially, the worst longitudinal connectivity occurred in the Southeast River Region, Pearl River Basin, and Yangtze River Basin, categorized as a very poor level, the Haihe River Basin and Liaohe River Basin were categorized as a poor level in the longitudinal connectivity, and the Songhuajiang River Basin was the sole area exhibiting the best connectivity. Keywords: water system connectivity; longitudinal connectivity; barrier coefficient method; hydraulic engineering; river health assessment 〖FL
To improve the rationality in river longitudinal connectivity evaluation, an enhanced barrier coefficient method was proposed based on the traditional barrier coefficient method, which takes into account the location and type of river blocking structures by introducing corresponding correction factors. The enhanced barrier coefficient method was used to assess the longitudinal connectivity for 215 major rivers across China, each with a watershed area exceeding 10 thousand km2. The results indicate that in 2020, the average longitudinal connectivity index of the evaluated rivers was 1.08, categorized as a poor level. Temporally, since 1960, the longitudinal connectivity of the major rivers has exhibited an accelerating trend of deterioration, with the most intense deterioration occurring after 2000. Spatially, the worst longitudinal connectivity occurred in the Southeast River Region, Pearl River Basin, and Yangtze River Basin, categorized as a very poor level, the Haihe River Basin and Liaohe River Basin were categorized as a poor level in the longitudinal connectivity, and the Songhuajiang River Basin was the sole area exhibiting the best connectivity. Keywords: water system connectivity; longitudinal connectivity; barrier coefficient method; hydraulic engineering; river health assessment 〖FL
2024,40(6):188-197 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.06.022
Abstract:
To address the mismatch between water demand of user groups and water transfer operation of hub groups in management of inter-basin water transfer projects, a “user-hub” group joint optimization and allocation model was developed, which balanced key operational indicators of hub projects in the water source region and multi-objective demands of users in the water-receiving region. In construction of the model, functional relationships among water resources, ecological environment, and socio-economic subsystems in the water-receiving area were quantified and nested in the water allocation model of the water supply subsystem, and multiple benefit objectives on water transfer, power generation, and energy consumption of the hub side were considered, so as to realize the optimal synchronization between water demand processes on the user side and water transfer processes on the hub side. The model was applied to the joint regulation simulation of the Hanjiang-to-Weihe Water Diversion Project in Shaanxi Province, and the results show that the joint optimization and allocation model enhances the overall operational efficiency of the inter-basin water transfer project, enabling flexible regulation of water demands and operational requirements of the “use-hub” group. Specifically, the water shortage rate of users is maintained at approximately 7%, with an increase of 3.6% in economic benefits. The reservoir group largely fulfills its water transfer tasks, achieving a total power generation of over 0.543 billion kW·h, with a reservoir vacancy rate maintained at around 8%, thereby reducing the risk of water shortages in the system. Keywords: inter-basin water transfer; joint allocation of water resources; multi-stage coupling model; Hanjiang-to-Weihe Water Transfer Project 〖FL
To address the mismatch between water demand of user groups and water transfer operation of hub groups in management of inter-basin water transfer projects, a “user-hub” group joint optimization and allocation model was developed, which balanced key operational indicators of hub projects in the water source region and multi-objective demands of users in the water-receiving region. In construction of the model, functional relationships among water resources, ecological environment, and socio-economic subsystems in the water-receiving area were quantified and nested in the water allocation model of the water supply subsystem, and multiple benefit objectives on water transfer, power generation, and energy consumption of the hub side were considered, so as to realize the optimal synchronization between water demand processes on the user side and water transfer processes on the hub side. The model was applied to the joint regulation simulation of the Hanjiang-to-Weihe Water Diversion Project in Shaanxi Province, and the results show that the joint optimization and allocation model enhances the overall operational efficiency of the inter-basin water transfer project, enabling flexible regulation of water demands and operational requirements of the “use-hub” group. Specifically, the water shortage rate of users is maintained at approximately 7%, with an increase of 3.6% in economic benefits. The reservoir group largely fulfills its water transfer tasks, achieving a total power generation of over 0.543 billion kW·h, with a reservoir vacancy rate maintained at around 8%, thereby reducing the risk of water shortages in the system. Keywords: inter-basin water transfer; joint allocation of water resources; multi-stage coupling model; Hanjiang-to-Weihe Water Transfer Project 〖FL
2024,40(6):198-205 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.06.023
Abstract:
To understand the output characteristics of non-point source pollution in the irrigation area during the paddy growth period and its impact on the water quality of downstream control sections, a typical paddy irrigation district in southern China was selected as the research object, and a numerical model for simulation of non-point source pollution processes in the field, gully, pond, and control section was constructed based on the SWAT model. The model was used to quantitatively analyze the dynamic response of water quality at the control section under 9 pollution control schemes throughout the entire paddy growth period. The results showed that retreated water and nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants were discharged in a pulsed manner, and the peak of non-point source pollution in paddy field occurred in the first half of paddy growth period, including the transplant regreening stage, tillering stage, and jointing booting stage. Measures of controlled irrigation, ecological engineering, and controlled drainage had good effects on reducing nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in the first half of paddy growth period, and the reduction effect was significantly improved after the implementation of comprehensive measures, with the reduction rates of TN and TP exceeding 90% during the whole paddy growth period. The effects of single measures on water quality improvement were limited, and fertilization management led to more pulsatile TN mass concentration peaks at the tillering stage. Comprehensive measures could significantly improve the water quality compliance rate, especially, the combined measure of fertilization management, controlled drainage, and ecological engineering and the combined measure of controlled irrigation, fertilization management, controlled drainage, and ecological engineering could ensure the TN and TP mass concentrations to reach the water quality standard. Keywords: paddy irrigation district; non-point source pollution; whole paddy growth period; control cross-section; SWAT model 〖FL
To understand the output characteristics of non-point source pollution in the irrigation area during the paddy growth period and its impact on the water quality of downstream control sections, a typical paddy irrigation district in southern China was selected as the research object, and a numerical model for simulation of non-point source pollution processes in the field, gully, pond, and control section was constructed based on the SWAT model. The model was used to quantitatively analyze the dynamic response of water quality at the control section under 9 pollution control schemes throughout the entire paddy growth period. The results showed that retreated water and nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants were discharged in a pulsed manner, and the peak of non-point source pollution in paddy field occurred in the first half of paddy growth period, including the transplant regreening stage, tillering stage, and jointing booting stage. Measures of controlled irrigation, ecological engineering, and controlled drainage had good effects on reducing nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in the first half of paddy growth period, and the reduction effect was significantly improved after the implementation of comprehensive measures, with the reduction rates of TN and TP exceeding 90% during the whole paddy growth period. The effects of single measures on water quality improvement were limited, and fertilization management led to more pulsatile TN mass concentration peaks at the tillering stage. Comprehensive measures could significantly improve the water quality compliance rate, especially, the combined measure of fertilization management, controlled drainage, and ecological engineering and the combined measure of controlled irrigation, fertilization management, controlled drainage, and ecological engineering could ensure the TN and TP mass concentrations to reach the water quality standard. Keywords: paddy irrigation district; non-point source pollution; whole paddy growth period; control cross-section; SWAT model 〖FL
2024,40(6):206-214 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.06.024
Abstract:
Based on the data of total nitrogen
Based on the data of total nitrogen
2024,40(6):215-223, 250 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.06.025
Abstract:
Research achievements on watershed water ecological environment compensation in China and abroad are reviewed from three aspects, including compensation mechanism, control threshold, and standard and value. The watershed compensation issue needs to break through the limitations of single control factors related to water quantity or quality, balance both water pollution and water ecology, and establish a framework of watershed water ecological environment compensation mechanism under joint control of water quality and quantity thresholds. The compensation standards should be formulated based on attribute superposition and connotation extension of practical significance, economic value, and ecological benefits. It is proposed that future research should explore compensation thresholds for point and non-point source pollution-induced riverine environmental damage, ecological water quantity compensation thresholds considering ecosystem service functions of rivers, water quality and quantity interaction mechanism, and multi-model compensation strategies under dual control evolutionary games. Keywords: water ecological environment compensation; compensation mechanism; compensation control threshold; compensation standard; compensation value 〖FL
Research achievements on watershed water ecological environment compensation in China and abroad are reviewed from three aspects, including compensation mechanism, control threshold, and standard and value. The watershed compensation issue needs to break through the limitations of single control factors related to water quantity or quality, balance both water pollution and water ecology, and establish a framework of watershed water ecological environment compensation mechanism under joint control of water quality and quantity thresholds. The compensation standards should be formulated based on attribute superposition and connotation extension of practical significance, economic value, and ecological benefits. It is proposed that future research should explore compensation thresholds for point and non-point source pollution-induced riverine environmental damage, ecological water quantity compensation thresholds considering ecosystem service functions of rivers, water quality and quantity interaction mechanism, and multi-model compensation strategies under dual control evolutionary games. Keywords: water ecological environment compensation; compensation mechanism; compensation control threshold; compensation standard; compensation value 〖FL
2024,40(6):224-232 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.06.026
Abstract:
This study systematically investigated the dynamic variations of nitrogen contamination in coastal aquifers, focusing on the land reclamation area of Qingdao Happy Sea Town. Based on improved and refined nitrogen reaction kinetic equations, a reactive solute transport model under variable density conditions was developed. The model was used to quantitatively analyze the impacts of reclamation length and permeability of reclamation aquifers on the migration and transformation of nitrogen in groundwater. The results indicated that reclamation intensified nitrate pollution in groundwater. The mass concentration of NH+4-N gradually increased, with NH+4-N accumulating in a small range at the bottom of the initial aquifer, and its mass concentration could reach three times of the drinking water standard. As the reclamation length increased, the distribution range of NO-3-N and NH+4-N expanded. In the initial aquifer, the average mass concentration of NO-3-N and its increase amplitude rose continuously, and the average mass concentration of NH+4-N exhibited a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. When the permeability of reclamation aquifer was higher than that of the initial aquifer, the permeability of reclamation material had little effect on the average mass concentrations of NO-3-N and NH+4-N in the initial aquifer under steady state condition. However, when the permeability of reclamation aquifer was lower than that of the initial aquifer, the average mass concentration of NO-3-N in the initial aquifer increased significantly, while the average mass concentration of NH+4-N decreased significantly. Keywords: land reclamation; nitrogen pollution; dynamic characteristics; coastal aquifer 〖FL
This study systematically investigated the dynamic variations of nitrogen contamination in coastal aquifers, focusing on the land reclamation area of Qingdao Happy Sea Town. Based on improved and refined nitrogen reaction kinetic equations, a reactive solute transport model under variable density conditions was developed. The model was used to quantitatively analyze the impacts of reclamation length and permeability of reclamation aquifers on the migration and transformation of nitrogen in groundwater. The results indicated that reclamation intensified nitrate pollution in groundwater. The mass concentration of NH+4-N gradually increased, with NH+4-N accumulating in a small range at the bottom of the initial aquifer, and its mass concentration could reach three times of the drinking water standard. As the reclamation length increased, the distribution range of NO-3-N and NH+4-N expanded. In the initial aquifer, the average mass concentration of NO-3-N and its increase amplitude rose continuously, and the average mass concentration of NH+4-N exhibited a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. When the permeability of reclamation aquifer was higher than that of the initial aquifer, the permeability of reclamation material had little effect on the average mass concentrations of NO-3-N and NH+4-N in the initial aquifer under steady state condition. However, when the permeability of reclamation aquifer was lower than that of the initial aquifer, the average mass concentration of NO-3-N in the initial aquifer increased significantly, while the average mass concentration of NH+4-N decreased significantly. Keywords: land reclamation; nitrogen pollution; dynamic characteristics; coastal aquifer 〖FL
2024,40(6):233-241 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.06.027
Abstract:
To investigate the impact of hydropower development on the gross river ecosystem product, an accounting index system of gross river ecosystem product under hydropower development was constructed. With the Lancang River and Nu River used as typical rivers with and without hydropower development, the gross river ecosystem products of the rivers in 2016 and 2021 were calculated, and a comparative analysis was performed. The results showed that, with the price of 2021 used as the constant price, the gross river ecosystem product of the Lancang River increased from 116.561 billion RMB to 126.422 billion RMB during 2016 to 2021, and that of the Nu River increased from 38.553 billion RMB to 39.424 billion RMB. The regulation service value always contributed the most to the gross river ecosystem product. Hydropower development increased the values of hydropower energy and flood regulation of rivers, but reduced the values of sediment transport, habitat diversity, and carbon sequestration. Hydropower development significantly increased the gross river ecosystem product at a rate of 87 million RMB per year on average, promoting the value realization of river ecosystem products and producing significant social and economic benefits. Keywords: gross river ecosystem product; value of ecological products; hydropower development; Lancang River; Nu River 〖FL
To investigate the impact of hydropower development on the gross river ecosystem product, an accounting index system of gross river ecosystem product under hydropower development was constructed. With the Lancang River and Nu River used as typical rivers with and without hydropower development, the gross river ecosystem products of the rivers in 2016 and 2021 were calculated, and a comparative analysis was performed. The results showed that, with the price of 2021 used as the constant price, the gross river ecosystem product of the Lancang River increased from 116.561 billion RMB to 126.422 billion RMB during 2016 to 2021, and that of the Nu River increased from 38.553 billion RMB to 39.424 billion RMB. The regulation service value always contributed the most to the gross river ecosystem product. Hydropower development increased the values of hydropower energy and flood regulation of rivers, but reduced the values of sediment transport, habitat diversity, and carbon sequestration. Hydropower development significantly increased the gross river ecosystem product at a rate of 87 million RMB per year on average, promoting the value realization of river ecosystem products and producing significant social and economic benefits. Keywords: gross river ecosystem product; value of ecological products; hydropower development; Lancang River; Nu River 〖FL
2024,40(6):242-250 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2024.06.028
Abstract:
To clarify the transformation mechanism of dissolved organic nitrogen
To clarify the transformation mechanism of dissolved organic nitrogen
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2020,36(1):1-8, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.01.001
Abstract:
The biorentention facility for sponge city construction is a typical ecological technology suitable for decentralized rainwater treatment and utilization. However, at present, there are still some problems restricting its operational efficiency and service life. The key technologies and research progresses of bioretention facilities in sponge city construction are reviewed. It is pointed out that the development of high efficiency purifying filler, the establishment of pollutant migration and transformation model, the optimization of design parameters, the risk assessment of organic micro-pollutants accumulation and the construction of remediation technology will become the hot spot in the future research of bioretention facilities for sponge city construction.
The biorentention facility for sponge city construction is a typical ecological technology suitable for decentralized rainwater treatment and utilization. However, at present, there are still some problems restricting its operational efficiency and service life. The key technologies and research progresses of bioretention facilities in sponge city construction are reviewed. It is pointed out that the development of high efficiency purifying filler, the establishment of pollutant migration and transformation model, the optimization of design parameters, the risk assessment of organic micro-pollutants accumulation and the construction of remediation technology will become the hot spot in the future research of bioretention facilities for sponge city construction.
2020,36(4):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.04.001
Abstract:
Based on the analysis of the existing methods of on-line discharge monitoring of hydrometry stations, this paper summarizes the latest research progress of velocity-area method and hydraulic method in on-line discharge monitoring. Cross section discharge was calculated based on local flow velocity, and the on-line discharge monitoring method based on velocity-area method is divided into three categories: index-velocity method, velocity distribution model method and surface velocity method. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of H-ADCP method, V-ADCP method, two-line energy slope method, radar method, particle image method, water measuring building method and hydraulic building method, and points out that further research will be carried out in improving online discharge monitoring accuracy, improving stability and promoting application.
Based on the analysis of the existing methods of on-line discharge monitoring of hydrometry stations, this paper summarizes the latest research progress of velocity-area method and hydraulic method in on-line discharge monitoring. Cross section discharge was calculated based on local flow velocity, and the on-line discharge monitoring method based on velocity-area method is divided into three categories: index-velocity method, velocity distribution model method and surface velocity method. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of H-ADCP method, V-ADCP method, two-line energy slope method, radar method, particle image method, water measuring building method and hydraulic building method, and points out that further research will be carried out in improving online discharge monitoring accuracy, improving stability and promoting application.
2020,36(3):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.03.001
Abstract:
In the past century, great achievements have been made in global water management, which has provided key supports for sustainable development. However, the global water problems keep increasing, it is urgent to further improve water management modes. Based on the development history of water problems, this paper explored the causes of water problems, and analyzed the shortcomings of global water management modes from the aspects of objectives, overall framework, and technical approaches: in the current global water management modes, the natural properties of water cycle and its multi-processes have not been fully integrated, and there exists serious problems such as end-disposal and process-dissociation. The development suggestions for the future water control mode are put forward: from the perspective of coupling multi process mutual feed mechanism of basin water cycle, we should enhance the role of natural attributes and natural forces, and coordinate the function of multi-elements and multi-processes, building a Nature Enriched and Attributes Coordinated Watershed to manage the complex water problems systematically.
In the past century, great achievements have been made in global water management, which has provided key supports for sustainable development. However, the global water problems keep increasing, it is urgent to further improve water management modes. Based on the development history of water problems, this paper explored the causes of water problems, and analyzed the shortcomings of global water management modes from the aspects of objectives, overall framework, and technical approaches: in the current global water management modes, the natural properties of water cycle and its multi-processes have not been fully integrated, and there exists serious problems such as end-disposal and process-dissociation. The development suggestions for the future water control mode are put forward: from the perspective of coupling multi process mutual feed mechanism of basin water cycle, we should enhance the role of natural attributes and natural forces, and coordinate the function of multi-elements and multi-processes, building a Nature Enriched and Attributes Coordinated Watershed to manage the complex water problems systematically.
2019,35(1):1-5, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2019.01.001
Abstract:
Based on the analysis of the development process of comprehensive watershed management the basic concept of comprehensive watershed management is put forward, and a multi-dimensional nested theoretical framework of comprehensive watershed management system is constructed, including five dimensions of time, space, factor, process and regulation. Three key technical systems of comprehensive watershed management such as mechanism identification technology system, quantitative simulation technology system and optimization decision-making technology system are proposed, providing scientific support for the practices of comprehensive watershed management in China.
Based on the analysis of the development process of comprehensive watershed management the basic concept of comprehensive watershed management is put forward, and a multi-dimensional nested theoretical framework of comprehensive watershed management system is constructed, including five dimensions of time, space, factor, process and regulation. Three key technical systems of comprehensive watershed management such as mechanism identification technology system, quantitative simulation technology system and optimization decision-making technology system are proposed, providing scientific support for the practices of comprehensive watershed management in China.
2020,36(2):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.02.001
Abstract:
In view of the nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin, an evaluation index system covering three criteria layers such as water resources, ecological environment and economic and society is constructed. The water resources carrying capacity of nine provinces in 2002, 2007, 2012 and 2017 was evaluated by the TOPSIS model combined with analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and entropy weight, and the evaluation results of the year of 2017 were diagnosed with obstacle factors. The results show that in the time dimension, the water resources carrying capacity of nine provinces shows an increasing trend, especially in Henan, Shandong and Inner Mongolia, and the improvement of water resources carrying capacity is closely related to the improvement of two criteria level related indicators such as eco-environment, economic society. In the spatial dimension, the water resources carrying capacity of the nine provinces does not reach the level of grade I(carriable level), and the spatial difference is obvious. Water production module, water resources per capita, water supply modulus, ecological water use rate, vegetation coverage rate, water consumption per 10 000 RMB of industrial added value and water consumption per 10 000 RMB of GDP are seven major obstacles, and there are significant differences of some obstacle factors in different provinces.
In view of the nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin, an evaluation index system covering three criteria layers such as water resources, ecological environment and economic and society is constructed. The water resources carrying capacity of nine provinces in 2002, 2007, 2012 and 2017 was evaluated by the TOPSIS model combined with analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and entropy weight, and the evaluation results of the year of 2017 were diagnosed with obstacle factors. The results show that in the time dimension, the water resources carrying capacity of nine provinces shows an increasing trend, especially in Henan, Shandong and Inner Mongolia, and the improvement of water resources carrying capacity is closely related to the improvement of two criteria level related indicators such as eco-environment, economic society. In the spatial dimension, the water resources carrying capacity of the nine provinces does not reach the level of grade I(carriable level), and the spatial difference is obvious. Water production module, water resources per capita, water supply modulus, ecological water use rate, vegetation coverage rate, water consumption per 10 000 RMB of industrial added value and water consumption per 10 000 RMB of GDP are seven major obstacles, and there are significant differences of some obstacle factors in different provinces.
2021,37(1):1-6, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2021.01.001
Abstract:
In order to quantitatively analyze and evaluate the spatial balance and spatial difference of water resources, the combined method of connection number and coupling coordination degree was used to evaluate the spatial balance of regional water resources. Considering the composite relationship of water resources, economic society and ecological environment, an evaluation index system for spatial balance of water resources composed of two systems of water resources carrying capcity and bearing pressure and 15 evaluation indexes was established. The weight of evaluation index was calculated by fuzzy analytic hierarchy process based on accelerating genetic algorithm, and a spatial balance evaluation method of water resources based on connection number and coupling coordination degree was proposed. Taking Anhui Province as an example, the results show that the evaluation method is reasonable when applied to the evaluation of water resources spatial balance, which can make up for the defect that the traditional coupling coordination degree can not reflect the uncertainty problem, and accurately reflect the coordination between systems and the overall development level.
In order to quantitatively analyze and evaluate the spatial balance and spatial difference of water resources, the combined method of connection number and coupling coordination degree was used to evaluate the spatial balance of regional water resources. Considering the composite relationship of water resources, economic society and ecological environment, an evaluation index system for spatial balance of water resources composed of two systems of water resources carrying capcity and bearing pressure and 15 evaluation indexes was established. The weight of evaluation index was calculated by fuzzy analytic hierarchy process based on accelerating genetic algorithm, and a spatial balance evaluation method of water resources based on connection number and coupling coordination degree was proposed. Taking Anhui Province as an example, the results show that the evaluation method is reasonable when applied to the evaluation of water resources spatial balance, which can make up for the defect that the traditional coupling coordination degree can not reflect the uncertainty problem, and accurately reflect the coordination between systems and the overall development level.
2019,35(4):1-8, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2019.04.001
Abstract:
This paper briefly described the surface water environment numerical models, including the development history, the application status, and the latest research results at home and abroad of hydrodynamic models, water quality models and water ecological models. Both methods of analyzing model sensitivity and uncertainty and problems of model precision were emphatically expounded. It is pointed out that the systematization, integration and platform construction of the model, the combination of innovation with emerging technologies supported by large data, and the related management issues such as model synthesis and regulation will become the future research hotspots in the field of water environment simulation and prediction.
This paper briefly described the surface water environment numerical models, including the development history, the application status, and the latest research results at home and abroad of hydrodynamic models, water quality models and water ecological models. Both methods of analyzing model sensitivity and uncertainty and problems of model precision were emphatically expounded. It is pointed out that the systematization, integration and platform construction of the model, the combination of innovation with emerging technologies supported by large data, and the related management issues such as model synthesis and regulation will become the future research hotspots in the field of water environment simulation and prediction.
2015,31(6):76-80, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2015.06.012
Abstract:
The pollution capacity of 4 493 national key water function zones has been checked. Taking water quality status, pollution capacity and present pollution loads entering water body into consideration, the principles for the limitation of discharged pollution are put forward. The aimed results of the pollution control during 2020 and 2030 are as follow: COD will be 5. 852 million t/a and NH3-N will be 0. 526 million t/a in 2020 level year, COD will be 5. 430 million t /a and NH3-N will be 0. 465 million t /a in 2030 level year. The results of the pollution control in each province are analyzed, which show that the annual limitation of total amount of pollution discharged in most provinces is gradually decreasing, which is consistent with the increasing of water quality compliance rate. According to the pollution control scheme, the measures for enhancing management of the limitation of discharged pollution are proposed, including accelerate the construction of monitoring water resources, strengthen the supervision and administration of water function zones, strictly control the pollution loads entering water body, increase investment in water conservation, improve the system of policies and regulations, strengthen the propaganda and education and improve the mechanism of public participation.
The pollution capacity of 4 493 national key water function zones has been checked. Taking water quality status, pollution capacity and present pollution loads entering water body into consideration, the principles for the limitation of discharged pollution are put forward. The aimed results of the pollution control during 2020 and 2030 are as follow: COD will be 5. 852 million t/a and NH3-N will be 0. 526 million t/a in 2020 level year, COD will be 5. 430 million t /a and NH3-N will be 0. 465 million t /a in 2030 level year. The results of the pollution control in each province are analyzed, which show that the annual limitation of total amount of pollution discharged in most provinces is gradually decreasing, which is consistent with the increasing of water quality compliance rate. According to the pollution control scheme, the measures for enhancing management of the limitation of discharged pollution are proposed, including accelerate the construction of monitoring water resources, strengthen the supervision and administration of water function zones, strictly control the pollution loads entering water body, increase investment in water conservation, improve the system of policies and regulations, strengthen the propaganda and education and improve the mechanism of public participation.
2020,36(4):40-46, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.04.007
Abstract:
Water samples were collected and analyzed respectively at nine sampling sites along Zhengzhou section of Jialu River in July(water diversion time)and in September(no water diversion time), and then comprehensive water quality identification index method and factor analysis were applied for the evaluation of water quality and apportionment of pollution sources respectively. The results showed that the comprehensive water quality of the upper reaches of the Zhengzhou section of the Jialu River was of level II or III, the water quality of the mid-stream Lakes was classified as IV level, and the downstream water quality was classified as IV to worse than V level; the water quality of Suoxu River and Qili River were worse than V level, worse than V level and black smelly water, respectively. Water diversion from Yellow River to the Jialu river through Yangqiao main canal can only change the water quality of the nearest receiving area temporarily, with no obvious impact on the water quality of Zhengzhou section. Two factors can explain the information of 5 water quality indicators. In the lower reaches of the main stream and the tributaries, the representative indices TN, TP, NH+4-N of the first pollution factor are mainly related to the drainage of the municipal sewage treatment, while the representative indexes of the second pollution factor, CODCr and CODMn, are mainly related to the untreated sewage. The pollution of upper and middle reaches of the Jialu River are mainly non-point source pollution and endogenous pollution.
Water samples were collected and analyzed respectively at nine sampling sites along Zhengzhou section of Jialu River in July(water diversion time)and in September(no water diversion time), and then comprehensive water quality identification index method and factor analysis were applied for the evaluation of water quality and apportionment of pollution sources respectively. The results showed that the comprehensive water quality of the upper reaches of the Zhengzhou section of the Jialu River was of level II or III, the water quality of the mid-stream Lakes was classified as IV level, and the downstream water quality was classified as IV to worse than V level; the water quality of Suoxu River and Qili River were worse than V level, worse than V level and black smelly water, respectively. Water diversion from Yellow River to the Jialu river through Yangqiao main canal can only change the water quality of the nearest receiving area temporarily, with no obvious impact on the water quality of Zhengzhou section. Two factors can explain the information of 5 water quality indicators. In the lower reaches of the main stream and the tributaries, the representative indices TN, TP, NH+4-N of the first pollution factor are mainly related to the drainage of the municipal sewage treatment, while the representative indexes of the second pollution factor, CODCr and CODMn, are mainly related to the untreated sewage. The pollution of upper and middle reaches of the Jialu River are mainly non-point source pollution and endogenous pollution.
2015,31(6):8-17, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2015.06.002
Abstract:
The research progress of ground water deep circulation was summarized. In the inner flow area of Tibet Plateau, the water resources present a huge imbalance, lakes and rivers have a strong leakage. The annual leakage of water is estimated to exceed 1 012 m3. Meanwhile, the groundwater in northern China is also showing a great imbalance. The volcano or rift valley areas, where the precipitation is very small, have a large number of springs gushing out into the rivers and lakes. Rivers and lakes in Inner Mongolia Plateau and Northeast China are beaded distribution in the north-east direction. By analyzing the groundwater supply source of Tianchi Lake in Changbai Mountains, it is determined that the main source of groundwater is from outside regions. The only area which can meet the altitude, isotope signature and others features like leakage at the same time is the inner flow area of Tibet plateau. Isotope signature of strontium and helium of groundwater in Northern China reveal the water rock interaction occurring between the deep-circle groundwater and mantle basalt. The high-conductivity and low-velocity layer in Baikal and Shanxi Rift Valley may be deep-circle groundwater pathways, wherein the basalt porous is conveyance structure. Deep-circle groundwater flowed out from the volcano and rift valley areas, springing water flowed into rivers and lakes. The geothermal gradient in the river source region is lower than the normal value. The leakage water of inner flow area of Tibet Plateau through the deep circulation transport to Inner Mongolia Plateau, Ordos, Alashan, North China Plain, Northeast China Plain, Lake Baikal, the East China Sea, South China Sea, etc. The age of groundwater is increasing, from west to east, generally between 20~40 a.
The research progress of ground water deep circulation was summarized. In the inner flow area of Tibet Plateau, the water resources present a huge imbalance, lakes and rivers have a strong leakage. The annual leakage of water is estimated to exceed 1 012 m3. Meanwhile, the groundwater in northern China is also showing a great imbalance. The volcano or rift valley areas, where the precipitation is very small, have a large number of springs gushing out into the rivers and lakes. Rivers and lakes in Inner Mongolia Plateau and Northeast China are beaded distribution in the north-east direction. By analyzing the groundwater supply source of Tianchi Lake in Changbai Mountains, it is determined that the main source of groundwater is from outside regions. The only area which can meet the altitude, isotope signature and others features like leakage at the same time is the inner flow area of Tibet plateau. Isotope signature of strontium and helium of groundwater in Northern China reveal the water rock interaction occurring between the deep-circle groundwater and mantle basalt. The high-conductivity and low-velocity layer in Baikal and Shanxi Rift Valley may be deep-circle groundwater pathways, wherein the basalt porous is conveyance structure. Deep-circle groundwater flowed out from the volcano and rift valley areas, springing water flowed into rivers and lakes. The geothermal gradient in the river source region is lower than the normal value. The leakage water of inner flow area of Tibet Plateau through the deep circulation transport to Inner Mongolia Plateau, Ordos, Alashan, North China Plain, Northeast China Plain, Lake Baikal, the East China Sea, South China Sea, etc. The age of groundwater is increasing, from west to east, generally between 20~40 a.
2015,31(2):7-14, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2015.02.002
Abstract:
Based on the drought monitoring theory and daily precipitation data covering the period of 1961 2010 in Xinjiang, we compared and analyzed the effectiveness and practicability of the effective drought index (EDI) and standardized precipitation indexes (SPI) based on different time scale (1 , 3 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 24 month). The result shows that EDI is more superior to SPI no matter for short term drought or long term drought. SPI of short term scale is greatly influenced by short duration precipitation, which obviously reflects the variation of drought and flood in short period in Xinjiang. With the expanding of time scale, SPI gradually loses its feedback from short duration precipitation. However, it can still reflect the obvious trend of drought and flood over the long term scale. Like SPI, EDI can also reflect the influence caused by short term drought and recent precipitation. Moreover, with the time passing by, EDI is able to give different weight to everyday precipitation considering the influence to the current drought statues caused by former precipitation. Relevant researches can provide significant theoretical basis to the drought monitoring in humid and some other climatic zones.
Based on the drought monitoring theory and daily precipitation data covering the period of 1961 2010 in Xinjiang, we compared and analyzed the effectiveness and practicability of the effective drought index (EDI) and standardized precipitation indexes (SPI) based on different time scale (1 , 3 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 24 month). The result shows that EDI is more superior to SPI no matter for short term drought or long term drought. SPI of short term scale is greatly influenced by short duration precipitation, which obviously reflects the variation of drought and flood in short period in Xinjiang. With the expanding of time scale, SPI gradually loses its feedback from short duration precipitation. However, it can still reflect the obvious trend of drought and flood over the long term scale. Like SPI, EDI can also reflect the influence caused by short term drought and recent precipitation. Moreover, with the time passing by, EDI is able to give different weight to everyday precipitation considering the influence to the current drought statues caused by former precipitation. Relevant researches can provide significant theoretical basis to the drought monitoring in humid and some other climatic zones.
2019,35(2):1-12, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2019.02.001
Abstract:
According to in-situ data analysis, the causes of eco-problem in hydro-environmental variation in recent year in Poyang Lake in the lower Yangtze River, and the effect of awidely concerned sluice gate at its outlet are discussed. It is revealed that 1)the ahead of time dry-up after flood seasons is mainly due to the reservoirs impoundment in the upper reach of the Yangtze River, that changed the runoff regime and caused an ahead-seasonal drying in water level for 2-4 m all the way along the Yangtze; 2)massive sand-mining in the outlet channel of Poyang Lake has destructed the natural hydraulic mechanism that elevated the pool in dry seasons, causing a 2 m lowering from February to march at Duchang; 3)retention of reservoirs in the Poyang basin and the general loweredsummer pool in Poyang lake also diminish the after-flood discharge of the lake(August to October), exacerbating the extreme drying especially for the lakes delta regions after season. A sluice gate at the lakes outlet can hold-up and even elevate the lakes pool, but it can also obstruct the migration of fishes for about half-year and impact the habitat and food sources for migratory birds and the water quality of the lake as it becomes an artificial impoundment from riverine regime by the gate in dry seasons. It is also worth worrying about more possible problems for the Yangtze ecosystem as a whole in habitat diversity from the gates, as dams will be thoroughly partitioned in addition to the Three Gorges dam, with more negative effect on fluvial morphology, water level in dry seasons, tidal limits and salt water intrusion. Finally, five countermeasures for comprehensive restoration of both the Yangtze and the Poyang Lake were proposed.
According to in-situ data analysis, the causes of eco-problem in hydro-environmental variation in recent year in Poyang Lake in the lower Yangtze River, and the effect of awidely concerned sluice gate at its outlet are discussed. It is revealed that 1)the ahead of time dry-up after flood seasons is mainly due to the reservoirs impoundment in the upper reach of the Yangtze River, that changed the runoff regime and caused an ahead-seasonal drying in water level for 2-4 m all the way along the Yangtze; 2)massive sand-mining in the outlet channel of Poyang Lake has destructed the natural hydraulic mechanism that elevated the pool in dry seasons, causing a 2 m lowering from February to march at Duchang; 3)retention of reservoirs in the Poyang basin and the general loweredsummer pool in Poyang lake also diminish the after-flood discharge of the lake(August to October), exacerbating the extreme drying especially for the lakes delta regions after season. A sluice gate at the lakes outlet can hold-up and even elevate the lakes pool, but it can also obstruct the migration of fishes for about half-year and impact the habitat and food sources for migratory birds and the water quality of the lake as it becomes an artificial impoundment from riverine regime by the gate in dry seasons. It is also worth worrying about more possible problems for the Yangtze ecosystem as a whole in habitat diversity from the gates, as dams will be thoroughly partitioned in addition to the Three Gorges dam, with more negative effect on fluvial morphology, water level in dry seasons, tidal limits and salt water intrusion. Finally, five countermeasures for comprehensive restoration of both the Yangtze and the Poyang Lake were proposed.
2017,33(1):1-8, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2017.01.001
Abstract:
Based on a review of the problems and challenges of sponge city construction in China, the concept and methodology of an urban water system integrating urban rainstorm-runoff, water pollution control, and an urban ecological greenbelt with wetland and municipal construction(drainage and sewage)are proposed. Based on hydrological theories, the concept of the control rate of total annual runoff, which is the most critical and difficult-to-quantify factor in the construction of a sponge city, is analyzed. It is pointed out that the currently calculated control rate of total annual runoff is actually the control rate of total annual precipitation. Hence, it is necessary to establish an internal relation with the gain factor of the response of the hydrological system, i. e. , the runoff coefficient. It also needs to be noted that the runoff coefficient is not a constant, but the time-varying nonlinearity of the combination of soil moisture, precipitation intensity, and the underlying surface. Additionally, the relationship between low impact development(LID)during sponge city construction and the improved control rate of total annual runoff are analyzed, in order to examine the conditions and risks of sea views in cities. Finally, it is suggested that the runoff coefficient nonlinearity, the differences in storage capacity between natural conditions and the conditions after urbanization, river and lake water system storage and land evapotranspiration, basin sponge regulation and control, and risk management should be strengthened on the hydrological basis of sponge city construction and planning. Some suggestions for future sponge city construction in China are put forward.
Based on a review of the problems and challenges of sponge city construction in China, the concept and methodology of an urban water system integrating urban rainstorm-runoff, water pollution control, and an urban ecological greenbelt with wetland and municipal construction(drainage and sewage)are proposed. Based on hydrological theories, the concept of the control rate of total annual runoff, which is the most critical and difficult-to-quantify factor in the construction of a sponge city, is analyzed. It is pointed out that the currently calculated control rate of total annual runoff is actually the control rate of total annual precipitation. Hence, it is necessary to establish an internal relation with the gain factor of the response of the hydrological system, i. e. , the runoff coefficient. It also needs to be noted that the runoff coefficient is not a constant, but the time-varying nonlinearity of the combination of soil moisture, precipitation intensity, and the underlying surface. Additionally, the relationship between low impact development(LID)during sponge city construction and the improved control rate of total annual runoff are analyzed, in order to examine the conditions and risks of sea views in cities. Finally, it is suggested that the runoff coefficient nonlinearity, the differences in storage capacity between natural conditions and the conditions after urbanization, river and lake water system storage and land evapotranspiration, basin sponge regulation and control, and risk management should be strengthened on the hydrological basis of sponge city construction and planning. Some suggestions for future sponge city construction in China are put forward.
2020,36(1):31-37, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.01.005
Abstract:
Based on the 30 m×30 m resolution Landsat remote sensing data, the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of vegetation coverage in Chabagou Watershed from 1987 to 2018 were analyzed, and the soil surface erosion level map of the watershed was generated to analyze its impact on runoff generation and sediment yield in the watershed. The results show that the vegetation coverage of Chabagou Watershed was increasing rapidly, from 24. 7% in 1987 to 53. 1% in 2018. The composition of vegetation coverage in the watershed had changed a lot. Since 2002, the proportion of medium and high coverage areas increased significantly, and the growth was mainly concentrated in hilly and gully areas. With the increase of vegetation coverage in the watershed, the runoff generation and sediment yield decreased, and the surface erosion decreased. The impact of vegetation on sediment yield was greater than that on runoff generation.
Based on the 30 m×30 m resolution Landsat remote sensing data, the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of vegetation coverage in Chabagou Watershed from 1987 to 2018 were analyzed, and the soil surface erosion level map of the watershed was generated to analyze its impact on runoff generation and sediment yield in the watershed. The results show that the vegetation coverage of Chabagou Watershed was increasing rapidly, from 24. 7% in 1987 to 53. 1% in 2018. The composition of vegetation coverage in the watershed had changed a lot. Since 2002, the proportion of medium and high coverage areas increased significantly, and the growth was mainly concentrated in hilly and gully areas. With the increase of vegetation coverage in the watershed, the runoff generation and sediment yield decreased, and the surface erosion decreased. The impact of vegetation on sediment yield was greater than that on runoff generation.
2020,36(3):46-51, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.03.009
Abstract:
In order to acquaint with the current status of surface water environment in Central European countries along the “Belt and Road”, the data of surface water pollutants in Central European countries in recent years were summarized, and the pollution status of surface water environment was analyzed. The results show that the levels of conventional pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals in four river basins such as Vistula River basin show a downward trend since the 1970s. However, further treatment route was still needed to remove the pollutants. At present, the levels of emerging pollutants such as antibiotics in each river basin were increasing, which was mainly resulted from the urban sewage discharge. In the future, different types of pollutants should be treated according to their specific sources, while the cooperation between nations on water pollutants treatment should be strengthened to promote the quality of water environment in Central European countries, promoting the economic and social development of countries along the “Belt and Road”.
In order to acquaint with the current status of surface water environment in Central European countries along the “Belt and Road”, the data of surface water pollutants in Central European countries in recent years were summarized, and the pollution status of surface water environment was analyzed. The results show that the levels of conventional pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals in four river basins such as Vistula River basin show a downward trend since the 1970s. However, further treatment route was still needed to remove the pollutants. At present, the levels of emerging pollutants such as antibiotics in each river basin were increasing, which was mainly resulted from the urban sewage discharge. In the future, different types of pollutants should be treated according to their specific sources, while the cooperation between nations on water pollutants treatment should be strengthened to promote the quality of water environment in Central European countries, promoting the economic and social development of countries along the “Belt and Road”.
2015,31(1):22-29, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2015.01.004
Abstract:
Measures taken in various stages of river regulation in Japan were thoroughly reviewed and interpreted. The “multi natural river” regulation project in Japan was especially summarized and analyzed, making the river regulation ideas and technical measures of different stages clear. The purpose of this paper is to provide references of ideas and technical method about how to combine water conservancy project construction with ecological restoration and water quality improvement for Chinese river regulation.
Measures taken in various stages of river regulation in Japan were thoroughly reviewed and interpreted. The “multi natural river” regulation project in Japan was especially summarized and analyzed, making the river regulation ideas and technical measures of different stages clear. The purpose of this paper is to provide references of ideas and technical method about how to combine water conservancy project construction with ecological restoration and water quality improvement for Chinese river regulation.
2015,31(1):41-47, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2015.01.007
Abstract:
In order to improve the flood control capacity, the water supply security for irrigation and the living environment in rural area, beginning with the present status and problems of rural river regulation in China, the policy measures and the project investment for rural river regulation in China were analyzed, and the present status and development trends of related technology of rural river regulation in China were discussed. The countermeasures and project measures, the ideas and development direction of rural river regulation were put forward. The purpose of this paper is to provide certain reference for the future rural river regulation.
In order to improve the flood control capacity, the water supply security for irrigation and the living environment in rural area, beginning with the present status and problems of rural river regulation in China, the policy measures and the project investment for rural river regulation in China were analyzed, and the present status and development trends of related technology of rural river regulation in China were discussed. The countermeasures and project measures, the ideas and development direction of rural river regulation were put forward. The purpose of this paper is to provide certain reference for the future rural river regulation.
2016,32(6):156-162, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2016.06.025
Abstract:
This paper summarizes the status of fishway planning and construction in recent years in China. Two typical cases(the Changzhou Water Control Project and the Cuijiaying Navigation-Hydropower Junction)are presented to illustrate the current status of fishways in China. The restrictive factors in the construction and operation of China’s fishways are analyzed with regard to technologies, supervision and management, operational maintenance, and policy systems. Some suggestions, including strengthening research on key technologies, formulating and implementing basins’ environmental protection plans, and implementing adaptive management and accelerating the improvement of relevant policies and regulations, are provided, in order to promote the rapid and healthy development of fishways in China.
This paper summarizes the status of fishway planning and construction in recent years in China. Two typical cases(the Changzhou Water Control Project and the Cuijiaying Navigation-Hydropower Junction)are presented to illustrate the current status of fishways in China. The restrictive factors in the construction and operation of China’s fishways are analyzed with regard to technologies, supervision and management, operational maintenance, and policy systems. Some suggestions, including strengthening research on key technologies, formulating and implementing basins’ environmental protection plans, and implementing adaptive management and accelerating the improvement of relevant policies and regulations, are provided, in order to promote the rapid and healthy development of fishways in China.
2019,35(1):6-13, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2019.01.002
Abstract:
In order to quantify the water consumption of winter wheat, and make use of the regional water resources rationally, water footprint of winter wheat in Haihe River Basin from 1958 to 2016 was accounted, and direct and indirect effects of meteorological and agricultural input on water footprint of winter wheat was analyzed based on Penman formula, daily scale soil water balance and path analysis. The results show that the years average total water footprint of winter wheat in the basin was 239. 6 billion m3 and the average unit water footprint was 1 840 m3/t. The water footprint shows a significantly decreasing trend. The water footprint was heterogeneous in space with the largest water footprint in Beijing and Tianjin, followed by Shanxi, Shandong and Henan. The total power of agricultural machinery and the amount of converted fertilizer application have the biggest direct effect on the water footprint of winter wheat. Meteorological factors influence water footprint of winter wheat mainly by input factors of agricultural production. Water footprint of winter wheat can be reduced by increasing agricultural productivity. Fertilization should be reduced in areas with high grey water footprint, such as Beijing and Tianjin.
In order to quantify the water consumption of winter wheat, and make use of the regional water resources rationally, water footprint of winter wheat in Haihe River Basin from 1958 to 2016 was accounted, and direct and indirect effects of meteorological and agricultural input on water footprint of winter wheat was analyzed based on Penman formula, daily scale soil water balance and path analysis. The results show that the years average total water footprint of winter wheat in the basin was 239. 6 billion m3 and the average unit water footprint was 1 840 m3/t. The water footprint shows a significantly decreasing trend. The water footprint was heterogeneous in space with the largest water footprint in Beijing and Tianjin, followed by Shanxi, Shandong and Henan. The total power of agricultural machinery and the amount of converted fertilizer application have the biggest direct effect on the water footprint of winter wheat. Meteorological factors influence water footprint of winter wheat mainly by input factors of agricultural production. Water footprint of winter wheat can be reduced by increasing agricultural productivity. Fertilization should be reduced in areas with high grey water footprint, such as Beijing and Tianjin.
2019,35(3):1-6, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2019.03.001
Abstract:
In view of the problems of in-situ or ectopic remediation technology of contaminated sediment, such as the need to introduce foreign materials, or the long-term occupation of land and the prone to secondary pollution, etc. , a contaminated sediment backfill technology(CSBT)was put forward, in which the dredged sediment is sintered into ceramists and backfilled into the original dredged area after dewatering, drying and harmless treatment. The potential of CSBT for remediation of sediment was discussed in terms of enhancing bed stability, clarifying mud-water interface, changing vertical distribution of dissolved oxygen in sediment and reducing pollutant release flux from sediment. Sediment dredging can directly remove most of the surface pollutants, while sintering at high temperature during the preparation of ceramsite can reduce the pollution of dredged sediment. The stability of the bed surface increases, the particles are not easy to suspend again under the same hydrodynamic conditions, the release flux of sediment decreases significantly, and the permeation depth of dissolved oxygen on the bed surface increases after ceramsite backfilling.
In view of the problems of in-situ or ectopic remediation technology of contaminated sediment, such as the need to introduce foreign materials, or the long-term occupation of land and the prone to secondary pollution, etc. , a contaminated sediment backfill technology(CSBT)was put forward, in which the dredged sediment is sintered into ceramists and backfilled into the original dredged area after dewatering, drying and harmless treatment. The potential of CSBT for remediation of sediment was discussed in terms of enhancing bed stability, clarifying mud-water interface, changing vertical distribution of dissolved oxygen in sediment and reducing pollutant release flux from sediment. Sediment dredging can directly remove most of the surface pollutants, while sintering at high temperature during the preparation of ceramsite can reduce the pollution of dredged sediment. The stability of the bed surface increases, the particles are not easy to suspend again under the same hydrodynamic conditions, the release flux of sediment decreases significantly, and the permeation depth of dissolved oxygen on the bed surface increases after ceramsite backfilling.
Journal information
- Competent unit：
水利部
- Organizers：
河海大学 中国水利学会环境水利专业委员会
- Editor-in-chief：
王沛芳
- Address：
1 Xikang Road ,Nanjing 210098, P. R. China
- Postcode：
210098
- Phone：
025-83786642
- Email：
bh1985@vip.163.com,bh@hhu.edu.cn
- CN：
32-1356/TV
- ISSN：
1004-6933
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