According to literature research and dada collection，the paper analyzes the evolution trend of economic development and wader resource Wilization in America from 1950 t0 2010，and the evolution trend of economic development and wader resource Wilization in China from1949 t0 2014. Then，the paper evaluates their differences of the evolution trend of economic development and water resource Wilization by means analysis. Based on it，it constructs of comparative the complete decomposition model of economic development and water resource Wilization from the perspective of structure effect and efficiency effect. It evaluates the decoupling trend and systematically analyzes the innate decoupling mechanism of economic developmeW and wader resource ulilization on the basis of driving force-pressure-response framework in order to provide references for accelerating the pace of decoupling. The resuhs show that the key point of realizing the decoupling mode of economic development and water resource Wilization is to ensure zero growth of agriculure and industrial water resource Wilization under the condition that agriculture and industrial water Wilization reaches the peak one after another.