Decision risk assessment of major NOT-IN-MY-BACK-YARD(NIMBY)facility is a system. The economic evaluation, safety evaluation, environmental assessment and social stability evaluation are different in function, but they have inherent relationship. Economic risk assessment is the foundation, security risk assessment is the guarantee, the environmental risk assessment is deepening, and social stability risk assessment is the end-result. In essence, the continuous improvement of the decision-making risk assessment system is derived from the understanding of the uncertainty and the value evolution. The types and threat degree of the real risks have impact on the direction and mode of decision-making, which begins from the development of Marxism to scientific and ecological environmental activism and eventually evolves to NIMBYism including environmental justice view and post materialism.